1、第第1818课课 八年级下册八年级下册Units 910重点词汇与短语重点词汇与短语1.population 观察思考观察思考 More than three quarters of the population are Chinese.超过四分之三的人口是中国人。超过四分之三的人口是中国人。What is the population of Wenzhou?温州的人口有多少？温州的人口有多少？归纳拓展归纳拓展population 指人口总数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但当指人口总数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但当population前有分数、百分数等修饰时，谓语动词用复数形式。前有分数、百分
2、数等修饰时，谓语动词用复数形式。population还可以被还可以被large/small修饰，表示修饰，表示“人口众多或稀人口众多或稀少少”，但不被，但不被many/few修饰，问询人口多少常用句型：修饰，问询人口多少常用句型：What is the population of.？意为？意为“人口有多少？人口有多少？”注：注：many/few可修饰可修饰people,How many people意为意为“多少多少人？人？”What is the population of Hangzhou?相当于相当于 How many people are there in Hangzhou?即学即用即
3、学即用1：()The population of Shanghai is _ than that of Wenzhou.A.more B.fewer C.larger D.smallerC2.look through 观察思考观察思考 Two people are looking through the books in the bookstore.两个人正在书店里浏览书籍。两个人正在书店里浏览书籍。归纳拓展归纳拓展 look through 意为意为“浏览浏览”。与与look有关的词组有：有关的词组有：look at看着；看着；have a look看一下；看一下；look for寻找；寻找
4、；look like看起来像；看起来像；look after 照料；照料；look up(在书中在书中)查阅；查阅；look the same看起来一样；看起来一样；look around四周环顾；四周环顾；look down on 轻视，看不起；轻视，看不起；look forward to 盼望，期待；盼望，期待；look out注意；注意；look over仔细检查；仔细检查；look up and down上下打量。上下打量。即学即用即学即用2：()(1)Robert is old enough to _ himself.A.look out B.look through C.look
5、for D.look after()(2)When you do not understand a word,you can it _ in this dictionary.A.look;for B.look;up C.look;at D.look;likeDB3.end up 观察思考观察思考 The boats take different routes,but they all end up in the same place.船走的是不同的路线，但他们结束在同一地方。船走的是不同的路线，但他们结束在同一地方。We get excited about something and then
6、 end up speaking in Chinese.我们对某些事感到很兴奋，然后以讲中文结束。我们对某些事感到很兴奋，然后以讲中文结束。The party ended up with the song I Wish You Peace.晚会以一曲晚会以一曲祝你平安祝你平安结束。结束。归纳拓展归纳拓展end up 动词短语，意为动词短语，意为“结束结束”，end up doing sth.finish doing sth.表示表示“结束干结束干”。end up with 表示表示“以以结束结束”，与之相对应的短语有：，与之相对应的短语有：start/begin with。即学即用即学即用3：
7、(1)He and listened to me.他结束写作，然后仔细听我说。他结束写作，然后仔细听我说。(2)At the dinner we usually begin with soup,and fruit.在宴会上，开始的一道菜通常是汤，最后的一道是水果。在宴会上，开始的一道菜通常是汤，最后的一道是水果。ended up writingend up with重点句型重点句型1.And you can see Disney Characters walking around Disneyland all the time.并且你能看到迪士尼人物一直在迪士尼乐园走动。并且你能看到迪士尼人物
8、一直在迪士尼乐园走动。典例体验典例体验 I saw him repair his bike.我看见他修理他的自行车。我看见他修理他的自行车。Perhaps we have seen young children playing together.可能我们曾见过小孩子们正一起玩。可能我们曾见过小孩子们正一起玩。归纳拓展归纳拓展see sb.do sth.表示表示“看见某人做了某事看见某人做了某事”，强调看到某人做，强调看到某人做某事的事实或做某事的全过程。某事的事实或做某事的全过程。see sb.doing sth.表示表示“看见某人正在做某事看见某人正在做某事”，强调只是看，强调只是看到某人做
9、某事的部分阶段，但不强调做完或没有必要说明是到某人做某事的部分阶段，但不强调做完或没有必要说明是否看到做完。否看到做完。用法相类似的词：用法相类似的词：hear;watch;notice。注：注：see/watch/notice动词原形，作宾语补足语，但在被动动词原形，作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中要加上语态中要加上to。即学即用即学即用4：(1)This morning I saw him (do)his homework,but I dont know whether he has finished it or not.(2)This morning I saw him (do)his ho
