1、 阅读理解阅读理解专项突破专项突破 阅读理解常见题型及解题技巧阅读理解常见题型及解题技巧 细节题细节题 知识知识点：点：细节理解题的基本要求和特点细节理解题的基本要求和特点 初中英语阅读理解最基本的要求是“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。对这种“获取和处理主要 信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是细节判断。这类题在阅读理解题中占据半壁江山，做好这类题是确 保基础分的关键。同时，弄清细节，正确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特别重视做好这 类题。 细节题就是指那些针对文章细节描写或与文章情节发展相关的事实所设置的问题。这类题主要测试考 生获取信息及对文章所提供信息的理解能力。 知
2、识知识点：点：设题方式设题方式 1) 此类题型多数以特殊疑问词设问，设问的检测点针对某一具体行为、地点、时间、原因、方式、数量等。 细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕 捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。 此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的 细节设计的。 2) 常见的命题方式 1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage? 2.Which of the following is mentioned i
3、n the passage? 3.What is the example of . . . as described in the passage? 4.The author mentions all of the following except . . . 5.The reason for . . .is . . . 6.The author states that . . . 7.According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ).? 8.Which of the following is right? 9.Which
4、 of the following is not mentioned? 10.Choose the right order of this passage . 11.From this passage we know _. 词义猜测题词义猜测题 知识知识点：点：词义猜测的基本要求和特点词义猜测的基本要求和特点 所谓词义猜测是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推 断某一生词、难词、关键词甚至短语或句子的意义。词义猜测题在中考中一般考一至两道，要求学生在掌 握一定的词汇量的基础上，能独立阅读部分生词，理解生词的含义。考察学生通过上下文提供的线索或生 词本身
5、的结构特点对词义作出正确判断的能力。 知识知识点：点：常见的命题方式常见的命题方式 1. What does the word “_”in . mean? 2. It can be inferred（推断，推论）/concluded（推断） (from the passage) that the word“_”means _. 3.The word .implies （意味，暗示）that _. 4. Which of the following is the closest meaning of the word? 5. what do you think of the expression
6、 _ stands for? 6. The word “_ ” in the passage probably means _. 7. In this story the underlined word “ ” means _. 例题例题 例例 1.根据释义猜测根据释义猜测 The small-world theory says that everyone in the world is connected through a short chain (链条) of people they know. Another name of this chain is degrees of separ
7、ation. Each degree is a step that separates a person from someone he or she does not know. There are zero degrees of separation between a person and the people he or she knows directly. This means that there are zero degrees between Ben and his mom. What is the meaning of “degrees of separation” in
8、Paragraph 2? A. The chain to connect people B. The relations between people C. The steps of knowing strangers D. The separation between strangers. 【答案】A 例例 2. 根据同义词和反义词猜测根据同义词和反义词猜测 It not only spawned over 104,000 active discussions, but also brought about care about what means a healthy body image
9、. The underlined word spawned in Paragraph 4 probably means _. A. led to B. put out C. talked about D. looked into 【答案】A 【解析】根据此句的结构 not onlybut also 可知 spawned 与 brought about 同义，bring about 意为“带来” ， 可推知 A 选项 led to“导致”正确 例例 3. 根据构词法猜测根据构词法猜测 Some students who steal essays (论文) wholesale from the W
10、eb, they said, are so lazy they dont even bother to take the advertisements off the cut-and-pasted text. The underlined word “wholesale” in the 2nd paragraph possibly means _. A. for sale in large quantities B. completely copying others work C. in unlimited amounts D. in too large numbers from cutti
11、ng and pasting 【答案】 ：B 【解析】wholesale 中的 whole 意为“整个” ，可以推知此句是完全剽窃的意思。学科网 主旨大意题主旨大意题 知识知识点：点：主旨大意类题目的特点主旨大意类题目的特点 主旨是文章的核心，即文章的中心思想或主题。主旨题主要是考查考生能否分辨主题和细节、是否具 备提纲挈领的能力，即是否能在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高 度概括和总结。这类题大约占总题量的 30%。主旨题一般会放在第一个或者最后一个考。 这类题要求阅读时不但要看懂个别的句子，而且要能够根据作者思路的展开，把握作者在整片文章中 的观点，因此必须
12、看懂全篇文章的意思。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意 义。 知识知识点：点：常见设题方式：常见设题方式： 1. What is the main idea of this passage? 2.What does the passage mainly talk about? 3. The best title of this passage is 4.In this passage the writer tries to tell us that _. 知识知识点：点：解题技巧解题技巧 1. 整体思整体思路路 （1）仔细阅读全文，判断发现主题句 文章的主题句有的文章有而
