1、第六讲 完形填空 词汇填空篇【考点说明】完形填空除了传统四选一的形式之外，也可能会出现一些变化，如将空缺所需答案放在一起，并给出多余几个选择，共同组成一个词库，而考生则根据文章意思以及空缺上下文语境进行选择填词，并根据需要进行词形的变换，英文名称为Bank Cloze，类似于大学英语四级考试中的15选10题型。北约联盟2011年和2012年自招考试英语皆出现了15选10题型。除此之外，2011北约自招英语考试还出现了首字母完形填空题型。尽管完形填空考察形式多样，但万变不离其宗，只要掌握了完形填空考查的重点和答题技巧，一切问题皆可迎刃而解。【题型特点分析】1. 15选10：方框给出供选择的15个
2、词，语篇中留出10个空格，选词补全语篇。所提供的词汇词性主要是名词、动词、形容词和副词四种词性。解这类题涉及到句子成分、上下文语境、词汇的词性和词义。2. 首字母填空：语篇中留出一定数量的空格，大多为10个空格，每个空格提供了首字母。解这类题涉及到句子成分、上下文语境、词汇的词性和词义。【解题技巧】v 通读全文，抓住中心（首段，首句原则）v 阅读选项，词性分类（注意分析动词时态）v 全盘考虑，灵活选择（根据所需词性缩小范围）v 复读全文，核查答案（快速复读，用语感判断是否通顺准确）答题技巧一：确定空白处词性 注意：1. 遇到动词进行二次分类：确定时态，确定是第三人称单数还是非第三人称单数；但应
3、注意动词+ed型的有两种可能性，动词或形容词；遇到名词要确定单数还是复数。2不认识的单词，看后缀。构词法中，前缀表明意思，后缀表明词性。所以看一个词的后缀，往往能大致分出词性。 3词性一时无法确定的，暂时搁置，不必纠缠，影响全局。4作出相应的标记。可直接用自己最清楚的符号清楚标在每个词前后，不清楚的都标问号。 v 以下情况，空白处为动词：1. n./pron. vt. n./pron. 前有名词后有名词，中间谓语动词2. n./pron. vi. 前有名词后无名词，谓语动词不及物3. n./pron. vi. adv./prep. 前有名词后有介词副词，谓语动词不及物4. n./pron. l
4、ink v./be adj. 前有名词后有形容词，be动词或系动词5. to v. 前有不定式to，后动词原形注意：确定空白处为动词，还需根据上下文确定正确形式以下情况，空白处为分词：v 过去分词：1. has/have/had p.p（完成时态）2. be p.p（被动语态）3. p.p n.或 n. p.p（过去分词做形容词，表示被动或已发生）v 现在分词：1. be -ing（进行时态）2. -ing n.或 n.-ing（现在分词做形容词，表示主动或正在进行）3. prep. ing（介词宾语）以下情况，空白处为名词：（名词通常作主语或动词/介词的宾语）1. a/the n. 前有冠词
5、2. n. v. 空白后为谓语动词3. prep. n. 空白前为介词，则空白处为名词或动名词（注意：根据空白处前的冠词和上下文判断所填名词的单复数；根据空白处后的谓语动词的形式判断所填名词的单复数）v 形容词：1. adj. n. n. adj. 空白前后是名词2. adv. adj. 空白前是副词3. link v.be adj. be动词或系动词后接形容词做表语v 副词：1. adv. v.或 v. adv. 副词修饰动词，表示程度状态2. adv. adj. 副词可修饰形容词3. adv.从句，有些副词做句子的状语，表示转折因果等逻辑关系答题技巧二：确定考点需要积极意义还是消极意义，继
6、而缩小选择范围。Sample:The classroom offers opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with , peaceful ones.【解析】根据语法判断此处为形容词，与peaceful一样具有积极意义，与前文的angry, violent词义色彩相反，那么comprehensive, cooperative, entire应选择cooperative。答题技巧三：介词后一定是名词或动名词做宾语注意： to （介词&动词不定式）to的短语接动名词 :abandon oneself to（沉
7、溺于）, adhere to（坚持）, stick to（坚持，信守）, cling to（坚持，忠于）, admit to（承认）, confess to（承认）, contribute to（做贡献）, feel up to（感觉能胜任）, get down to（开始着手做）, give ones mind to（专心）, give way to（让步）, yield to（屈服）, lead to（导致）, look forward to（渴望）, object to（反对）, take to（开始从事，喜欢）, turn to（求助）, succumb to（屈服）, see to（
8、照顾，料理）, get used to, be accustomed to, be addicted to, be committed to, be dedicated to, be devoted to, be opposed to, be reduced to, be subject to（受支配的，常遭受）, submit to（顺从，屈服）答题技巧四：利用不定冠词(a/an)判断考点是否为元音开头，缩小选择范围Sample:Husband and children now do some of these jobs, a _ that has changed the target ma
9、rket for many products.(scale, potential, gap, extreme, purchase, situation)【解析】作some of these jobs的同位语，以辅音开头的名词。这里的situation 意思是：（正职业, 职位, 工作。例：In August he was appointed to the situation of secretary. 在八月份, 他被指定担任秘书。答题技巧五：充分利用词库中的近义词或反义词（注意：若词库中出现一对近义或反义词，其中一个必定是干扰项。反义词考查学生对文章语境色彩的辨析，只需要辨析考点单词是积极还
10、是消极意义，就不难排除。近义词考查考生对词汇搭配用法的掌握，需要学生牢记近义词的各种用法及搭配。）Sample: A) gravely B) respect C) limited D) specializeE) seriously F) promoting G) involves H) relievedI) significant J) magnificent K) range L) issuesM) result N) determining O) complicatedTimes have changed. Today, we take pain 48 . Indeed, pain is
11、now considered the fifth vital sign, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in 49 a persons well-being.【解析】此处应用副词作状语，考查近义词辨析。take sth. seriously为固定搭配）答题技巧六：注意一词多性：词库中的词有的既是名词又是动词，有些分词也可以充当形容词，确定空白处所需单词词性后要全面考虑词库中的单词词性，不能遗漏Sample:respect：n./v. 尊敬，尊重 result：n. 结果；v. 结果，导
