1、试卷代号：2157 国家开放大学2020年秋季学期期末统一考试英语阅读3)试题2021年1月注意事项一、将你的学号、姓名及分校（工作站）名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带出考场。监考人收完考卷和答题纸后才可离开考场。二、仔细读懂题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答题纸的指定位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。444 Part I Read Passage 1 and decide the meaning of the following words with the help of the c
2、ontext.The paragraph in which the word appears is indicated in brackets.Write A,B,or C on your answer sheet.(30 points,3 points each)Passage 1 Bargain Fashion 1 Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs.For others on the hig
3、h consumer end,even though they have more income,its become a pastime.Its fun,its challenging and the clothes,they believe,make a fashion statement.Rummaging through thrift shops,combing weekend flea markets and yard sales,visiting vintage fashion stores,and even surfing the Internet has become a pa
4、ssion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.2 Some like to think of it as frugal livinga careful or thrifty way to live,a way to protect both their pocketbook and the environment.With the growing concern for waste,some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling a
5、nd reusing.In San Francisco,California,there are 1500 recycle shops,selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns.San Diego,California,boasts more than 2,000 secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called Second Hand News with a readership of thousands of people.This
6、 56-page publication contains information on store listings,shop ratings,coming events,and news of trends in recycling.People from all sectors of society read Second Hand News to learn about whats happening in the secondhand scene.The interest is growing in the use of these shopssome drop off their
7、goods that they no longer want or need,some come to browse and see what its all about,others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.3 Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA,Salvation Army,Good Will and
8、 church groups.One such organization,the St.Vincent De Paul in San Diego,got its start in 1948 and is still doing a booming business today.Organizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes.In many urban centers these types of shops cater t
9、o the needier segment of the populat10n.4 But as recycling became fashionable during the 1980s,individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society.Shops like Michaels in 445 downtown San Diego,Auntie Helens in New York,and Brother Bennies in Los Angeles special
10、ize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women.They claim to stock secondhand goods of the finest quality at low prices.Choosing an evening gown at Michaels is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barneys in New York,except its a lot more exciting,says Gennie,a fashion model
11、based in San Diego.You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned,and theres a seamstress right there to make adjustments.You even get the option of a full refund up to 11/2 hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide its really not for you,she explains.5 The recycle craze is
12、not just all happening in the United States,it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm.Some people in Tokyo,Japan make their living by what they call thrifting:Designers hire them to shop for treasures,which then form the basis of their next fashion collection.James Ashton says hes beco
13、me a professional scour.I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing,then hunt down old fabric,a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market,he explains.The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered.Some are fashion wizards,others become famous just by copy
14、mg th 呻items,says Ashton.6 In London,England,hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in thing to do.Helen,of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing,has a huge collection of garments from 1850 through the 1970s,some of which are for sale,others she rents out for use in feature films.A number o
15、f the costumes for Out of Africa,which set off a Safari fad,came from my collection,she exclaims.As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection.On the rack are a pair of 1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with
16、 carved wooden chunky heels and braided,yellow patent leather straps.That same chunky look was revived in 1997,a hot item in fashion circles then.Now she says,This pair is just waiting for the right foot.7 The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yourself.The look may or may
17、not be selling in the designer boutique down the street,but you can still be satisfied knowing youve done your personal look by yourselfand on the cheap to boot.Questions 1-10 are based on Passage b(paragraph 1)A.to tidy or straighten(esp.the hair)with the comb B.to search a place thoroughly C.to fi