13、有的却没有，这就需要学生认真地阅读文章，仔细判断（如果有，它经常出现 在文章的开始和结尾处，但也不能排除出现在文章中间的可能） 。另外，不要被表象所迷惑。有的文章列举 一个或几个人们比较熟悉的事例或是用一些具体的事例来说明一个人们不熟悉或是抽象的内容，这时要看 清的是文章的本质而不是表面现象。 （2）对文章进行分析、归纳和概括并得出正确结论 这种情况下大多文章中是找不到主题句的，要求学生在理解全文的基础上自己进行总结。对全文的概括要 完整，不能以点带面，以偏概全。在具体的答题过程中学生会发现有个别选项是对的，但它对文章的概括 不是很完整，这也不是我们所要的最佳答案。 另外，选择“最佳标题”的题
14、目也是属于文章的主旨，但是标题不仅要能完整地概括全文，还要简洁明了，并 能吸引读者，这也是学生在选择最佳标题时应把握的一条原则。 2. 主题句定位法主题句定位法 即通过分析篇章结构，找出每一小段的主题句，然后通过寻找共同点，找出整个文章的主题句。 主题呈现的方式有： 说明文 议论文 记叙文 在开头 (较常见) 在结尾 (较少见) 在中间 中心贯穿全文 (较常见) 例题例题 例例 1. 开门见山式：主题句出现在文首。开门见山式：主题句出现在文首。 If you plan to take your pet on a trip, prepare ahead of time. At least two
15、 weeks before you leave, take your pet to a vet. See if he or she is tit for travel and ask if he or she should have any medicine before leaving. The vet may suggest certain pills for sickness or for calming the pet. The main idea of this passage is to _. A. warn people to leave their pets at home B
16、. give general information about pet travel C. tell people how to choose their pet boxes D. tell people about foreign pet laws 【答案】 ：B 例例 2. 藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾 The practical meaning of this survey result could be that doing one kind act would make you happier, and the happier you feel, the
17、 more likely you are to do another kind act. This might also be used by charitable (慈善的) organizations; reminding honors of earlier donations could make them happy, and experiencing happiness might lead them to make more generous gifts. What is the general topic of the passage? A. Advice on how to b
18、e happy. B. The importance of being generous. C. Donating things makes people happy. D. Being kind makes you happy. 【答案】 ：D 【解析】 ：根据文段末句 reminding honors of earlier donations could make them happy, and experiencing happiness might lead them to make more generous gifts 可知本题答案为 D 项。学科！网 例例 3. 尾呼应式尾呼应式
19、 在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题。 值得注意的是，前后两个主题句不是简单的重复，再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发 展。 The number of rural(乡村的) left-behind children under 17 years old has increased to 61.02 million, according to a report. These childrens parents leave them with their grandparents or other family member
20、s in order to make money in cities. These children are the future of the nation. People should offer them their love, care and protection. The best title of the passage is_. A. Serious facts about rural children B. A choice of children or money C. More care to rural left-behind children D. A report
21、on parents worry about rural left-behind children 【答案】 ：C 例例 4. 藏龙卧虎式藏龙卧虎式 即主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。具体方法是：首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容， 这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，寻找共同点,然后加以归纳形成主题。 In the spring of 1926, Yan Qingbao, a 43-year-old farmer, discovered a circular piece of jade(玉) while digging a hole. Driven by curiosity, he du
22、g deeper and found a group of about 400 colorful jade pieces. At the time, he had no idea that his discovery would be as important as other wonders of the world such as Chinas Great Wall and Egypts pyramids. Since then more than 10000 relics, . The main idea of the passage is_. A. Shanxingdui was na
23、med the Scientific Education Base for Chinas Youth B. Shanxingdui was once the political, economic and cultural center of the ancient Shu Kingdom C. the importance of the discovery of Shanxingdui D. it has helped modern historians realize that Shichuans human history goes back more than 5000 years 【
24、答案】 ：C 推理判断类阅读推理判断类阅读 知识知识点：点：推理判断题的特点推理判断题的特点 推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。 这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。 知识知识点：点：推理判断题的解题思路推理判断题的解题思路 做推断题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思， 反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。要求在通篇理解文章的基础上，以文章提供的事实为依据，将已表 述的和隐含的信息结合起来进行思考、分析，透彻理解全文，以领会作者的真正意图，从而做出正确的推 理和判断，切不可凭