10、mework for some time and then play basketball.(3)He was seen (do)his homework this morning.doingdoto do2.It is a nice day,isnt it?典例体验典例体验 The bus stops here,doesnt it?Yes,it does.公共汽车停在这儿，是吗？是的。公共汽车停在这儿，是吗？是的。He wont come back,does he?Yes,he does.他不会回来，是吗？不，他会回来。他不会回来，是吗？不，他会回来。There was little wat
11、er in the glass,was there？玻璃杯里几乎没水，是吗？玻璃杯里几乎没水，是吗？Dont smoke here,will you?不要在这儿吸烟，好吗？不要在这儿吸烟，好吗？I think he is a good man,isnt he?我认为他是一个好人，是吗？我认为他是一个好人，是吗？归纳拓展归纳拓展此处所列的是反意疑问句。反意疑问句指说话人对所陈述的事此处所列的是反意疑问句。反意疑问句指说话人对所陈述的事情有所怀情有所怀 疑或不确定，想通过对方的回答来加以肯定或否定，疑或不确定，想通过对方的回答来加以肯定或否定，结构为结构为“陈述句陈述句 反意疑问句反意疑问句”，遵
12、循，遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯前肯后否，前否后肯”原则。疑问句的助动词及主语应与陈述部分保持一致。原则。疑问句的助动词及主语应与陈述部分保持一致。注：陈述部分若含有注：陈述部分若含有never,few,little,hardly,nothing等具有否定等具有否定意义的词时，后面的疑问部分用肯定形式。意义的词时，后面的疑问部分用肯定形式。祈使句的反意疑问句中，陈述部分无论是肯定还是否定，后面祈使句的反意疑问句中，陈述部分无论是肯定还是否定，后面的疑问部分都用的疑问部分都用will you？，但？，但Lets.反意疑问部分要用反意疑问部分要用shall we?即学即用即学即用5：(1)The ol
13、d man has been to Taiwan,he?(2)He can play the guitar,he?(3)She hardly eats junk food,she?()(4)John had a short walk after lunch,_？(2011杭州杭州)A.did he B.didnt he C.had he D.hadnt he()(5)Jim is never late for school,is he?_.Mr.Liu is angry with him.A.No,he isnt B.No,he is C.Yes,he is D.Yes,he isnthasn
14、tcantdoesBC3.Ive never been to a water park.我从未去过水上公园。我从未去过水上公园。Me_neither.我也没去过。我也没去过。典例体验典例体验 He didnt go to school yesterday.Me neither.昨天他没去上学，我也没去。昨天他没去上学，我也没去。He didnt go to school yesterday.I didnt go to school,either.He didnt go to school yesterday.Neither/Nor did I.He has an EnglishChinese
15、dictionary.Me too.他有一本英汉字典，我也有。他有一本英汉字典，我也有。He has an EnglishChinese dictionary,I have an English Chinese dictionary,too.He has an EnglishChinese dictionary,so do I.归纳拓展归纳拓展这种句型为：这种句型为：so系动词系动词/助动词助动词/情态动词主语。属倒装语序。情态动词主语。属倒装语序。表示上句的主语做了什么，下句中的主语也做了同样的事情。表示上句的主语做了什么，下句中的主语也做了同样的事情。意为意为“也是这样，也是如此也是这样，
16、也是如此”。so代替上文所讲的动作或状代替上文所讲的动作或状态，态，so后的动词类型和时态应和前一句中保持一致。后的动词类型和时态应和前一句中保持一致。neither/nor系动词系动词/情态动词情态动词/助动词主语。表示主语与上文助动词主语。表示主语与上文所述的人或物有相同的否定概念。所述的人或物有相同的否定概念。即学即用即学即用6：()(1)Tom cant speak Chinese,_.A.neither can Linda B.neither Linda can C.Linda can neither D.can Linda neither()(2)If you want to go
17、 to see the movie this evening,so _ I (2011安徽安徽)A.do B.am C.will D.shouldAC4.It was because I could speak English that I got the job.观察思考观察思考 They will have a meeting in the hall tomorrow.他们明天会在大厅里开会。他们明天会在大厅里开会。强调主语：强调主语：It is they that/who will have a meeting in the hall tomorrow.就是他们明天要在大厅里开会。就是他
18、们明天要在大厅里开会。强调宾语：强调宾语：It is a meeting that they will have in the hall tomorrow.就是这个会议，他们明天要在大厅里开。就是这个会议，他们明天要在大厅里开。强调地点状语：强调地点状语：It is in the hall that they will have a meeting tomorrow.就是在这个大厅，他们明天要在那儿开会。就是在这个大厅，他们明天要在那儿开会。强调时间状语：强调时间状语：It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting in the hall.就是明天，他
