1、英 语第一页，共45页。第31讲动词(dngc)及动词(dngc)短语第二页，共45页。【真题体验(tyn)】1The medicine _A_ awful.I cant stand it.I know，Jimmy.But its helpful for you.(2014，昆明)Atastes Beats Cdrinks Dtakes2Could you please have a walk with me？(2014，泰安)Sorry，I _C_I have something important to do now.Amustnt Bneednt Ccant Dmay not第三页，共4
2、5页。3Where are you going？(2014，台州)To the library.Ive finished reading this book，so Im going to _C_ it.Abuy Bthrow Creturn Dborrow4Jim，you look sleepy.Whats wrong？(2014，随州)I _C_ to write a report last night.Alooked up Bended upCstayed up Dtook up第四页，共45页。5Look，someone left a book.(2014，菏泽(h z)Oh，yeah.
3、This book _B_ be Kittys.Only she likes to read this kind of books.Acan Bmust Cmay Dmight6I like the dress very much.It _A_ comfortable.(2014，聊城)Afeels Btastes Csounds Dsmells第五页，共45页。【考点梳理】动词与动词短语是中考考查(koch)的重点之一。考查(koch)的范围有：行为动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词或动词及动词短语间的辨析。1第三人称单数形式的构成一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化
4、规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同。规则变化动词原形第三人称单数形式及读音一般在动词词尾加s(s在清辅音后读/s/，s在浊辅音后读/z/)work第六页，共45页。growworks/s/grows/z/以s，x，sh，ch或o结尾的动词加es(es读/Iz/，o后的es读/z/)guessmixfinishcatchgoguesses/Iz/mixes/Iz/finishes/Iz/catches/Iz/第七页，共45页。goes/z/以字母e结尾的动词，直接加s(s读/z/或/s/)writelikewrites/z/likes/s/以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加es(ies读/Iz
5、/)studycarrystudies/Iz/carries/Iz/以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加s(s读/z/)playsayplays/z/says/z/不规则变化(binhu)的有havehas等。第八页，共45页。2现在分词(fn c)的构成规则变化动词原形现在分词一般在动词后加inghelpworkhelpingworking以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e再加ingwritemovewritingmoving以y结尾的动词，直接加ingplay第九页，共45页。studyplayingstudying以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加inggetbegingett
6、ingbeginning以ie结尾的名词，一般将ie改为y，再加ingliedielyingdying第十页，共45页。3.过去(guq)式和过去(guq)分词的构成规则变化规则变化动词原形过去式、过去分词及其读音一般在动词词尾加ed(在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音后读d，在t和d后读/Id/)askanswerwantneedaskedasked/t/answeredanswered/d/wantedwanted/Id/neededneeded/Id/以不发音的e结尾的动词，只加d(读/d/)lovedancelovedloved/d/danceddanced/d/第十一页，共45页。以辅音字
7、母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加ed(读/d/)trystudytriedtried/d/studiedstudied/d/以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加ed(读/d/)playstayplayedplayed/d/stayedstayed/d/以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ed(在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音后读/d/，在t和d后读/Id/)stopplanstoppedstopped/t/plannedplanned/d/不规则变化需单独(dnd)记忆。第十二页，共45页。高频考点一实义动词词义辨析实义动词能独立作谓语，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
8、1及物动词及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句子句意完整。如love，need，want等。它主要用于三种句型(j xn)中：动词宾语如：I bought some books yesterday.我昨天买了一些书。(bought后有宾语books，为及物动词)动词宾语宾补动词间接宾语直接宾语第十三页，共45页。2不及物动词不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不需接宾语(bny)。如：He listened but could not hear.他留神听，但没有听见。(listen后无宾语(bny)，为不及物动词)若不及物动词需要带宾语(bny)，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语(bny)。有的动词既可作及