12、致，产生range：n. 范围，幅度，山脉；v. 归类于，延伸典例精讲1A) estimate； B) strength； C) deliberately； D) notify； E) tropical； F) phenomenon； G) stable； H) attraction； I) completely； J) destructive；K) starvation； L) bringing； M) exhaustion； N) worth； O) strike EI Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredict
13、able change in the climate of the world. This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. It starts in the pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures
14、 rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5（degrees centigrade）. The warning of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. In the West
15、 Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51 . EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect
16、was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. The 1990 EI Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 54 this to be the longest EI Nino for 2,000 years. Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an EI Nino will 55 , but they are still
17、not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.【解析】u 辨析词性 1. 把十五个选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词、副词等类别。名词：B,F,H,K,M（B的后缀th, H、K、M的tion都是名词后缀） 1) 谓语动词：A,D,O（A的-ate极可能是动词，D的-fy为动词后缀） 2) 非谓语动词：L（-ing结尾） 3) 形容词：E, G, J（E的-cal, G的able, J的tive是形容词后缀） 4) 副词：C和I（ly加在形容词后为副词后缀）注意：即使从没见过，也想办法看能否判断其词性，词
18、性有时比词义还重要。词性并不总是固定的，有些不认识的或无法确定的，如 N) worth (adj./n.)，可先搁置，不要过度纠缠。 u 综合解题 将选项分类之后，就得从文章中来寻找对应的线索了。选项与文章匹配的因素有两个，第一是词性，第二是词义。所以在读文章时，要通过各种手段来确定空格的词性与意义。（一）确定词性，确定选项的选择范围 1）关于动词的判断 前后都是名词短语，中间是动词 。 根据一句（包括从句）有且只有一个谓语动词的原则，其它地方如无谓语动词，则需要谓语动词；反之则不需要谓语动词。 Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast wh
19、en an El Nino will 55 , but.(will后面必然是原形动词，一起构成谓语) 55. O strike Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.（此句后只有一个to be，是非谓语动词，故空格必为谓语动词；且空格前后均为名词性，也基本确定它是动词。）54. A estimate 一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. （前面是一个完整的句子，逗
20、号后跟的，一般是非谓语动词短语。此题选项中非谓语动词只有一个。） 50. L bringing 2）其它词的判断 形容词或名词修饰名词，限定词（the, this, that, a, my之类）后必有名词This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. （这个/种奇怪的？，需要一个名词） 47. F phenomenon The hot, humid air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.（严重的？风暴，可能是形容词，也可能是名词）49. E tropical El Nino us
21、ually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.（前面是最高级的修饰语，自然是形容词。） 52. J destructive 副词修饰形容词或动词 , but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.（修饰形容词sure, 当为副词） 56. I completely 谓语动词前有名词主语 This strange 47 h
22、appens every five to eight years.（happens是谓语动词，也可知前面为名词短语，缺一个核心名词。）47. F phenomenon 介词后面必有名词 As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C. （在介词in的后面，当为名词无疑，此处整个短语来修饰lessen减少，当为在某个方面减少。）48. B strength（二）句
23、里句外，猜测词义 一看搭配：主谓宾、主系表与修饰词直接的搭配关系决定着词的意义。所以先看它被什么修饰，与什么形成主谓宾关系。看一种关系不行就看另一个，灵活处之。 This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. （strange修饰47，也许看不出来是什么，再看47与happen形成主谓关系，能够发生的是什么？最好的当然是现象。）47. F phenomenon 二看逻辑： 1句内(状语从句，解释，并列等) As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causi
24、ng the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C. （此句有一个状语从句，as表示的时间或因果关系，是重要的解题线索。风的什么减少，温度就上升，当然是风的速度或风力。） 48. B strength So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51 . （空格与前面两个名词并列，意味着意思相近。与干旱、收成不好一致的，很容易