19、们要在大厅里开会。就是明天，他们要在大厅里开会。归纳拓展归纳拓展It is/was 被强调部分被强调部分 that/who/whom 句子剩余部分。这句子剩余部分。这个句型用来强调除谓语以外的各种句子成分，被强调部分必须个句型用来强调除谓语以外的各种句子成分，被强调部分必须放在放在it is/was 后面，如果强调的部分是人，可以用后面，如果强调的部分是人，可以用who/whom 来代替来代替that。即学即用即学即用7：()_was five years ago _ I traveled to Hainan.A.It;when B.This;when C.It;that D.This;tha
20、tC5.Have you ever travelled to another province of China?典例体验典例体验 I have finished my homework.我已经做完作业了。我已经做完作业了。I have lived in Shanghai since I was ten years old.我从十岁起就住在上海。我从十岁起就住在上海。He has kept my bike for five days.他借我的自行车有五天了。他借我的自行车有五天了。I have read the book three times.这本书我看了三遍。这本书我看了三遍。归纳拓展归纳
21、拓展现在完成时的基本结构：现在完成时的基本结构：have/hasdone.常与常与ever,never,already,yet,before,so far，“for时间段时间段”，“since时间点时间点”等连用。等连用。注：当与注：当与for,since连用时，短暂性动词须换成延续性动词或连用时，短暂性动词须换成延续性动词或表状态的形容词或介词短语。表状态的形容词或介词短语。例：例：comebe in;leavebe away;openbe open;closebe closed;begin/startbe on;borrowkeep;buyhave等。等。即学即用即学即用8：()(1)I
22、_ my hometown for a long time,I really miss it！(2011重庆重庆)A.left B.went away from C.have left D.have been away from()(2)I have lived in this city _ I was born.A.since B.when C.for D.before(3)The class began half an hour ago.The class for half an hour.DAhas been on易混辨异易混辨异1.have been to,have gone to,h
23、ave been in 观察思考观察思考 He has been to Beijing.他去过北京。他去过北京。He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。他去北京了。He has been in Beijing for ten years.他在北京呆了十年了。他在北京呆了十年了。归纳拓展归纳拓展 have been to 表示表示“去过某地，现在已经回来了去过某地，现在已经回来了”。have gone to 表示表示“去某地了，现在还没有回来去某地了，现在还没有回来”。have been in 表示表示“在某地多久了在某地多久了”。即学即用即学即用9：()(1)Wheres J
24、oan?She _ America.She will be back in three days.A.has been to B.has gone to C.has been in D.has gone()(2)I have never _ Mountain Emei.A.been to B.gone to C.been D.goneBA()(3)Why dont they go to the museum?They _ there twice.A.have been to B.have gone to C.have been in D.have been()(4)We _ the city
25、for two months.A.have gone to B.have been to C.have been in D.have beenDC2.it,one,that 观察思考观察思考 How nice your watch is!Where did you buy it?I want to buy one.你的手表真漂亮！你在哪儿买的，我想买一块。你的手表真漂亮！你在哪儿买的，我想买一块。The weather in Beijing is different from that in Wenzhou.北京的天气和温州的天气不一样。北京的天气和温州的天气不一样。归纳拓展归纳拓展it 可用
26、来指代前文提到的那个事物，前后是同一个事物。可用来指代前文提到的那个事物，前后是同一个事物。one用来指代前文出现的可数名词，表示同类事物中的一个。用来指代前文出现的可数名词，表示同类事物中的一个。that可用来指代前文出现的可数名词单数或不可数名词。它可用来指代前文出现的可数名词单数或不可数名词。它与前面的名词是同类但不是同一事物，多用于事物的比较时与前面的名词是同类但不是同一事物，多用于事物的比较时避免重复。指代内容若为复数，常用避免重复。指代内容若为复数，常用those。即学即用即学即用10：()(1)The apple is so sweet,can you please give m
27、e another _？A.it B.one C.that D.this()(2)Last Sunday I bought a dictionary._ cost me 50 yuan.A.it B.this C.that D.one()(3)The weather in summer here is like _ in Beijing.A.this B.that C.it D.itsBAB对点训练对点训练.用方框中所给词的适当形式填空用方框中所给词的适当形式填空 happenfewthroughawaycross 1.Mr William looked the morning newspap
