1、人教版九年级全册英语Unit 11-14重要知识点汇编Unit 11 Sad movies make me cry.1.would rather的用法教材原文Id rather go to Blue Ocean because I like to listen to quiet music while Im eating.我宁愿去蓝色海洋,因为我吃饭时喜欢听安静的音乐。would rather通常缩写为“d rather”,意为“宁愿”,后跟动词原形。其否定结构是would rather not do sth.。My grandfather would rather eat at home.我
2、爷爷宁愿在家吃饭。I would rather not buy the dress.我宁愿不买那条裙子。延伸：“宁愿做A事，也不愿做B事”的同义表达有：Would rather do A than do BWould do A rather than do BPrefer to do A rather than do BI would rather stay at home than go running.=I would stay at home rather than go running.=I prefer to stay at home rather than go running.我
3、宁愿待在家里,也不愿去跑步。2.neither.nor.的用法教材原文Neither medicine nor rest can help him.药物和休息都无法帮助他。neither.nor.是固定搭配,意为“既不也不;和两者都不”。Their house is neither big nor small.他们的房子不大也不小。Neither Anna nor I am interested in sports. 安娜和我都对运动不感兴趣。延伸：both, either, neither, all, none辨析both表示“两者都”,可以和and搭配either表示“(两者中的)任何一个
4、”,可以和or搭配neither表示“两者都不”,可以和nor搭配all表示“三者或三者以上都”,它和none互为反义词none表示“三者或三者以上都不”,可以和介词of搭配当either.or.和neither.nor.连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词在人称和数上要和离它近的主语保持一致,即遵循“就近原则”。Either you or he has to hand in the report. 不是你就是他得把报告交上来。Neither you nor I am fit for the job. 你和我都不适合这份工作。3.let.down的用法教材原文He had let his whole
5、 team down.他让整个球队失望了。let.down是固定搭配,意为“使失望”。I dont want to let my mother down. 我不想让我妈妈失望。let sb. down和disappoint sb.及make sb. feel disappointed同义。The boy let his teacher down.=The boy disappointed his teacher.=The boy made his teacher feel disappointed.那个男孩让他的老师失望了。4.make作使役动词时的用法make作使役动词时的结构和用法,具体如
6、下:make+宾语+名词make+宾语+形容词make+宾语+省略to的动词不定式His courage made him a hero.他的勇气使他成了一名英雄。The loud music made me bored.吵闹的音乐使我觉得烦躁。The Internet makes our life easy and convenient.互联网使我们的生活变得容易和方便。Nothing can make me change my mind.什么都不能使我改变主意。当把含make sb. do sth.结构的句子变为被动语态时,原句中省略的不定式符号to必须还原。The touching st
7、ory made us cry. 这个感人的故事使我们哭了起来。We were made to cry by the touching story. 我们被这个感人的故事惹哭了。Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.1.过去进行时教材原文As I was waiting in line with other office workers, I heard a loud sound.当我正在和其他办公室职员排队等候的时候,我听到了一声巨响。本句中的was waiting是过去进行时。过去进行时用来描述过去某个时间正在发生的动作或存在的状态。该时态的基本结构
8、为“was/were+现在分词”。I was watching TV at eight oclock yesterday evening.昨天晚上八点我正在看电视。延伸：过去进行时可以和when, while引导的时间状语从句搭配。常见的搭配是:主句的时态连词从句的时态过去进行时when一般过去时过去进行时/一般过去时while过去进行时Tom was taking a shower when I got home. 我到家的时候,汤姆正在洗淋浴。Mary called me while I was cooking. 我正做饭的时候,玛丽给我打电话了。I was watching TV whi
9、le he was sleeping. 他正在睡觉的时候,我正在看电视。while 引导的是时间状语从句通常用进行时态或谓语动词是延续性动词（短语）Dont speak while youre having meals. 吃饭的时候不要说话。Please look after my dog while Im away. 我不在家的时候请照顾一下我的狗。2.show up的用法教材原文By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else had already shown up.在我到达聚会以前,每个人都已经到了。show up在此处意为“赶到;露面
10、”。show up还可以表示“使显现出来”。He didnt show up until 8:00 p.m. 他直到晚上八点才露面。The sunlight showed up the marks on the window.太阳光把窗户上的污点显了出来。3.动词不定式(短语)作目的状语教材原文Many people ran to their local supermarkets to buy as much spaghetti as they could.许多人都跑到当地超市尽可能多买意大利面。本句中的to buy as much spaghetti as they could是动词不定式短
11、语,在句中作目的状语。动词不定式(短语)作目的状语时,可以转化为so that或in order that引导的目的状语从句。They took exercise to keep healthy.=They took exercise so that/in order that they could keep healthy.他们锻炼身体,为的是保持健康。延伸：动词不定式除了可以作状语之外,还可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语以及定语。作主语TolearnEnglishwellisveryimportant.=ItisveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.学好英语很重
