1、中考英语语法复习反身代词讲解和练习一、讲解(一)1.定义和基本形式 反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。它的基本形式是:oneself(单数)和themselves(复数),具体包括myself(我自己)、yourself(你自己)、himself(他自己)、herself(她自己)、itself(它自己)、ourselves(我们自己)、yourselves(你们自己)、themselves(他们自己)。2.用法 作宾语当动作的执行者和承受者是同一个人或物时,反身代词作宾语。【例】 He hurt himself when he was climbing the mountain.(他爬山的
2、时候伤到了自己。“himself”是“hurt”的宾语,动作的承受者就是主语“he”)She taught herself English.(她自学英语。“herself”是“taught”的宾语,学习的主体和对象都是“she”)作表语用于be, feel, look, seem等系动词后,用来描述主语自身的状态或情况。【例】 Im not myself today.(我今天感觉不舒服。“myself”作表语,说明主语“I”自身的状态)She doesnt seem herself after hearing the bad news.(听到这个坏消息后,她看起来不太对劲。“herself”作
3、表语)作同位语用来加强名词或代词的语气,可位于名词、代词之后,也可位于句子末尾。【例】 The president himself visited the disaster stricken area.(总统本人访问了受灾地区。“himself”作同位语,强调是“总统本人”)We ourselves can solve this problem.(我们自己能解决这个问题。“ourselves”作同位语,强调是“我们自己”)3.固定搭配by oneself:表示“独自地;单独地”。【例】He can finish the work by himself.(他能独自完成这项工作。)enjoy on
4、eself:意思是“过得愉快”。【例】They enjoyed themselves at the party.(他们在聚会上玩得很开心。) help oneself to:有“随便吃;自用”的意思。【例】Please help yourself to some fruit.(请随便吃点水果。)dress oneself:意为“给自己穿衣服”。【例】The little girl can dress herself now.(这个小女孩现在能自己穿衣服了。)(二)如何区分反身代词和物主代词的用法?1.概念和功能反身代词:反身代词强调动作的执行者和承受者是同一个人或物,主要用于表示反射动作或强调
5、。例如,“I hurt myself.”(我伤到了自己),这里“myself”表明“受伤”这个动作的承受者就是动作的执行者“我”,有一种自我指向的意思。它还可以用于强调,如“The president himself came to the meeting.”(总统本人来参加会议),突出是“总统本人”。物主代词:物主代词分为形容词性物主代词(如my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their)和名词性物主代词(如mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)。形容词性物主代词主要用于修饰名词,表明所属关系,如
6、“My book is on the table.”(我的书在桌子上),“my”修饰“book”,表示书是“我”的。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词 + 名词”,可以在句子中独立作主语、宾语或表语,例如“This book is mine.”(这本书是我的),“mine”相当于“my book”,在句中作表语。2.在句子中的位置和作用反身代词:作宾语时,通常紧跟在及物动词或介词之后,如“She looked at herself in the mirror.”(她看着镜子中的自己),“at”是介词,“herself”作介词宾语。作表语时,位于系动词之后,如“He is not himse
7、lf today.”(他今天状态不好)。作同位语时,可放在名词或代词之后或句子末尾用于强调,如“We ourselves can do it.”(我们自己可以做这件事)。物主代词:形容词性物主代词总是放在名词之前,如“His car is very expensive.”(他的车很贵)。名词性物主代词在句中的位置比较灵活,作主语时放在句首,如“Ours is a big family.”(我们的是一个大家庭);作宾语时放在动词或介词之后,如“I like yours better than mine.”(比起我的,我更喜欢你的);作表语时位于系动词之后,如“The house on the l
8、eft is theirs.”(左边的房子是他们的)。3.常见的搭配和语境反身代词:有很多固定搭配,如“by oneself”(独自地),“enjoy oneself”(玩得开心),“help oneself to”(随便吃、用)等。例如,“He can solve the problem by himself.”(他能独自解决这个问题);“They enjoyed themselves at the concert.”(他们在音乐会上玩得很开心)。这些搭配主要体现自我行为或自我感受。物主代词:形容词性物主代词常出现在描述所属物品、特征等语境中,如“Her hair is long and b
9、lack.”(她的头发又长又黑)。名词性物主代词在比较所属物品或指代所属物品的语境中常用,如“Whose pen is this? Its mine.”(这是谁的钢笔?是我的)。二、练习单项选择题1.She bought a new dress for _.A.sheB.herC.herselfD.hers2.The little boy can dress _ now.A.himB.hisC.himselfD.he3.We should learn to take care of _.A.ourselvesB.ourC.usD.ours4.He is old enough to look a
10、fter _.A.himB.hisC.himselfD.he5.Mary and I enjoyed _ very much at the party last night.A.ourselvesB.usC.ourD.ours6.Dont worry.The children can do it _.A.themB.theyC.theirD.themselves7.The man looked at _ in the mirror and smiled.A.himB.hisC.himselfD.he8.She taught _ English when she was young.A.hers
11、elfB.herC.hersD.she9.They have to work out the problem _.A.themB.theirC.themselvesD.they10.The cat can clean _ after a meal.A.itB.itsC.itselfD.its11.Im not _ today.I think I need more rest.A.meB.myC.myselfD.I12.He cut _ with a knife while he was cooking.A.himB.hisC.himselfD.he13.You should believe i
12、n _ and try your best.A.youB.yourC.yourselfD.yours14.The students are old enough to think for _.A.themB.theirC.themselvesD.they15.She always tells _ that she is the best.A.herselfB.herC.hersD.she16.We must finish the work by _.A.usB.ourC.ourselvesD.we17.The boy made the model plane _.A.himB.hisC.him
13、selfD.he18.She is too young to look after _.A.herB.hersC.herselfD.she19.They can introduce _ in English.A.themB.theirC.themselvesD.they20.I saw _ in the photo and I was very happy.A.meB.myC.myselfD.I21.The old man lives by _ in a small house.A.himB.hisC.himselfD.he22.She was so angry that she hit _.