28、er in a hurry.He found there was nothing important in it.2.I saw a traffic accident on my way home.Its so terrible.3.To the road is dangerous when the traffic lights are red.4.Mr Black isnt in his office.He has been for half an hour.5.students are late for school though the rain is heavy,are they?th
29、roughhappencrossawayFew.单项选择单项选择()1.Im expecting a digital camera for long,but dad has no time to buy _ for me.(2011嘉兴嘉兴)A.it B.one C.this D.that 解析：考查代词。句意：我一直想要一个数码相机很久了，解析：考查代词。句意：我一直想要一个数码相机很久了，但爸爸没时间去买一个给我。但爸爸没时间去买一个给我。“one指代上文提到的同类指代上文提到的同类 产品中的一个产品中的一个”符合题意。符合题意。B()2.You like listening to Sal
30、lys songs,dont you?_.She has a sweet voice.(2011绍兴绍兴)A.Yes,I do B.Yes,she does C.No,I dont D.No,she doesnt 解析：考查反意疑问句。下文：她有一个甜美的声音。解析：考查反意疑问句。下文：她有一个甜美的声音。判断我喜欢听萨利的歌。故判断我喜欢听萨利的歌。故“Yes,I do”符合题意。符合题意。A()3.In China it is a custom to give kids lucky money,_ during the Spring Festival.(2011丽水丽水)A.finall
31、y B.luckily C.simply D.especially 解析：考查副词辨析。句意：在中国给红包是一个风俗，解析：考查副词辨析。句意：在中国给红包是一个风俗，尤其在春节期间。尤其在春节期间。“especially尤其尤其”符合题意。符合题意。D()4.We have to _ ourselves when we are away from home.(2011温州温州)A.look at B.look for C.look up D.look after 解析：考查动词短语辨析。下文：当我们离开家时。解析：考查动词短语辨析。下文：当我们离开家时。判断此处填入判断此处填入“look a
32、fter 照顾照顾”。D()5.It was when he got home _ Jim found that he lost his purse.A.that B.where C.before D.until 解析：考查强调句。强调吉姆找到他丢失的钱包的时间。解析：考查强调句。强调吉姆找到他丢失的钱包的时间。强调句式为强调句式为it is强调部分强调部分that.。A()6.Could you tell me what time the train leaves Hefei for Beijing?Im afraid you need to _ on the Internet.A.look
33、 for it B.look at it C.look it over D.look it up 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意你能告诉我火车什么时候解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意你能告诉我火车什么时候 离开合肥去北京吗？恐怕你必须在因特网上查找。离开合肥去北京吗？恐怕你必须在因特网上查找。“look up 查找查找”符合题意。符合题意。D()7.Have you ever been to Shanghai,Mary?Yes.I _ there for three days with my parents last month.A.have gone B.have been C.went D.wa
34、s 解析：考查动词时态。解析：考查动词时态。last month上个月，表示过去时间，上个月，表示过去时间，则相应的谓语动词须用过去式。故选则相应的谓语动词须用过去式。故选C。D()8.Wheres your brother now,Bob?I saw him _ in the street a moment ago and I told him _.A.playing;dont do so B.playing;not to do so C.play;to do so D.play;not to do so 解析：考查固定用法及动词不定式。句意：刚才我看见他解析：考查固定用法及动词不定式。句意
35、：刚才我看见他 正在街上玩，我叫他不要那样做。正在街上玩，我叫他不要那样做。see sb.doing sth.看见看见 某人正在做某事，某人正在做某事，tell sb.not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某告诉某人不要做某 事。故选事。故选B。B()9._ you _ Dianchi Lake these days?Yes,I have.The water is getting cleaner and the mountains are more beautiful.A.Have;gone to B.Have;been to C.Did;go to D.Have;been in 解析：考