12、要。作表语Myjobistolookafterpatients.我的工作就是照顾病人。作宾语Wewanttogoswimming.我们想去游泳。作宾语补语Sheinvitedmetogototheconcert.她邀请我去看演唱会。作定语Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有重要的事情要告诉你。4.约数表达法教材原文Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story, and fear spread across the whole country.韦尔斯使它听起来如此真
13、实,以至于数以百计的人相信了这个故事,并且恐惧在全国范围内传播开来。hundreds of是固定搭配,意为“数以百计的;成百上千的”,它属于约数表达法,表达模糊的数字概念。There are hundreds of passengers waiting at the airport.有数百名乘客正在机场等候。 常见的约数表达法:hundreds of数以百计的thousands of 数以千计的millions of 数百万的billions of 数十亿的如果hundred、thousand、million、billion前有具体数字,则要用它们的单数形式,并且其后也不必加介词of,此时表达
14、的是确切的数字概念。He walked two hundred miles in eight days.他在八天内走了200英里。5.过去完成时过去完成时用来表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”,侧重事情的结果。1）.过去完成时的基本结构该时态的基本结构是“had+过去分词”。By the end of last year, we had built two bridges.截止到去年年底,我们已经建造了两座桥。2）.过去完成时的适用情况(1)和by the time或before引导的时间状语从句搭配。从句的时态用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时
15、。By the time I got there, the bus had left.在我到达那里前,公共汽车已经离开了。I had finished the work before I went out. 我出去之前已经完成工作了。(2)用在宾语从句中。如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句的谓语动作发生在主句的谓语动作之前,则宾语从句要用过去完成时。He said that he had had the bike for two years.他说那辆自行车他已经买了两年了。Unit 13 Were trying to save the earth!1.cut down的用法教材原文Well, to
16、 cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.噢,为减少空气污染,我们应该乘坐公共汽车或地铁,而不要开车。cut down是固定短语,在此处意为“减少;削减”。We should try to cut down water pollution.我们应该尽力减少水污染。cut down还有“砍伐;砍倒”之意,通常和树木(tree)等搭配。Dont cut down too many trees. 不要砍伐太多树木。2.harmful的用法教材原文This is not only cruel
17、,but also harmful to the environment.这不仅残忍,而且对环境有害。harmful是形容词,意为“有害的”。be harmful to意为“对有害”。Smoking is harmful to your health.吸烟有害健康。 同根词：harm v&n. 伤害 harmless adj.无害的 相关短语：be harmful to 对.有害 do harm to 对.有害 同义：be bad for3.afford的用法教材原文Yes, we cant afford to wait any longer to take action! 是的,我们不能再等
18、了,必须采取行动了!afford是动词,意为“承担得起(后果);买得起”。Can we afford a new car? 我们买得起一辆新车吗?We cannot afford any more delays.我们不能再有任何耽搁了。4.throw away的搭配教材原文Do you often throw away things you dont need anymore?你经常扔掉你不再需要的东西吗?throw away在本句中意为“扔掉;丢弃”。Dont throw these books away. 不要把这些书扔掉。5.现在进行时现在进行时用来描述现在正在进行的动作或存在的状态。1
19、).现在进行时的结构:“be+现在分词”We are working on the science report now.现在我们正在写那个科学报告。2).现在进行时的标志现在进行时是中考题中的常考点,解题时需要根据题干中的标志信息以及上下文语境来判断。now、at the moment以及Look!或Listen!是现在进行时的标志。有的题目没有这些明显的标志,但可以根据上下文语境来推断出时态是现在进行时。They are doing their homework at the moment.他们此刻正在做他们的家庭作业。Look! Mary is playing the guitar ov
20、er there.看!玛丽正在那边弹吉他。6.used toused to表示“过去经常;过去常常”,后跟动词原形。He used to be quiet, but now he is very outgoing.他以前话不多,但现在他很外向。be used to意为“习惯于”,其后若跟动词,要用动名词。My father is used to living in New York.我爸爸习惯住在纽约。7.被动语态被动语态是由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。人称、数和时态的变化都是通过be的变化表现出来的。常考的几种时态的被动语态的结构如下:一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are+过去分词
21、一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词一般将来时的被动语态willbe+过去分词am/is/aregoingtobe+过去分词现在进行时的被动语态am/is/are+being+过去分词含情态动词的被动语态can/may/must/shouldbe+过去分词The flowers are watered by my grandfather every day.我爷爷每天浇花。She was asked to make a speech in public.她被要求当众发表演讲。The meeting will be cancelled.这次会议将被取消。The car is being
22、 washed by my father.我爸爸正在洗车。The work must be finished this afternoon.今天下午必须完成这项工作。8.现在完成时1).现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或造成的结果。We have cleaned the classroom. Now it is very clean.我们打扫过教室了。现在它很干净。2).现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻且持续到现在的动作或状态,常与“for+时间段”或“since+时间点或一般过去时的从句”连用。Mary has been ill for three days.玛丽病了三天
