1、 Exs and Warming-up Object clause(宾语从句）宾语从句） Predicative clauses（表语从句）（表语从句） Subject clause (主语从句）主语从句） 宾语从句注意事项：宾语从句注意事项： 1.连接词连接词 who, whom, whoever, whomever when, where, how, why, if, whether that 2. 并列宾语从句从第二个从句开始要带并列宾语从句从第二个从句开始要带that Having checked the doors were closed, and that all the ligh
2、ts were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. 3. 宾语从句宾语从句-陈述语气。陈述语气。 4. 宾语从句宾语从句-时态、人称、时间、地点的变化时态、人称、时间、地点的变化 表语从句的构成：表语从句的构成： （系动词系动词）+ 引导词引导词+简单句简单句 What I want to say is that I am tired. 引导词引导词 表语从句表语从句 应注意的问题：应注意的问题： 1. 连系动词连系动词be，appear，seem，look等之后可以跟等之后可以跟 表语从句。表语从句。 It was because he
3、didnt pass the exam. It seems（that）he was late for the train. It appears that she was wrong. It seems to me that we should answer for this. It appears to her that he wants to teach us all he has. 2. 2. 引导表语从句的引导词有以引导表语从句的引导词有以 下几类。下几类。 1）wh-疑问词疑问词 My question is who left. 我想问的是谁离开了。我想问的是谁离开了。 What I
4、 wonder is when he left. 我想知道他是何时离开的。我想知道他是何时离开的。 Thats what he wants. 那是他想要的。那是他想要的。 This is where they once lived. 这就是他们曾经住过的地方。这就是他们曾经住过的地方。 That is why he didnt come here. 这就是他为这就是他为 何没到这儿来的原因。何没到这儿来的原因。 2）whether My question is whether he left（or not）. 我的问题是他是否离开了。我的问题是他是否离开了。 注：注：ifif不能引导表语从句。
5、不能引导表语从句。 3）that The fact is that he left. 事实是他离开了。事实是他离开了。 The truth is that I didnt go there. 事实是事实是 我没去那儿。我没去那儿。 4）because，as，as if，as though Its just because he doesnt know her. 这是仅仅因为他不认识她。这是仅仅因为他不认识她。 Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不总是如其表象。事物并不总是如其表象。 He looks as if hes tired. 他好
6、像累了。他好像累了。 主语从句主语从句 （Noun Clauses as the Subject） 用作主语的从句叫主语从句，用作主语的从句叫主语从句，构成：主语构成：主语 从句从句+动词动词+表语或简单句表语或简单句 What I want is this (why he is absent) 1) 由由what等代词引起的主语从句：等代词引起的主语从句： What the teacher said today was quite right. 2) 由连词由连词that引起的主语从句：引起的主语从句： That they are badly in need of help is quite
7、 clear. 他们急需帮助，这是十分明显的。他们急需帮助，这是十分明显的。 但是这类句子在大多数情况下会放到整个句子的后部去，但是这类句子在大多数情况下会放到整个句子的后部去， 而用代词而用代词it作形式主语。作形式主语。 3) 由连接代词或连接副词以及由连接代词或连接副词以及whether 引起的主语从句。引起的主语从句。 Whether they will sell the house is not yet decided. 4) whatever, whoever也可引导主语从句。也可引导主语从句。 Whatever was said here must be kept secret.
8、 这里说的话都应当保密。这里说的话都应当保密。 Whoever makes mistakes must correct them. 凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。 注意注意: 上述例句中的主语从句都是放在上述例句中的主语从句都是放在 句首句首, 但有时为了使句子结构平衡但有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免避免 “头重脚轻”“头重脚轻”, 常用常用 it 作形式主语作形式主语, 而而 把从句放在后面。把从句放在后面。 例如例如: It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯了这样一个错误她犯了这样一个错误, 真是遗憾。真是遗
9、憾。 这样就构成了下面一些常用句型这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + adj. / n. +从句从句 It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是遗憾的是 It is possible that. 很可能很可能 It is unlikely that. 不可能不可能 2) It +不及物动词不及物动词+从句从句 It seems/appears that. 似乎似乎 It happened that. 碰巧碰巧 3) It + be +过去分词过去分词+从句从句 It is said that. 据说据说 It is known to all that. 众所周
10、知众所周知 It is reported that. 据报道据报道 It is believed that. 据信据信;人们相信人们相信 It is suggested that. 有人建议有人建议 It must be pointed out that. 必须指出必须指出 It has been proved that. 已证明已证明. 如如: It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed. 据信据信, 至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻 底毁掉。底毁掉。 5) . 用于用于It is important / natural / necessary / impossible that.句型中句型中, 主语从句应使用虚拟语气主语从句应使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用谓语动词用 “should + 动词原形动词原形”的形式的形式, should 有时有感情色彩。有时有感情色彩。 Assignments 1.EW No. 7 Page 1 2. Reading No.1 3. Zuo Yeben Reading
