1、 专题专题 10 10 阅读七选五（说明文）阅读七选五（说明文） 【母题来源【母题来源一一】 【2019全国卷I 】 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中 有两项为多余选项。 Is Fresh Air Really Good for You? We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” _36_ According to recent studies， the answer is a big YES， if the air quality in your camp
2、ing area is good. _37_ If the air youre breathing is clean-which it would be if youre away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving， energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)
3、and your brain. Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). _38_ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green， growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people in
4、to a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. _39_ It gives us a great feeling of peace. _40_While the suns rays can age and harm our skin, they also give i
5、s beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin Dbut still protect your skin put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and thats plenty of time for your skin to absorb a days worth of Vitamin D. A. Fresh air cleans our lungs. B
6、. So what are you waiting for? C. Being in nature refreshes us. D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care. G. All across the country, recovery cent
7、ers have begun building Healing Gardens. 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处：新鲜空气中 的氧气，阳光对人们的身心健康均有好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾 病的关系，建造“康复花园”，治疗病人了。 36.E 根据下一句中的“the answer is a big YES”可知，该空应该是一个一般疑问 句，选项中只有 E 选项是一般疑问句。故选 E：但是新鲜空气真得像你母亲说 的那样对你有好处吗？空前的 people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”和选项中的“your mother
8、 always said”亦是呼应。 37.A 根据下一句中提到的“If the air youre breathing is cleanthe air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen”可知，新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的， 充满活力的氧气。下文中“breathe more deeply, allowing more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain”是对前文的递进：在户外，更多的 氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。根据前面的分析可以推知，该空应该提到新鲜空气 的基本作用，根据常识，我们知道吸入
9、的空气首先进入的是肺部，然后才会使 我们的肌肉和大脑受益，故该空应选 A 选项：新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部。 38.G 根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复 数名词。选项中只有 G 选项提到该类名词，故选项 G：在全国，康复中心已经 开始建造“康复花园”。these places 就是指 Healing Gardens。 39.C 前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用：绿色的正 在成长的植物可以减轻压力，降低血压，使人情绪良好。空后提到“它给我们 一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自 然环境中的好处，
10、空后的 it 也要指代这种情况。故 C 选项切题：身处大自然可 以使人精神焕发。 40.D 根据下文中提到的“the suns raysgive us beneficial Vitamin D”可知， 该段介绍的阳光的好处。 故该选项应该提到阳光。 选项中只有D选项涉及阳光。 故选 D：获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。 【母题来源【母题来源二二】 【2019全国卷II 】 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中 有两项为多余选项。 Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking
11、himself the question: “Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. _36_Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided. _37_ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need
12、 to evaluate yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your youre your goals You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are tim
13、es when your heart is not in your work. _38_ So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward. Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengt
14、hs. Remember that goals are flexible._39_ They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals. Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but cant become one because your eyesight is not good enough._40_You shou
15、ld reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal. You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals. A. This can af
16、fect your work. B. So how should you motivate yourself? C. However, this should not discourage you. D. So why should we try to set specific goals? E. They can change according to circumstances. F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor
17、 reach it 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了 一些方法。 36.G 上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”。 下文说“就像孩子在跳水台， 难以决定”。该空承上启下，G 选项“没有目标，你就既不能设定目标，也无 法实现它”切题，故选 G。 37.B 下文说“不仅如此， 你应该如何为实现你的目标保持积极性”。 该空引出下文， B 选项“那么你应该如何激励自己呢”切题，故选 B。 38.A 上文说“有时候你的心不在工作上”，下文说“所以，减慢速度，想一想那时 候，你到底想干什么”。该空承上启下，A 选项“这会影响你的工作”切题， 故选 A。 39.E 上文
18、说“记得，目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文，E 选项“它们会根据环境的 改变而改变”切题，故选 E。 40.C 上文说“你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不 够好。”下文说“你应该重新评估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标”。该空 承上启下，C 选项“然而，这也不要使你沮丧”切题，故选 C。 【母题来源【母题来源三三】 【2019全国卷III 】 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中 有两项为多余选项。 In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with prof
19、essors is very important. _36_ While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance. Dos _37_ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking quest
20、ions about the course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isnt hiding in plain sight. Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. _38_ Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information.