9、物动词，也可作不及物动词。如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)She sang an English song just now.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)第十四页，共45页。【例1】Do you often watch Man and Nature on TV？(2014，丽水(l shu)Sometimes.Its an interesting program，but I _ A _ Sports News.Aprefer Bwant Cknow Dreview点拨：prefer“更喜欢”；want“想要”；know“知道”；r
10、eview“复习”。句意“你经常在电视上看人与自然吗？”“有时看，这是一个有趣的节目，但我更喜欢看体育新闻。”第十五页，共45页。【例2】My brother _ B _ to move the heavy box，but I didnt give up.(2014，孝感)Areminded BrefusedCagreed Dconsidered点拨：remind“提醒；使想起”；refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”；agree to do sth.“同意(tngy)做某事”；consider“考虑；认为”。句意“我的哥哥拒绝搬这个箱子，但是我不放弃。”B项符合句意。第十六页，共4
11、5页。高频考点二系动词和助动词的用法1系动词本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语。用来表示主语状态的系动词只有be(am，is，are，was，were)；用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有keep，stay，remain，stand等；表象系动词有look，seem，appear等；表示人的感觉(gnju)的系动词有feel，smell，sound，taste等；表变化的系动词有become，get，grow，turn等。第十七页，共45页。2助动词本身(bnshn)无意义或意义不完整，不能独立用作谓语。它须与别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。
12、常用助动词有be，have，has，do，does，did，will和shall等。【例3】This kind of peach looks really nice，but it _ A very sour.(2014，宁波)Atastes Blooks Cfeels Dsounds点拨：taste“尝起来”；look“看起来”；feel“摸起来”；sound“听起来”。句意“这种桃子看起来真的不错，但尝起来很酸”。第十八页，共45页。【例4】Do you like watching TV?No，but my brother_ A _.Adoes Bdo Cis Dlikes点拨：通常我们用助
13、动词替代上文提到的动词，以免重复。my brother为第三人称(d sn rn chn)单数，故“does”符合题意。第十九页，共45页。高频考点三情态动词的用法情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称(rnchng)和数的变化。1can(could)表能力，could表过去的能力。can与be able to的意义基本相同。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to能用于各种时态。表可能性。表许可。口语中可代替may。cant表有把握的否定判断，意为“不可能”。could在口语中，常代替can来向对方比
14、较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时could不表示过去时。第二十页，共45页。2may(might)用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”。口语性较强。might可以指过去时间(shjin)；也可指现在时间(shjin)，语气更委婉。表猜测和对可能性的判断，意为“可能；也许”。might可以指过去时间(shjin)；也可指现在时间(shjin)，语气更加不肯定。第二十一页，共45页。3must表说话人的主观意志，意为“必须，应该”。无时态变化。其否定答语常用neednt或dont have to，意为“不必”。注意：have to意为“不得不；必须”，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态
15、，且有人称和数的变化。must本身的否定形式mustnt意为“不许；一定不要”，表示禁止和告诫(goji)。表示对事物的推测，意为“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句。且比may的语气要肯定得多。第二十二页，共45页。4would作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与like，love连用。5should表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于(y y)做)，用于各种人称。表推测，意为“想必；一定；照说；应该；估计”等。第二十三页，共45页。【例5】Here is my phone number.You _ B _ call me anytime you like.(2014，丽水)Amust Bcan Cs
16、hould Dneed点拨：must“必须”；can“能够；可以”；should“应该”；need“必须”。由句意“这是我的电话号码，任何(rnh)时候你都可以给我打电话。”可知应选B。【例6】Is the longhaired man Bruce？(2014，聊城)No，it _ A _ be him.Hes in New York now.Acant Bmustnt Cneednt Dmay not点拨：cant“不可能”；mustnt“禁止，不允许”；neednt“不必”；may not“可能不”。由答句第二句话“他现在在纽约”。可推断那个长发的男人不可能是布鲁斯。第二十四页，共45页。
17、【例7】Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you，Dad?No，you_ D _，son，youre free to make your own decision.(2013，上海)Acant BmustntCshouldnt Dneednt点拨：对“Must I？”句型的否定(fudng)回答应为“No，you neednt.”或“No，you dont have to.”第二十五页，共45页。高频考点四动词(dngc)短语动词(dngc)短语指动词(dngc)跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定词语。1动词(dngc)短语的分类：
