1、Behavior Based SafetyGary PeacockSafety ConsultantOhio BWC An excellent tool for collecting data on the quality of a companys safety management system A scientific way to understand why people behave the way they do when it comes to safety Properly applied,an effective next step towards creating a t
2、ruly pro-active safety culture where loss prevention is a core value Conceptually easy to understand but often hard to implement and sustainBehavior Based Safety:What Is It?Only about observation and feedback Concerned only about the behaviors of line employees A substitution for traditional risk ma
3、nagement techniques About cheating&manipulating people&aversive control A focus on incident rates without a focus on behavior A process that does not need employee involvementBehavior Based Safety:What It Is Not!Safe People vs Safe PlacesInjuries EqualManagement ErrorsBehavior ManagementMeasure Beha
4、viorsvs ResultsObservation&FeedbackPositive ReinforcementGreat PerformanceSystemsBehaviorsClimateSystems Accountability Communication Decision Making Measurement Orientation Training Employment Auditing-Rensis Likert Activators(what needs to be done)Competencies(how it needs to be done)Consequences(
5、what happens if it is done)Human Behavior is a function of:Human behavior is both:Observable Measurable thereforeBehavior can be managed!howeverSome examples of activatorsBehavior:Any directly measurable thing that a person does,including speaking,acting,and performing physical functions.Definitions
6、:Some examples of behavior:Definitions:Consequences:Events that follow behaviors.Consequences increase or decrease the probability that the behaviors will occur again in the future.Oh please let it be Bob!If you dont send in that payment well take you to courtB=f(c)AntecedentsBehaviorsConsequencesSo
7、me example of Consequences:Consequences -How would you view them?SunbathingAggressive DriversBehaviorw Significance-positive or negativeMagnitude-large or smallImpact-personal or otherSoon vs DelayedCertain vsUncertainPositive vs NegativePersonalvsOrganizational39Good safety suggestion Joe!Keep brin
8、ging em up!R+R-One more report like this and youre outa here!40PerformanceTimeR+The effects of positive reinforcement41PerformanceTimePThe effects of punishmentWhy is one sign often ignored,the other one often followed?To create conditions that encourage people to collaborate because they want to no
9、t because they have toLets do it!The Behavior Based Safety Challenge:PerformanceMotivationMotivation ModelAbilityPerformanceMotivationSelection-Can they do itTraining-Do they knowhowMotivation ModelAbilityPerformanceMotivationJob Climate-Boss&Peer relationships,Work environmentSelection-Can they do
10、itTraining-Do they knowhowMotivation ModelAbilityThe Job Itself-Any fun,challengePerformanceMotivationJob Motivational Factors Achievement,Promotion,Recognition,ResponsibilityJob Climate-Boss&Peer relationships,Work environmentSelection-Can they do itTraining-Do they knowhowMotivation ModelAbilityTh
11、e Job Itself-Any fun,challengePerformanceMotivationUnion-Norms,PressuresPeer Groups-Norms,PressuresJob Motivational Factors Achievement,Promotion,Recognition,ResponsibilityJob Climate-Boss&Peer relationships,Work environmentSelection-Can they do itTraining-Do they knowhowMotivation ModelAbility Logi
12、cal decision in his/her situationWorkstatn designIncompble displays/Controls or job designCapacity with Load in a StateDecision to errTrapsOverload ormismatchHuman ErrorAcc or incidtInjury or lossSystems FailureCausation ModelD O T SPerceived lowprobabilityPeer pressureMeasures of the bossPerceived
13、priorities of mgtOf the incident occurring Of a loss resultingLogical decision in his/her situationPerceived low probabilityDecision to ErrSCausation ModelDO T SNatural endowmentPhysical capabilityKnowledge skillDrugs/alcoholInformation processingEnvironmentWorry/stress FatigueLCUsCapacitywithLoadin
14、 aStateOverloador aMismatchCausation ModelDOT SSize,force,feel,repetitionreachStereotypes,Human capabilities,Expectations,InconsistenciesWorkstation orJob designIncompatible displays or controlsTrapsCausation ModelD OTS Lack of Policy/Guidelines/Practices Poorly defined responsibility No authority t
15、o act Little accountability or measurement No analysis of incidents No orientation of new/transferred staff Lack of clear SOPs/StandardsSystems CausesCausation ModelD O TS TrapsOverload ormismatchHuman ErrorAcc or incidtInjury or lossSystems FailureDecision to ErrCausation ModelD O T SAverage Reduct