21、Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same. Donts Dont share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. _39_ Dont openly expre
22、ss annoyance at a professor or class. _40_ When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professors professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments
23、. A. Thats what they are for. B. Turn to an online instructor for help. C. If more information is needed, they will ask. D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails. E. Below are some common dos and don ts for online learners. F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or anot
24、her. G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions. 【语篇解读】本文为说明文。在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式 是非常重要的，作者在文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌。 36.E 根据文章段落结构和本段首句 In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important，可知，在 网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在下文中列举了 一些规矩与禁忌，故选项
25、 E 符合语境。 37.G 根据其后一句 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. （与课程内容相关的问题是受欢迎的） ，解释了什么样的问题是好问题，可知， 与 G 项“make sure they are good, thoughtful questions”相呼应，要提 一些好的令人深思的问题，故选 G。 38.A 根据前一句 Participate in discussion forums（论坛）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.可知，要参与论坛讨论、博客
26、和其他开放 式的对话论坛。而这正是网络课堂采用的交流的途径，故选 A。 39.C 根据本段 Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends 教授不是训练有素的护士，不是经济援助专家，也不是你最好的 朋友，可知，不要分享个人信息或故事，如果他们需要更多信息的话，他们会 主动问起的，故选项 C 符合语境。 40.F 通读本段，并根据本段主题句 Dont openly express annoyance at a professor or class.告诫读者，每个人都可能曾经上过不太好的课，
27、不要在社 交媒体上攻击教授，不要公开表达对教授或班级的不满，要利用课程评价冷静 地提出你的意见。选项 F 符合上下文语境。 【母题来源【母题来源四四】 【2019浙江卷】 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中 有两项为多余选项。 Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music. _31_ At that time the Beatles en
28、tered the world of music from Liverpool. After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. _32_ They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became th
29、e hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说). John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year. _33_ They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beat
30、lemania hit New York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. _34_ The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasion(入侵)by local and nationwide news
31、papers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. _35_ A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964. B. Even their hairstyles
32、became major trends at that time. C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s. D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come. E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles. F. They appeared in the films A Hard Days Night(1964)and Help！(1965).
33、G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS televisions 53rd street studio. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了披头士的发展和影响，引领了一 种潮流趋势。 31. C 第一段讲述摇滚音乐，根据空后的 at that time 可知前句提到了时间，而且与 rock music 有关，选项中只有 C 项讲的是摇滚音乐，并且讲述了其发展的时 间，故选 C。 32. B 空前后都是讲述披头士的出名程度， 根据空前 extremely popular in England, 以及后文的 they be
34、came the hottest thing 可知此处描述了他们的影响，选 项 B （甚至他们的发型在那时也成为了一种潮流）符合文意，且关键词 even 是一个提示，故选 B。 33.A 根据空后 They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.（他们不确定美国人怎样反应） ，可知他们首次来美国演出，所 以 A 项（决定首次到美国开巡回演出）符合文意，故选 A。 34. G 根据空后 The concert was broadcast live可知前句中应该出现 concert， 选项 G 中的
35、关键词 their first concert 前后呼应。故选 G。 35. E 根据空前 （由于披头士， 市场上出现了很多机会） ， E 项 （很多新乐队 （新面孔） 都是模仿披头士） ，符合逻辑。故选 E。 【命题意图】 阅读理解七选五要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个 能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下 文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受英语四六级和考研阅读多项选择题 的影响，体现了新课标用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取 用英语思维的能力。的阅读学习和教学理念。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观 题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之
36、妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现， 考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。 从考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述主要考查考生对文章的整体内 容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。可以得出以下判断：该题备选 项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容） 、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子 （上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置， 例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章 的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。 文章体裁以说明文为主， 语篇模式较为固定： 提出问题提供解决方案。 文章题材较为固定：与学生的日常生活学习紧密相关。 【考试方向】 分析篇章结构，把握全