18、动词(dngc)介词arrive in(at)，ask for，begin with，be from，come from，get to，laugh at，look for，send for，wait for及物动词(dngc)副词find out，give up，look up，put on，pick up，take off，take away，turn on，turn off，think over第二十六页，共45页。不及物动词(dngc)副词get up，go on，grow up，set off，stand up，take off(起飞)动词(dngc)副词介词get on(along)
19、with，catch up with，come up with，go on with，look forward to动词(dngc)名词介词take part in，make friends with，take care ofbe形容词介词be good at，be interested in，be good for，be worried about第二十七页，共45页。2初中阶段常用短语如下：look短语look for寻找；look after照顾；look over查看；look forward to渴望，向往；look at看着；look up抬头看，查找；look into 调查；l
20、ook out当心；look like看起来像；look the same看起来一样；look through浏览put短语put off推迟；put on 穿上，上演；put away 收拾好；put out扑灭；put down写下；put back放回；put up 举起，建造(jinzo)，张贴第二十八页，共45页。turn短语turn on打开；turn off关掉；turn up把音量开大一点；turn down把音量开小一点；turn into变成；turn over翻开，翻转；turn into把变成get短语get on/along(well)with与某人(mu rn)相处
21、(融洽)；get up起床；get on上车(船、飞机、马)；get off下车(船、飞机、马)；get back回去；get back to回到；get down下来；get home到家；get into进入，陷入；get out(of)(从)出去；get to到达；get together聚会第二十九页，共45页。take短语take off(飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣服)；take in吸收，上当；take away拿走；take out取出；take on雇佣，呈现；take down取下；take up占据，开始从事，拿起agree短语agree with同意某人的(意见、想法、分析、解
22、释)；agree to同意(计划(jhu)、办法)；agree to do sth.同意做某事第三十页，共45页。go短语go over温习，复习；go swimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing/hunting/camping去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营；go into走进；go out出去，熄灭；go away走开；go back回去(hu q)，回顾；go up上升，攀登；go by时间流逝，从旁经过；go for为而去；go on继续；go through经历；go to school去上学；go home回家；go to the
23、doctor去看医生come短语come along进展；come in进来；come into进入；come out出来，出版；come down下来；come from来自；come back回来；come across偶然遇到；come over过来；come home回家；come into use开始使用；come on快，得啦，跟着来，加油第三十一页，共45页。give短语give up放弃；give off放出，发出(气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等)；give out精疲力竭，累倒，耗尽，用完；give away泄露(xilu)，赠送；give in屈服，让步，投降make短语m
24、ake a decision作出决定；make sb.do sth.让某人做某事；make a mistake犯错误；make progress取得进步；make friends with与交朋友；make up编造，虚构，打扮，构成，组成；make a face做鬼脸第三十二页，共45页。be短语be friendly/kind to对友好；be different from与不同；be afraid of害怕；be popular with受欢迎；be interested in对感兴趣；be strict with sb.对某人严格；be strict in sth.对某事严格；be f
25、amous/known as作为出名；be surprised at对惊讶；be pleased with对满意；be proud of对感到自豪；be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌；be good for对有好处；be good at擅长于；be made up of由构成；be angry with对某人生气；be busy with忙于；be full of/filled with装满；be late for迟到call短语call at拜访(bifng)，后接地点；call on拜访(bifng)，后接被拜访(bifng)的对象；号召；call back回电
26、话；call up打电话，使回忆起；call for 叫某人同往某处第三十三页，共45页。电话，使回忆起；call for 叫某人同往某处【例8】Do you _ A _ your son abe短语be friendly/kind to对友好；be different from与不同；be afraid of害怕；be popular with受欢迎(hunyng)；be interested in对感兴趣；be strict with sb.对某人严格；be strict in sth.对某事严格；be famous/known as作为出名；be surprised at对惊讶；be p
27、leased with对满意；be proud of对感到自豪；be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌；be good for对有好处；be good at擅长于；be made up of由构成；be angry with对某人生气；be busy with忙于；be full of/filled with装满；be late for迟到call短语call at拜访，后接地点；call on拜访，后接被拜访的对象；号召；call back回电话；call up打电话，使回忆起；call for 叫某人同往某处第三十四页，共45页。fter school？(2014，