25、空想象，主观臆断。 知识知识点：点：推理判断题的常见设问方式推理判断题的常见设问方式 1. We can infer /conclude from the passage that _. 2. It can be inferred /concluded (from the passage) that _. 3. The author strongly suggests that_. 4. What do you think would happen (to) at the end of the story?/ next? 5. We can infer from the text that _
26、. 6.From the story we can guess _ 7. Here “it” means_. 8. The underlined word “it” in the passage refers to _. 9. The passage is probably from_ 例题例题 例例 1. 判断文章出处判断文章出处 Every living thing On Earth is either a plant or an animal, right? Wrong! Many organisms (有机体) in Our world are neither. What are th
27、ese? They are called fungi (菌类), and you see them almost every day. Many kinds of fungi seem disgusting, such as the green black things that appear on the food which are left too long in the refrigerator. But other kinds are not so bad. For example, the yeast that is used to make bread and mushrooms
28、 (蘑菇) are both fungi. Where can you most probably find this passage? A. In a social report. B. In a biology book. C. In a geography magazine. D. In a farming book. 【答案】：B 例例 2. 与文章细节相关的推断与文章细节相关的推断 One user of the site, Joseph Meehan, 27, from Birmingham, said, “Its a fun and exciting website. I vis
29、it every once in a while when Im missing my friends or family. I think it could really be a help to people that are feeling down or sad. It may even stop them from doing something stupid. You can also post your video to the website, and they add it to the series. Its very easy to share the love.” Ac
30、cording to the text, which of the following is TRUE? A. Jeff Lam is working on a new project to collect more audio diaries. B. Jeff Lam met a lot of difficulties during the time of creating the website. C. Joseph Meehan has got help from the website and supports it. D. Joseph Meehan has shared his o
31、wn positive videos with strangers. 【答案】: C 【解析】：根据文章第二行 I think it could really be a help to people that are feeling down or sad 可知本题答案 为 C 项。学科#网 例例 3. 指代推断：指代推断： I went on to have an amazing year studying in England, but that was the last time I saw or spoke to any of my uncles family. Yet when I
32、think about that terrible loss in 2008, I remember those strangers hands. They were there when I needed them, and even now, they help me out of the sadness of that memory. I think of them as I ride the underground in Washington D. C. today, and I watch the citizens and tourists to offer hands at any
33、 time. In the last paragraph, the underlined words “that terrible loss“ probably mean _. A. I was crying when I took the underground in London B. I left my uncles family and havent contacted them since then C. I didnt say thank you to those who gave hands to me D. I lost my good mood and felt sad wh
34、en I left my uncles family 【答案】 ：B 近三年九年级上期末阅读理解汇编近三年九年级上期末阅读理解汇编 年份年份/区域区域 主题主题 文章类型文章类型 2017-2018A来源来源:学学,科科,网网招聘广告招聘广告 广告广告 玄武玄武来源来源:163文库163文库 Z,X,X,K来源来源:学学,科科,网网 Z,X,X,K来来 源源:Z|xx|k.Com来源来源:163文库163文库 ZXXK B TV series 说明文说明文 C Family fights 议论文议论文 D 熄灯或者戴着眼罩时用餐可以减肥熄灯或者戴着眼罩时用餐可以减肥 科技说明文科技说明文 20
35、17-2018 鼓楼鼓楼 A 分类广告分类广告 广告广告 B Shanghai DISNEYs theme park 说明说明文文 C Jim and I 记叙文记叙文 D Message emoji 议论文议论文 2016-2017 玄武玄武 A Metro Lines 应用文应用文 B Play (White and Chandler) 剧本剧本 C Monarch butterfly 科技说明文科技说明文 D Antarctica 科技说明文科技说明文 2016-2017 鼓楼鼓楼 A Textbooks 应用文应用文 B A jackal and a lion 故事故事 C The f
36、unction of the APP 应用文应用文 2015-2016 玄武玄武 A Little Tom 记叙文记叙文 B Tips to reduce the harm when the crush happens 应用文应用文 C A young couple visited 18 countries 议论文议论文 2015-2016 鼓楼鼓楼 A Chinese TV dramas 介绍介绍 B The importance of sleep 议论文议论文 C How to have a better communication 应用文应用文 D Are you ready for a