36、查动词时态及短语辨析。询问解析：考查动词时态及短语辨析。询问“别人去过某地别人去过某地”，用用have you been to.？故选？故选B。B()10._ the population of Hong Kong?Seven million people.A.How is B.How much is C.What are D.What is 解析：考查固定用法。询问人口句式有：解析：考查固定用法。询问人口句式有：What is the population of.？故选？故选D。D()11.Millions of people know about Susan Boyle now,_？_，s
37、he becomes wellknown because of her success on Britains Got Talent.A.do they;No B.do they;Yes C.dont they;No D.dont they;Yes 解析：考查反意疑问句。附加部分遵循解析：考查反意疑问句。附加部分遵循“前肯，后否前肯，后否”原则。原则。故前一空填入故前一空填入dont they；根据下文：她很著名。判断应用；根据下文：她很著名。判断应用 肯定回答。故选肯定回答。故选D。D()12.I hear Yang Yan made an English speech at the gra
38、duation ceremony yesterday._，and _.A.So she did;so did I B.So did she;so I did C.So she was;so I was D.So was she;so I was 解析：考查句式。句意：我听说昨天阳艳在毕业典礼上做了解析：考查句式。句意：我听说昨天阳艳在毕业典礼上做了 演讲。表示这是一个事实，用演讲。表示这是一个事实，用so she did.；表示我也一样；表示我也一样 (做了演讲做了演讲)，用，用so did I。故选。故选A。A写作训练写作训练 感悟提升感悟提升 下图是下图是Gina对班上同学的周末活动进行调
39、查后得出的结果，对班上同学的周末活动进行调查后得出的结果，可见同学们的周末活动是丰富多彩的。想想你和你的同学是如何可见同学们的周末活动是丰富多彩的。想想你和你的同学是如何度过周末的，写一篇名为度过周末的，写一篇名为“Weekend Activities”的文章谈谈你们的文章谈谈你们的周末活动。的周末活动。要求：要求：1.语意连贯，句式规范，字迹工整；语意连贯，句式规范，字迹工整；2文中不得出现你的真实校名和姓名；文中不得出现你的真实校名和姓名；3词数词数6080；4开头已给出，不计入总词数。开头已给出，不计入总词数。Weekend Activities In my class,most of
40、my classmates have colorful weekends._ _ _ 思路点拨思路点拨 仔细分析题目要求可知，图表中的内容并非要点提示，只起仔细分析题目要求可知，图表中的内容并非要点提示，只起到引出话题、启发想象的作用，我们应当根据自己的实际情况，到引出话题、启发想象的作用，我们应当根据自己的实际情况，围绕围绕“你和你的同学是如何度过周末的你和你的同学是如何度过周末的”展开写作。切忌将图表展开写作。切忌将图表内容作为写作素材，因为图表中反映的是内容作为写作素材，因为图表中反映的是Gina班级的情况，而本班级的情况，而本题需要描述自己的情形，文章最后还应提出自己的想法。题需要描述
41、自己的情形，文章最后还应提出自己的想法。参考短语及句式参考短语及句式 play sports(play basketball/football.),surf the Internet,study at home,hang out,go shopping,watch the movies,visit the grandparent,.In the morining,we usually.On Sunday afternoon,I often play basketball with.Some of us.,others.I like.Girls like.We feel.参考答案参考答案Week
42、end Activities In my class,most of my classmates have colorful weekends.In the morning，we usually study at home.In the afternoon，some of us play sports,some play computer games with friends online,others visit their friends and enjoy staying with them.I like surfing the Internet on Saturday afternoo
43、n.On Sunday morning,I usually play basketball with my father.That is my favorite time.Girls always like hanging out and going shopping with friends on Sunday.We are very relaxed on weekends.完成考点跟踪训练 18 1、书籍是朋友、书籍是朋友,虽然没有热情虽然没有热情,但是非常忠实。但是非常忠实。2023年年7月月18日星期二日星期二2023718202371820237182、科学的灵感，决不是坐等可以等来
44、的。如果说，科学上的发现有什么偶然的机遇的话，那么这种、科学的灵感，决不是坐等可以等来的。如果说，科学上的发现有什么偶然的机遇的话，那么这种偶然的机遇偶然的机遇只能给那些学有素养的人，给那些善于独只能给那些学有素养的人，给那些善于独立思考的人，给那些具有锲而不舍的人。立思考的人，给那些具有锲而不舍的人。2023年年7月月2023718202371820237187/18/20233、书籍、书籍通过心灵观察世界的窗口通过心灵观察世界的窗口.住宅里没有书住宅里没有书,犹如房间里没有窗户。犹如房间里没有窗户。20237182023718July 18,20234、享受阅读快乐，提高生活质量。、享受阅读快乐，提高生活质量。2023718202371820237182023718 谢谢观赏谢谢观赏 You made my day!You made my day!我们，还在我们，还在路路上上