16、ion of Injury Frequency Implementation of BBS After 1 year34%After 2 years 44%After 3 years 61%After 4 years 71%Safety Intervention Strategies(By NSC)Approach#of Studies#of Subjects Reduction%Behavior Based 72,444 59.6%Ergonomics 3n/a 51.6%Engineering Change 4n/a 29.0%Problem Solving 176 20.0%Govt A
17、ction 22 18.3%Mgt.Audits 4n/a 17.0%Stress Management 21,300 15.0%Poster Campaign 26,100 14.0%Personnel Selection 26 19,177 3.7%Near-miss Reports 2n/a 0%Why Implement BBS?Safety is about people.Compliance is not sufficient.Consequences drive behavior.Motivating Performance FeedbackWhy Implement BBS?T
18、ruly proactive Broad awareness Deep Involvement Proven effective Transcends workplace safetyThree Essential QuestionsWhat behaviors are being observed?Why are those behaviors present?Now What will be done to correct the system deficiencies?BBS FeaturesStrengths/WeaknessesPeer to peer observationSupe
19、rvisory observationBehavior auditSnapshotSoftware supportCustomized behavior inventoriesGeneral behavior inventoriesEmphasis on skilled coaching and feedbackRoles and ResponsibilitiesWorkersObservers/SupervisorsSafety StaffManagersSafety Involvement TeamAre You ReadyforBehavior-Based Safety?Safety C
20、ulture Wheel04812LeadershipSystems&ProcessesInvolvementOrganizational StyleMeasurement&AccountabilityThe ESPM Culture WheelPeople?Time?Facilities?Outcome?Perception Survey 100 yes/no opinion oriented questions Pencil&paper survey Anonymous responses All Maximize size of group 30 min Lunch room Audit
21、orium Percent positive response in21 safety related categories By location by levelStructured Interviews Facilitated group discussion 2 safety process questions Confidential Focus groups of 10-12people(25%of pop.)Representing the wholeorganization Segregate mgmt&labor 75 min pergroup Privateconferen
22、ce areawith ample roomand table to write Ranked list of improvementrecommendations System strengths System weaknesses Recommendations Next stepsEXECUTIVE SUMMARYDeliverableAssessmentProcessSampleSurveyT Th he e O Oh hi iO O D Di iv vi is si iO On n O Of f s sa af f e eT T y y&h hy yg gi ie en ne ePE
23、RCEPTION SURVEYPART 1A.Enter your work location:B.Enter your shift:_ (Example:production,office,etc.)_C.Circle your job function:D.Enter years with company:_ Line worker,supervisor,or manager_PART 2Y N1.Do you feel you received adequatejob training?Y N2.Do supervisors discussaccidents and injuries w
24、ith employeesinvolved?Y N3.Is discipline usually assessed whenoperating procedures are violated?Y N4.Would a safety incentive programcause you to work more safely?Y N5.Do you perceive the major cause ofaccidents to be unsafe conditions?Y N6.Does your company activelyencourage employees to work safel
25、y?Y N7.Is safety considered important bymanagement?Y N8.Are supervisors more concernedabout their safety record than aboutaccident prevention?Y N9.Do you think penalties should beassessed for safety and health violations?Y N10.Have you used the safetyinvolvement teams to get action on acomplaint or
26、hazard which concernedyou?Y N11.Is high hazard equipmentinspected more thoroughly than otherequipment?Y N12.Is the amount of safety training givento supervisors adequate?Y N13.Have you been asked to performany operations which you felt wereunsafe?Y N14.Are records kept of potentialhazards found duri
27、ng violations?Y N15.Are employees influenced by yourcompanys efforts to promote safety?Y N16.Are employees providedinformation on such things as cost,frequency,type and cause of accidents?Y N17.Does your company dealeffectively with problems caused byalcohol or drug abuse?Y N18.Are unscheduled inspe
28、ctions ofoperations made?Y N19.Is off-the-job safety a part of yourcompanys safety program?Y N20.Does management insist uponproper medical attention for injuredemployees?Y N21.Are safe operating proceduresregularly reviewed with employees?Y N22.Are you interested in how yourcompanys safety record co
29、mpares withother companies in your industry?Y N23.Does your company hireemployees who do not have thephysical ability to safely performassigned duties?Y N24.Do your co-workers support thecompanys safety program?Y N25.Do supervisors pay adequateattention to safety matters?Y N26.Is safe work behavior
30、recognizedby supervisors?Y N27.Do employees participate in thedevelopment of safe work practices?020406080100120Accident InvestigationQuality of SupervisionAlcohol/Drug AbuseAttitude Toward SafetyCommunicationNew EmployeesGoals for Safety PerformanceHazard CorrectionInspectionsInvolvement of EmployeesAwareness ProgramsRecognition for PerformanceDisciplineSafety ConcernsOperating ProceduresSupervisor TrainingSupport for SafetyEmployee TrainingSafety ClimateManagement CredibilityStress%Positive ResponsesManagerSupervisorEmployeeSurvey ResultsObservation ExercisesOhio BWCBBS Software Demo