37、nother child? 议论文议论文 【2017-2018 学年南京市玄武区九年级上学期期末】 A 26. What time will the festival begin? A. 10.A.M. B. 11 A. M. C. 1 P. M. D. 2 P. M. 27. What does the underlined word “feature” mean in Line 2? A. Look B. Keep C. Include D. Entertain 28. What job will be done the before the festival begins? A. Mak
38、ing posters B. Setting up the gym C. Cleaning up the gym D. Helping performers 【答案】ACB 【解析】 B A new TV series in England, Away from it all, has surprised everyone by becoming a huge success with young people across the country. Its success is surprising because the series is about the relaxing lifes
39、tyles of people who live in the country. There is none of the action that we usually see on TV today. There are also no stressful moments, busy offices or crowded cities. Away from it all is set in the peaceful English countryside and tells simple stories about peoples kindness. The director of the
40、TV series says that its success is a sign of teenagers suffering from stress. They say that Student Volunteers Needed! On Monday, February 12th, from 10 A.M. until 4 P. M., Carverton Middle School will be holding a musical festival in the school gymnasium. The special event will feature a variety of
41、 professional musicians and singers. Task Time Date Make posters 1 P.M.4P.M. February 5th Set up the gym 11 A.M.- 4P.M February 11th Help performers 9A.M.- 4P.M February 12th Welcome guests 10A.M.- 2P.M February 12th Clean up the gym 4 P.M.7P.M. February 12th Interested students should speak with Ms
42、. Braxton, the music teacher. Students who would like to help at the festival must have written permission from a parent or a guardian. watching Away from it all helps teenagers forget about the pressures（压力）of exams and homework, and the troubles that fill the world today. They also say that its a
43、good sign of todays young people switching to（转到） happier TV series as it shows they would like a happier and healthier world. Although the series success might have a good side, many teachers and parents are worried, however. They say that some of their students and children are becoming couch pota
44、toes（终日泡在电视机前的人）and are using Away from it all as an excuse for not completing homework. Some children have even refused to learn for exams because they say that they can only achieve personal happiness by avoiding（避免）stressful situations completely. And what do the experts（专家）say? Paula Ray, a doct
45、or of education, says that TV can influence childrens lifestyles. But she says that if a child reacts strongly, its likely that there are other reasons for his change in behaviour. She says that there is nothing wrong with watching Away from it all but suggests that parents should make sure their ch
46、ildren know TV is not the same as real life. 29. The success of the new TV series is surprising because_. A. it is about life in busy offices B. it is about the English countryside C. it is the same as other successful TV series D. it is different from other successful TV series 30. The success of t
47、he series shows that young people would like _. A. relaxing jobs B. English TV series C. a world with no homework D. a happier and healthier world 31. The director of Away from it all believe that the series helps young people deal with _. A. exams B. stress C. couch potatoes D. simple stories 32. W
48、hich of the following statements about Away from it all is TURE? A. There is some action we can see on TV today. B. The TV series Away from it all is about busy offices. C. Many parents are worried that it will influence childrens study. D. Parents are sure that their children know TV is different from real life. 【答案】DDBC 【解析】 30. D. 细节理解题. 根据第二段 They also say that its a good sign of todays young people switching to（转到） happier TV series as it shows