14、A.herB.hersC.herselfD.she23.We can solve this difficult problem _.A.usB.ourC.ourselvesD.we24.He found _ in a difficult situation.A.himB.hisC.himselfD.he25.The girl is proud of _ because she got the first prize.A.herselfB.herC.hersD.she26.They prepared _ for the exam and did well.A.themB.theirC.thems
15、elvesD.they27.I cant express _ well in English.A.meB.myC.myselfD.I28.The twins often help _ with their homework.A.each otherB.themselvesC.themD.their29.He was lost and had to find his way home by _.A.himB.hisC.himselfD.he30.She always makes _ a cup of coffee in the morning.A.herB.hersC.herselfD.she【
16、答案解析】1.C。“for oneself”表示“为自己”,这里是“她为自己买了一条新裙子”,所以用herself。2.C。“dress oneself”意思是“给自己穿衣服”,小男孩能自己穿衣服,所以用himself。3.A。“take care of oneself”表示“照顾自己”,主语是we,所以用ourselves。4.C。“look after oneself”意思是“照顾自己”,他足够大可以照顾自己,所以用himself。5.A。“enjoy oneself”表示“玩得开心”,主语是Mary和我,是复数,所以用ourselves。6.D。“by oneself”表示“独自地”,孩
17、子们能自己做这件事,所以用themselves。7.C。“look at oneself”表示“看着自己”,这个男人看着镜子中的自己,所以用himself。8.A。“teach oneself”表示“自学”,她年轻时自学英语,所以用herself。9.C。“work out.oneself”表示“自己解决”,他们得自己解决问题,所以用themselves。10.C。“clean oneself”表示“给自己清洁”,猫饭后能自己清洁,所以用itself。11.C。“be oneself”表示“处于正常状态”,我今天不在状态,所以用myself。12.C。“cut oneself”表示“割伤自己”
18、,他做饭时用刀割伤了自己,所以用himself。13.C。“believe in oneself”表示“相信自己”,你应该相信自己并尽力,所以用yourself。14.C。“think for oneself”表示“独立思考”,学生们足够大可以独立思考,所以用themselves。15.A。“tell oneself”表示“告诉自己”,她总是告诉自己她是最棒的,所以用herself。16.C。“by oneself”表示“独自地”,我们必须自己完成工作,所以用ourselves。17.C。“make.oneself”表示“自己制作”,男孩自己制作了飞机模型,所以用himself。18.C。“l
19、ook after oneself”表示“照顾自己”,她太小还不能照顾自己,所以用herself。19.C。“introduce oneself”表示“自我介绍”,他们能用英语自我介绍,所以用themselves。20.C。“see oneself”表示“看到自己”,我在照片里看到自己,所以用myself。21.C。“live by oneself”表示“独自生活”,老人独自住在一个小房子里,所以用himself。22.C。“hit oneself”表示“打自己”,她气得打自己,所以用herself。23.C。“solve.oneself”表示“自己解决”,我们能自己解决这个难题,所以用our
20、selves。24.C。“find oneself”表示“发现自己(处于某种状态)”,他发现自己处于困境,所以用himself。25.A。“be proud of oneself”表示“为自己感到骄傲”,女孩为自己感到骄傲,因为她得了一等奖,所以用herself26.C。“prepare oneself for”表示“为自己做准备”,他们为考试自己做准备并且考得很好,所以用themselves。27.C。“express oneself”表示“表达自己”,我不能很好地用英语表达自己,所以用myself。28.B。“help themselves”表示“自己帮助自己”,双胞胎经常自己帮助自己做作业,所以用themselves。29.C。“by oneself”表示“独自地”,他迷路了,不得不自己找到回家的路,所以用himself。30.C。“make oneself.”表示“给自己做”,她总是早上给自己做一杯咖啡,所以用herself。6