25、选出starvation饥荒。）51. K starvation 2 前文（指代等、句间连词） This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. （This告诉我们，此处是重提前面讲到过的某个事物。前面讲到过的核心概念就是El Nino, 无疑是一种天气“现象”。）47. F phenomenon 表示可从前文找相应线索的有两类。 与this一大类的还有：this/these/such; the same/similar; worse/better/more/less等。还有就是表示逻辑关系的句间连词，或者叫连接副词。主要的如下： 递进：Mo
26、reover/furthermore/ whats more /besides/in addition/even/also 转折：however/but/rather/instead 因果：therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence 3后文El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than
27、 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. 段落开始部分，提出一个总的概括性的说法。往往在下文有分述。El Nino究竟带来的是什么样的天气，后面一句就交代得十分清楚。 52. J destructive (dead , damage)三看习惯用法：固定搭配 Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. （此处考的是
28、worth这个词的特殊用法。它本是一个形容词，但可用worth of sth., 来表明价值某物的某东西。） 53. N worth e.g. The fire caused thousands of pounds worth of damage.三、带项检查带入已选答案，重新通读文章以核对其是否逻辑语意正确。2invest, justify, activity, basically, run, inside, opportunity, interest, generally, offer, design, urban, translate, theme, lead, focus, condu
29、ct, build, entertainment, baseThe Expo 2010-Shanghai China is essentially a Worlds fair. At this fair, 189 countries 1 structures, called：.pavilions, to showcase the architecture, style and 2 of the pavilions, as well as present displays, presentations, and a variety of programming 3 the pavilions.
30、There are also many organizations and corporations that participate in the Expo by building pavilions related to their own special 4 .The main purpose of the Expo is to showcase whatever it is that each country has to 5 with hopes that people or corporations from other countries will be impressed an
31、d decide to 6 business.in that country. The architecture, the themes, and the displays inside of the pavilions are all 7 to promote the benefits of the various countries. 8 ，the countries are trying to brand or sell themselves to the rest of the world with hopes that it will 9 into more opportunitie
32、s for their countries.Although the amazing architecture of the pavilions alone would 10 a visit to Expo 2010，people can also see Kung Fu shows, parades, musical performances, and plenty of additional 11 The location of Expo 2010 covers more than 2 square miles and is located on the shores of the Hua
33、ngpu River in Shanghai. The Expo 12 from May 1， 2010 through October 31，2010.The theme of the Expo is Better City, Better Life, and many of the themes are 13 on sustainability, better quality of life, and other positive 14 growth messages. Expo 2010 really presents a good 15 to learn from other coun
34、tries, to see what they focus on, what they think is important, and how they deal with various issues. (南京大学2008，改编)1. 【答案】build【解析】在2010年上海世博会上，有189个国家建造展馆2. 【答案】theme【解析】每个展馆都有自己的建筑特点、风格和主题。3. 【答案】inside【解析】显然此空应该选择一个介词，表示“在世博馆里面”的意思。4. 【答案】interests【解析】建造者根据自己特别的兴趣建造世博馆，因此每个世博馆都各有特 色，风格迥异。5. 【答案】
35、offer【解析】举办世博会的主要目的就是真实地展示每个国家提供的任何东西。6. 【答案】conduct【解析】conduct business属于固定搭配，表示“经营业务”。7. 【答案】designed【解析】be designed to表示“为某目的或用途而制造或者计划”。8. 【答案】Basically【解析】此空应选择副词，为了强调接下来的命题，basically表示“本质上、实 际上”的意思。9. 【答案】translate【解析】如果A translates into B，那么B的发生是由A引起的。10. 【答案】justify【解析】justify a visit表示“很值得去
