1、Unit 1 People of Achievement Build up VocabulariesBuild up Vocabularies Build up Build up VocabulariesVocabularies Before learning, please review: crucial vital commit commited distinct extract obtain acknowledge defeat analyse circumstance circumstance / / s sk k mstmst ns/ns/ countable，usually plu
2、ral the conditions that affect a situation, action, event etc 条件；环境；状况 in/under . circumstances 在在情况下情况下 The rules can only be waived in exceptional circumstances. 该规定仅在特殊条件下方可失效。 Prisoners can only leave their cells under certain circumstances. 在押犯只能在特定时间离开自己的牢房。 in/under no circumstances 决不；如论如何不决
3、不；如论如何不 Under no circumstances should you lend Paul money. 什么情况下都不要把钱借给保罗。 1.circumstances 指影响某事的周边环境(The circumstances that affect an event are the facts surrounding it.) The bank will investigate the circumstances surrounding the robbery. conditions通常指影响某事的物质环境，如天气(The conditions that affect it ar
4、e usually physical ones, such as weather.) The plants grow best in cool, damp conditions. 2. circumstances 指人的经济状况(sbs financial situation) family / domestic / personal circumstances conditions 指人的食宿状况(the quality and amount of food and shelter people have) living/housing/working conditions 辨析：辨析：ci
5、rcumstance circumstance 和和 conditioncondition flow /flflow /fl/ / noun.noun. I tied a towel round his leg to try to stem the flow of blood. 我把一条毛巾紧系在他腿上，试着阻止大量出血。 If the windows are shut, air cannot flow freely through the building.如果关闭窗户，空气便不能在建筑内自由流动。 the flow of funds from the US to Europe 从美国向欧洲
6、流动的资金 The number of refugees flowing into the area is still increasing. 涌入这一地区的难民数量仍在增长。 a new road system to improve traffic flow through the city centre 市中心改善交通拥堵的一套新路政系统 The new one-way system should help the traffic to flow better. 新的单向公路系统应该能帮助交通出行更顺畅。 I didnt want to interrupt her flow, so I s
7、aid nothing. 我不想打断她的思路，所以什么都没说。 Everyone was relaxed and the conversation flowed freely. 大家身心放松，交谈自由愉快。 We watched the tide ebb and flow.我们看着潮水起起落落。 the ebb and flow of the tide 涨潮和退潮 3. TRAFFIC【谓语动词常用单数】 the steady movement of traffic 交通流量 4. SPEECH/WRITING 【不可数】 the continuous stream of words or i
8、deas when someone is speaking, writing, or thinking about something 言语，文字，思绪 5. OF THE SEA 【单数】【单数】 the regular movement of the sea towards the land 涨潮 注意黄色箭头出发和指向注意黄色箭头出发和指向 的两个例句的两个例句, “flow”, “flow”这这 个单词是怎么样使用的？个单词是怎么样使用的？ 没错没错! “flow”! “flow” 的这些名词含义实际上是从的这些名词含义实际上是从 动词含义引申过来的！再次动词含义引申过来的！再次 读这
9、些句子，熟悉它的搭配。读这些句子，熟悉它的搭配。 1. LIQUID/GAS/ELECTRICITY 【谓语动词常用单数】 a smooth steady movement of liquid, gas, or electricitys 流动 2. GOODS/PEOPLE/INFORMATION 【谓语动词常用单数】 the movement of goods, people, or information from one place to another （客运，货物，信息）流量 consequence consequence /knskwns/ /kns- kwens/ RESULT
10、可数名词可数名词 something that happens as a result of a particular action or set of conditions 结果，后果 + of Many believe that poverty is a direct consequence of overpopulation. 许多人相信，贫困现象是人口爆炸的直接 后果。 + for Our findings have far-reaching consequences for researchers. 我们的发现给研究人员带来深远的影响。 with . consequences He
11、ate some poisonous mushrooms, with fatal consequences. 他吃了一些毒蘑菇，结果是致命的。 be a consequence of something Low energy may be a consequence of sleeping badly. 无精打采可能是低质量睡眠导致的。 have consequences Taking financial risks can have serious consequences. 在金融领域冒险将会造成严峻局面。 accept/take the consequences (=understand
12、 and deal with them) Im prepared to accept the consequences of my decision. 我已经准备好为自己的决定承担后果了。 face/suffer the consequences He broke the law, and he will have to face the consequences. 他犯了法，将不得不面对制裁。 consequences follow (=happen) Once the decision has been made, consequences follow. 决定一经做出，便会产生相应的结果
13、。 consider the consequences She jumped into the river without considering the consequences. 她不顾后果地跳下了河。 encounter/encounter/ n n kaka ntnt / / 1. vt. to EXPERIENCE something, especially problems or opposition 遇到，遭遇尤指问题或反对 encounter problems/difficulties They encountered serious problems when two mem
14、bers of the expedition were injured. 远征队遇到了严重的问题，两名队员严重受伤。 encounter opposition/resistance The government has encountered strong opposition to its plans to raise income tax. 政府欲提高所得税的方案遭到了强烈反对。 日常口语里很少用encounter表达“遇 到，遭遇问题、困难、反对、阻挡”的 意思，而是会用下面这两种形式： come across problems/difficulties come up against
