1、英语简单句的五种基本句型,英语五种基本句型：1.+ (主谓)2.+ (主系表)3.+ (主谓宾)4.+IO +D(主谓间宾 直宾）5.+ + +O(主谓宾 宾补),基本句型 I + +（主系表） 此句型的句子谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。,本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成。系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep,;3.表示状态变化的 become, get, tu
2、rn, go, fall,grow;,be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义,Our English teacher is thirty years old.,The cake tastes delicious.,We feel tired.,The potatoes went bad in the fields.,Their teacher seems surprised.,Deep water stays still.,练习,1今天我感觉不太舒服。2 他看上去很累。3 你的汤味道很好。4 她似乎对计划不感兴趣。,I dont feel very wel
3、l today.,He looks very tired.,Your soup tastes very good.,She doesnt seem very interested in the plan.,5 天越来越冷了。6 孩子不久就睡着了。7 他长得相当高了。8 听到这消息她脸色变得苍白。,Its getting cold.,Soon the child fell asleep.,She went pale at the news.,He has grown quite tall.,基本句型 II +（主谓） 此句型的句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟
4、副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。,如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.2. So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to help farmers pick fresh apple.4. She sat under the tree alone, reading a novel written by Hellen Keller.5. Weak building
5、s will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.,练习,1鸟在飞翔。2她的宝宝在哭。3太阳正在落山。4谁也没笑。,Birds are flying.,Her baby is crying.,The sun is setting.,No one laughed.,练习2,5你唱得很美。6 我咳了一夜。7 我们很少在外边吃饭。8 。昨晚我睡得好。,You sing beautifully.,I coughed all night.,We seldom eat out.,I slept well last night.,基
6、本句型 III + +（主谓宾） 此句型句子的共同特点是谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。 宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。,如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.
7、5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 7. Mother promises to give me a present.,练习1,1.我很喜欢南充。2 他们八点吃早餐。3 去年汤姆丢了。两辆自行车。,I like Nanchong a lot .,They had breakfast at 8:00.,Tom lost two bicycles last year.,基本句型 IV+IO +D(主谓间宾直宾) 此句型的句子谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是指人，另一个是指物, 通常指人的宾语用一个介词（to或for）来连
8、接，当指人的宾语在指物的宾语之前时，这一介词往往被省略。,说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如： She brings me cookies every day.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如： She brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend
9、, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。,练习,1 她给我们唱了一首英文歌曲。2 我去给你沏点新鲜茶。3 这会省去你很多麻烦。4 请帮我把今天的报纸拿来。,She sang us an English song.,Ill make you some fresh tea.,That will save you
10、a lot of trouble.,Please give me todays paper.,基本句型 V +（主谓宾宾补） 此句型的句子特点是： 动词虽然是及物动词，但是一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整。,英语基本句型: 主+谓+宾+补 说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You mus
11、t get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on. 用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,常用的带复合宾语的动词think, consider, feel, find, have, see, hear, notice, get, leave, ask, tell,etc
12、.,练习1,1我们必须保持教室干净 。2 她让我们很开心。3 他发现这工作很有意思。4 什么使你这样生气？,She makes us happy.,He found the job quite interesting.,What made you so angry?,We must keep our classroom clean.,比 较I found the book easily.（S V O AD)I found the book easy. (S V O OC),He often looks very careful.He often looks carefully at me.,S V P,S V prep O,Bye-bye !,