36、参观”。11. 【答案】entertainment 【解析】 此空与前面的show, parades, performance等词对应，是这些 词的概括。12. 【答案】runs【解析】run表示“持续不中断多长时间”。13. 【答案】focused【解析】世博会的主题聚焦于持续发展、更美好的生活和其他积极的城市发展 的讯息。14. 【答案】urban【解析】2力1年世博会的主题是“城市，让生活更美好”，因此这里应该是urban。15. 【答案】opportunity【解析】-present opportunity表示“提供机会”的意思。3encourage, approach, meanin
37、gful, put, feedback, outlook, process, lack, powerful, purpose, useful, access, mean, stimulate, have, overcoming, conscious, information, intention, positive To understand what a personal development coach does, you must first understand what personal development 1 Personal development is a path to
38、wards wellbeing through behavior modification and self-improvement techniques. Simply 2 ，it is being able to enjoy your life in a 3 way by improving yourself and circumstances. It can be improving yourself in one area or a complete overhaul (彻底检查）of your life. Typically, personal growth is a consist
39、ent 4 done purposely daily. For many people, self-improvement is a continual necessary 5 By improving ourselves, we dramatically improve our outcomes and opportunities. But for many wishing to change, they 6 the knowledge or tools to do so. This is where personal development coaches came aboard.Pers
40、onal development coaching was created especially to educate and 7 individuals who desired a 8 vision for their life. Called Life Coaches”，these teachers embrace 9 strategies for self-management and personal growth. There are different categories of life coaches. Each life coach has his specialty are
41、a and unique 10 . Some teach how to change habits, while some embrace more spiritual design platforms. Personal development coaching can include anything from how to improve your relationships to 11 public speaking. Whatever weak areas exist in your life, a life coach can be called in to strengthen
42、and encourage.A life coach can help you redefine your 12 for living. They have the skill and resources needed to re-direct your life into a more 13 existence. Everybody needs a strong support system and reinforcing positive 14 . It is the food necessary for good mental health, and for personal growt
43、h. Not everybody has 15 to a quality support system. Just as a personal body trainer whips a person into physical shape, a life coach whips a persons life into shape. (南京大学2008，改编）1. 【答案】means【解析】此空的下一句给出了 personal development(个人发展）的定义，显然这 里应该选择means(意思是）。2. 【答案】put【解析】simply put属于固定搭配，常单独使用，表示“简单地说
44、”。3. 【答案】conscious 【解析】 前面提到的behavior modification (行为的改善）和self-improvement techniques（自身提高的技术），这些都是人们有意识的行为方式。4. 【答案】intention【解析】此空需要一个名词，并且和后面的purposefully在意思上接近，因此 选择intention,表示“意图，目的”。5. 【答案】process【解析】自我提升不是一蹴而就的事情，有一个持续的必要的过程。6. 【答案】lack【解析】此空前面的介词短语前出现了 but，可以判断出此处表示他们（那些希望 发生变化的人)缺乏相关知识。7.
45、 【答案】encourage【解析】此空和前面的educate呈现并列关系，因此在意思上应该较为接近。8. 【答案】positive【解析】既然想提高自身，自然对生活有着积极的想象。9. 【答案】powerful【解析】既然能成为教练，当然有一套行之有效的教学策略。10. 【答案】approach【解析】从后面的句子来看，此空应该选择approach(教学方法）。11. 【答案】overcoming【解析】 overcome public speaking表示“克服在公共场所讲话的焦虑或者 恐惧”。12. 【答案】purpose【解析】生活教练的最大作用就是帮助你找到活着的方向和目标。13.
46、【答案】meaningful【解析】经过生活教练的训练，找到生活目的的人会发现自己的存在更有意义。14. 【答案】feedback 【解析】reinforce positive feedback 表示“加强积极的反馈”。15. 【答案】access【解析】have access to属于固定搭配，表示“接触，获得”。【真题模拟题训练】 AA. happensB.professionsC.senseD.neverthelessE. fashionedF.distanceG.immediateH.usuallyI. occupationsJ.preservedK.imitateL.provideM. thereforeNreserved0.con