15、opposition/resistance 2. 【正式】【正式】 formal to meet someone without planning to 偶遇某人 c 【词性转化【词性转化名词】名词】an occasion when you meet or experience something 遭遇，经历 【词性转化词性转化名词名词】 an OCCASION when you meet someone, or do something with someone you do not know 相遇，邂逅 I first encountered him when studying at Ca
16、mbridge. 我第一次遇到他是在剑桥读书时。 + with Her first encounter with Wilson was back in 1989. 她和威尔逊的初次邂逅是在1989年。 infer infer / / n n f f/ / TO FORM AN OPINION that sth is probably true because of information that you have 推断，推测 infer something from something A lot can be inferred from these statistics. 从统计数据中可以
17、推测出大量信息。 infer that From the evidence, we can infer that the victim knew her killer. 通过这些迹象，我们可以推断出，受害者是认识凶手的。 available available / /veve l l b b l/l/ +to Not enough data is available to scientists. 科学家没有足够资料。 +for No figures are available for the number of goods sold. 已销售货物的数据无法获知。 +in There are p
18、lenty of jobs available in the area. 这一区域有大量富余岗位。 available to do sth Funds are available to assist teachers who want to attend the conference. 教师们的参会补助专项资金已经到位。 readily/widely available (=very easy to obtain) Parking is readily available near the station entrance. 在车站入口处非常容易找到停车位。 1. sth that is av
19、ailable is able to be used or can easily be bought or found 可用的；可 获得的（使用广泛，具体需要灵活翻译） 2. 【仅表语】 sb. who is available is not busy and has enough time to talk to you (某人)有空的 3. sb. who is available does not have a wife, boyfriend etc 未婚的；没有谈恋爱的 辨析辨析 available if something is available, you can buy it, g
20、et it, or use it free if a seat or room is free, it is not being used by anyone vacant if a house or room is vacant, it is available for someone to use or rent spare a spare room, key, tyre etc is one that you have in addition to the ones that you normally use, and is therefore available to be used
21、empty an empty room, building etc has no one in it 根据左侧五个单词的释义用法，在横线处翻译下列句子。 Are there any tickets still available for Saturday? The hotel never has any free rooms over the Christmas period. The sign on the toilet said vacant. I got the spare tyre out of the back of the car. The house was empty for
22、two months before it was sold. 周六的余票还有吗？ 圣诞节期间旅馆没有空闲的房间。 卫生间外挂着“无人使用”的牌子。 我从小汽车后备箱取出了备胎。 房屋在出售前空置了两个月。 KEYS:KEYS: 1. property 2. device 3. substance 4. appearances 5. collect 6. objective 7. insist, consequence 8. circumstance 1. Apparently the two plants have quite similar physical _. 2. Professor
23、Stephen Hawking used a special vocal _. 3. Afterwards, the company filed a patent for a new chemical _. 4. Everyone was amazed at his grandfathers youthful _. 5. The researchers _ the questionnaires back from the patients. 6. I will try my best and work hard to achieve my _ of studying economics at
24、a top university. 7. If you _ on doing so, youll have to suffer the _ ! 8. Banks have acknowledged that they need to pay more attention to customers financial _ when evaluating loan, applications. Fill in the blanks with the right words, each can be used ONLY ONCE. circumstance objective collect app
25、earance insist consequence property device substance KEYSKEYS 1. came to power 2. pass away 3. sum up 4. takes up a position 5. wear and tear 6. be mistaken for 7. As a consequence 8. make contributions to 9. manage to 10. due to sum up come to power take up a position wear and tear make contributio
26、ns to due to manage to as a consequence be mistaken for pass away 1. She won the election and last year. 2. You will see the storm will . 3. Lets our experience before going on. 4. The young man in the company and the boss always depends on him. 5. This cloth is designed to stand up to a lot of . 6.
27、 How does it feel to someone else? 7. He broke the rules of the company. , he was removed from the company. 8. I only want to our society and other people. 9. How did you get their approval? 10.The guests are arrive very soon. Fill in the blanks with the right expressions, each can be used ONLY ONCE. Thank you!