23、了。I have lived in Beijing since two years ago.我从两年前起就一直住在北京。3).瞬间动词(buy、die、join、come、go、leave等)不能直接与表示一段时间的状语连用,要变成表状态的词汇。如:buyhave; borrowkeep; come/arrive/reach/get tobe in;go outbe out; leavebe away; beginbe on;finishbe over; openbe open; closebe closed;diebe deadI have had this bike for three y
24、ears.这辆自行车我买了三年了。4).现在完成时通常和already, yet, just, so far, in the last/past few years, in the recent years等词或短语搭配。Ive saved almost 100 so far.到目前为止,我存了差不多100英镑了。The company has grown rapidly in the recent years.最近几年这家公司发展迅速。9.情态动词在初中阶段我们学到的情态动词有:can表“能力”或“许可”,可以用在否定句中表推测may表“许可”,语气较委婉,可以用在肯定句中表推测,肯定语气小
25、于mustmust表示“必须”,语气较为强烈,可以用在肯定句中表推测,肯定的语气很强couldcould既是can的过去式,本身也是情态动词,用于征求对方意见时,语气较为委婉should意为“应该”,否定式是shouldnt“不应该”need可以用作情态动词,也可以用作实义动词,作情态动词时,常用在否定句或疑问句中Mary can sing and dance.玛丽会唱歌和跳舞。Can I ask you a question? 我能问你一个问题吗?The girl cant be Nancy. 那个女孩不可能是南希。May I come in, Mr. Green? 格林先生,我能进来吗?T
26、he red bag may be Lisas. 那个红色的包可能是莉萨的。We must follow the school rules.我们必须遵守校规。My brother must be in the library.我哥哥一定在图书馆。She could ride a horse when she was eight. 她八岁的时候就会骑马了。Could you please tell me the way to the zoo?你能告诉我去动物园的路吗?You should listen to your parents.你应该听你父母的话。You neednt finish the
27、 work today. 你今天不需要完成这项工作。Need I turn in my homework this afternoon? 我今天下午需要交家庭作业吗?Unit 14 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7.1.work out的用法教材原文She helped you to work out the answers yourself no matter how difficult they were.她帮助你独立算出答案,不管它们有多么难。work out是固定短语,在此处表示“算出;解决”。Can you work out how m
28、uch I need to pay?你能算出我需要支付多少钱吗?This problem is easy and I can work it out.这个问题很简单,我能解决。work out还有如下含义:进展（顺利）； 锻炼，健身Things didnt work out as we planned. 事情没有像我们计划的那样进展顺利。Work out at a gym or swim twice a week.一周去健身房锻炼两次,或游两次泳。2.make a mess的用法教材原文And making a great big mess搞得一团糟make a mess是固定搭配,意为“弄得
29、一团糟(一塌糊涂)”。The kids made a mess in the bathroom.孩子们把浴室搞得一塌糊涂。in a mess是固定搭配,意为“一团糟;一塌糊涂”。Your bedroom is in a mess.你的卧室真是一团糟。3.look forward to的用法教材原文Im looking forward to going to senior high school.我期待着上高中。look forward to意为“期待;盼望”,若跟动词,要用动名词。Im looking forward to seeing you again. 我期待再次见到你。4.be tha
30、nkful to sb.的用法教材原文Never fail to be thankful to the people around you.永远不要不对你身边的人心存感激。be thankful to sb.是固定搭配,意为“对某人心存感激”。其中thankful是形容词,意为“感激的;感谢的”。Im thankful to all my teachers.我对我所有的老师都心存感激。5.宾语从句和宾语从句有关的考点有三个,分别是:引导词that、if、whether以及what、how、when、why、where等语序宾语从句要用陈述句语序时态如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句通常要用对
31、应的过去时态He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.他说他想待在家里。I want to know if/whether he lives there.我想知道他是否住在那里。Can you tell me where the No. 3 bus stop is?你能告诉我3路公交车车站在哪里吗?6.一般将来时一般将来时用来描述将会发生的动作或存在的状态。1）.一般将来时的结构will结构主语+will+动词原形+其他.Therewillbe+主语+其他.begoingto结构主语+begoingto+动词原形+其他.Thereis/aregoingt
32、obe+主语+其他.We will go camping tomorrow.我们明天会去野营。There will be more trees in the future.将来会有更多的树。They are going to play tennis this afternoon.他们今天下午打算打网球。There is going to be an exciting match tomorrow.明天将会有一场令人兴奋的比赛。2）.一般将来时的标志词或短语常见的有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week/month/year, in the fut
33、ure等。I think there will be more robots in the future.我觉得将来会有更多机器人。7.一般过去时一般过去时用来描述过去发生的动作或存在的状态。1）.一般过去时的结构be动词主语+was/were+其他.Therebe句型Therewas/were+主语+其他.行为动词主语+行为动词的过去式+其他.The students were in the classroom just now.刚才那些学生在教室里。In the past, there was a pond in our village.过去,我们的村庄里有一个池塘。Yesterday they took the bus to the zoo.昨天他们乘公共汽车去动物园了。2）.一般过去时的标志词或短语常见的有yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/month/year, two weeks ago, just now, in the past, in 2000等。They lived in Nanjing in 2000.他们2000年在南京居住。The old man led a hard life in the past.那位老人以前过着艰苦的生活。第 17 页 共 17 页