28、绍兴)No.He comes back home on the school bus.Apick up Blook afterCdrop in Dsend for点拨：pick up“拿起，拾起，接(某人)”；look after“照顾”；drop in“顺便拜访”；send for“派人去取(q q)，召唤”。由答句“他坐校车回家”。可推知问句为“放学后你接你儿子回家吗？”第三十五页，共45页。【例9】My parents ask me to _ C _ myself when they go out.(2014，义乌)Abring Bthink ofClook after Dagree w
29、ith点拨：bring up“抚育”；think of“想起”；look after“照顾”；agree with“同意”。句意为“父母(fm)要求我在他们外出时照顾自己。”第三十六页，共45页。【例10】Ann is going on a tour of Xian，and she wants to_ B _ Chinese history.(2013，江西)Adream of Blearn aboutClook through Dpass on点拨：dream of“梦到；梦想”；learn about“了解”；look through“浏览”；pass on“传递”。由前半句句意“安打算(
30、d sun)到西安旅行”可知，后半句句意为“她想了解中国的历史”。第三十七页，共45页。1How do you like the fish I cooked for you？(2014，菏泽(h z)I havent had it yet.However，it _A_ good.Asmells Btastes Csounds Dfeels2Bob，where is Linda？(2014，威海)She _B_ be in the library，but I am not sure.Amust Bmay Cneed Dhas to第三十八页，共45页。3Good manners can make
31、 people _A_ each other.(2014，兰州)Aget on well with Bget offCget over Dget away4Must I hand in my homework now，Mr.Smith?No，you _D_(2014，北京(bi jn)Acant Bshouldnt Cwouldnt Dneednt5The vegetable soup _B_ delicious.Can I have more？(2014，德州)Alooks Btastes Csounds Dfeels第三十九页，共45页。6Lets go climbing，shall we
32、？(2014，绍兴(sho xn)You _C_ be joking！Dont you know Im afraid of high places?Amay Bcan Cmust Dshould7The girl is greatly interested in the song.The lyrics of it _A_ her thoughts and feelings.(2014，平凉)Aexpress Bdiscuss Cexpect Dimagine8As time _A_，youll come to think of English as your friend and love i
33、t.(2014，安徽)Agoes by Bruns outCtakes off Dturns up第四十页，共45页。9_B_ you leave now？You only arrived here an hour ago.Sorry，but so much homework is waiting for me.(2014，宁波)AMay BMust CCan DMight10Do you know the price of the ticket?Yes.Each_B_￥180.(2013，济宁)Apays Bcosts Ctakes Dspends第四十一页，共45页。11He_C_an E
34、nglish club last year and has improved his English a lot.(2013，天津(tin jn)Aprotected BproducedCjoined Dreceived12Dinner is ready.Help yourself!Wow！It_C_delicious.You are really good at cooking.(2013，孝感)Alooks Bsounds Ctastes Dfeels第四十二页，共45页。13May I smoke here?No，you_B_This is a nosmoking room.(2013，
35、泰安)Aneednt BmustntCcouldnt Dwouldnt14The great writer has written many stories for children.It is said that a new one will_B_at the end of this month.(2013，丽水(l shu)、金华)Ago out Bcome outClook out Drun out第四十三页，共45页。15Andrea Bocelli never_D_，which makes him a successful singer.(2013，温州)Atakes away Bg
36、ives awayCgets up Dgives up16_C_a light when necessary.You will bring light to other people and yourself.(2013，河南(h nn)ATry on BGet on CTurn on DPut on第四十四页，共45页。17The Olympic Games of 2016 will_C_in Brazil.(2013，临沂)Atake after Btake offCtake place Dtake away18If Ted can_B_his difficulties，hell make great progress.(2013，乌鲁木齐)Acome over Bget overCget off Dcome out19The local people like that Italian restaurant because it_D_both delicious food and good service.(2013，东营)Auses Bwants Cshares Dprovides第四十五页，共45页。