37、篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键，英语的语篇 （discourse）通常是由句子和语段（sentence group）构成的，语段是句子和 语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能 表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才 能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的积句而成章，积章而成篇。就是这个 道理。 分析文章的层次包含两种形式： 一种是分析整篇文章的层次， 也就是段落， 另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。 语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一 种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文
38、、议论文）中比语段 更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一 个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结 合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，在分析语段层次时，可以 借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关 系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常 清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。 【得分要点】 （1）在阅读过程中，重要要关注文章的首段与末段。尤其是文章的这两段的 末尾句，因为开门见山与末尾点题的写作方式是最为常见的，首段的 末句一般是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些
39、内容，并简要指出文章的写 作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的 主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节 将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则 需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为结尾总结式，如两 者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示 作用。 （2）做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线 索粗，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种 很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的 题，直到
40、读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系 应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。 （3）做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文 构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系， 是否符合该处语境。 能否承接前后的写作线索。 使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。若代入选项后，发现文章写作线索 中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比 分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就 需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。 （4） 切勿随意改答案。 要特别注意的是， 不要仓促的改自己的之前选
41、定的答案。 做这类的题目时，第一印象的可信度还是很高的，除非你已经常有充分的理由 否定向前的选择。 【母题 1】 【广东省深圳市高级中学 2019 届高三适应性考试】 You forgot to set your wake-up alarm. As you slowly come to realize that youre going to be extremely late for school or work, you begin to get into a panic. 1 . So you leave home stressed, hungry and thirsty. If you
42、often start your day in such a stressed state, then youll be sure to benefit from the suggestions below. Wake up on time. Waking up on time (or even early) is necessary to start your day positively. 2 And you wont need to rush around at the last minute. Make your bed. Making your bed is probably the
43、 last thing you think about when you are prepared in the morning. This habit may be okay for students, but if you want to increase your motivation and productivity, you should definitely make your bed. 3 . Take a 10-minute walk in the morning. If you have a dog, then this will be an easy task for yo
44、u. However, even if you dont own a dog, why not try walking for 10 minutes outside every morning? 4 . 5 Organized people tend to do this work. It helps them keep track of what needs doing at home, work and beyond. The morning time is perfect for checking your to-do list. You may also find that you c
45、an delete some items that you completed the previous day. A. Check your to-do list. B. Theres no time for any food or drink. C. Write down things youre grateful for. D. Fresh air and exercise will make you feel more energetic. E. It will give you space and time to complete your morning routine. F. Y
46、oull be rewarded by a tidy room, and a feeling of self-satisfaction. G. Each morning is the start of a new day, so why not learn something new? 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。假如你忘了设置闹钟，意识到上课或上班 要迟到，你会又饿又渴带着压力离开家。如果你经常以这种压力状态开始你的 一天，那么你一定会从本文的建议中受益。 1.B 下文提示“所以你带着压力离开家，又饿又渴。”承接下文，B项 Theres no time for any food or dri
47、nk.（没有时间吃东西或喝饮料。 ）切题。故选 B。 2.E 上文提示“准时起床(甚至早起)是积极开始一天的必要条件。”承接上文，E项 It will give you space and time to complete your morning routine.（它会给你空间和时 间来完成你早上的例行公事。 ） 切题。 该项中的it指上文中的Waking up on time， 故选 E。 3.F 上文提示“这个习惯对学生来说可能是可以的， 但是如果你想提高你的动力和效 率，你绝对应该整理你的床。”承接上文，F项 Youll be rewarded by a tidy room, and
48、a feeling of self-satisfaction.（你会得到一个整洁的房间和一种自我满足的感 觉。 ）切题。故选 F。 4.D 上文提示“然而，即使你没有养狗，为什么不试着每天早上在户外散步 10 分钟 呢?”承接上文，D项 Fresh air and exercise will make you feel more energetic.（新 鲜空气和锻炼会让你感觉更有活力。 ）切题。故选 D。 5.A 此空是段落首句，用段小精悍的祈使句，应该在 A/C中选。再根据空格下文“有 条理的人倾向于做这项工作。”可知，A项 Check your to-do list.（检查你的待办 事项
49、清单。 ）切题。故选 A。 【母题 2】 【广东省汕头市 2019 届高三第二次模拟】 Rising through stages to realize ourselves Many modern people have the problem that they dont know who they are and what their purpose is. 1 Once high school seniors graduate, they seem to lose their identity. They once studied hard. But after they stop working, they begin to lose their way. In the theory of the Hierarchy of Needs （需求理论） , Abraham