18、nd and get rid of(unnecessary people or things)446 2.boast(paragraph 2)A.to have or contain(something that is unusual or a cause of reasonable pride)B.to talk or state with unpleasant or unreasonable pride C.to talk nonsense 3.stand out(paragraph 2)A.to be firm in opposition C.to be very noticeable
19、4.cater to(paragraph 3)B.to be much better or the best A.to try to satisfy(desires or needs,esp.of a bad kind)B.to provide and serve food and drinks,usually for payment C.to provide what is needed or wanted by 5.vintage(paragraph 4)A.of high quality and lasting value B.showing all the best qualities
20、 of the work of(the stated person)C.made between 1919 and 1030 6.craze(paragraph 5)A.madness B.a very popular fashion that usually only lasts for a very short time C.wild excitement 7.wizard(paragraph 5)A.(esp.in stories)a man who has magic powers B.a very strange person C.a person with unusual,almo
21、st magical,abilities 8.copy(paragraph 5)A.to follow(someone or something)as a standard or pattern B.to make a copy of C.to cheat by writing(exactly the same thing)as someone else 9.set off(paragraph 6)A.to begin a journey C.to cause to explode 10.chunky(paragraph 6)B.to cause(sudden activity)A.(of a
22、 person,esp.a man)having a broad chest and strong-looking body,and not very tall B.short,thick,and solid C.(of materials,clothes,etc.)thick and heavy 447 Part II Read Passage 2 and choose either A,B or C to complete each of the following statements,Write A,B or C on your answer sheet.(30 points,3 po
23、ints each)Passage 2 Seventy-four Years of Winter Olympic Glory 1 Chamonix,1924:The G ames were first known as the International Winter Sports Week.It wasnt until 1925 that they were officially named the Olympic Winter Games.Norway and Finland dominated Nordic skiing,speed skating and bobsleigh.Two d
24、ays before the Closing Ceremony,the International Olympic Committee CIOC)was approved as the official organizing committee for the Games.2 St.Moritz 1928:Unseasonable warm weather created havoc with the events at the Swiss Alpine resort,while Norway continued to dominate.Sonja Henie,just 15,combined
25、 grace with athletic ability to win the first of three Olympic gold medals in womens figure skating.Japan sent its first delegation-six skiers and one official.3 Lake Placid,1932:Warm weather again hit the Games,forcing organizers to haul snow from Canada to the upstate New York town.The four-man bo
26、bsleigh race had to be postponed until after the Closing Ceremony.Dog-sled racing and womens speed skating were demonstration events and Edward Eagan,a Summer Games Olympic medallist in 1920,was on the winning U.S.four-man bobsleigh team to become the first summer-winter medallist.4 Garmischi-Parten
27、kirchen,1936:Blizzard conditions,and a possible boycott by the IOC over Adolph Hitlers politics threatened the Games initially.European speed skaters dominated the medals standings after the Olympics returned to the continental style of racmg against the clock rather than group starts used four year
28、s earlier.5 St.Moritz,1948:The Swiss resort hosted the Winter Games for the second time,favoured as a neutral venue following World War II.Germany and Japan were not allowed to participate,while single-person sled racing was held for the first time since the previous St.Moritz Games.American John He
29、aton repeated as single silver medallist after two decades on the sidelines.6 Oslo,1952:The Winter Games held its first torch relay,kindled at the home of Norwegian skiing legend Sondre Norheim.Attendance at events was exceptional with the ski jump alone attracting crowds of 150,000,an Olympic atten
30、dance record for both the Summer and Winter Games.Womens cross-country ski races made their Olympic debut and American Dick Button defended his figure skating title.448 7 Cortina dAmpezzo,1956:The Soviet Union debuted at the Winter Games,while a stadium built to hold 10,000 spectators-in a town of a
31、bout 6,000-hosted the skating and hockey events.Austrian Toni Sailor performed an Alpine skiing hat trick,which was,taking gold in the mens downhill,giant slalom and slalom.Chiharu Igaya won the mens slalom silver,Japans first Winter Olympic medal.8 Squaw Valley,1960:Through the campaigninglandowner
32、 Alexander Cushing,the mountain town in northern California edged Innsbruck in voting by the IOC.Womens speed skating becomes an official medal event,and biathlon was added to the Olympic program.East and West Germany sent a joint team,using Beethovens Ninth Symphony as their national anthem.9 Innsb
33、ruck 1964:For th f e 1rst time m the Winter Games,the Olympic flame was lighted at Olympia,Greece.But the warmest winter in 58 years in Innsbruck left minimal snow cover and difficult conditions at many venues.Luge made its Olympic debut,as did the microchip,which was used in judging and timing at e
34、vents.India also debuted at the Winter Games.10 Grenoble,1968:The snowy Games attracted only about 70,000 spectators on the ground,but 500 million viewers watched them on television.Women were forced to take gender tests for the first time in the Olympics,while Frenchmen Jean-Claude Killy handled he
35、avy pressure from countrymen with superb style,grabbing all three Olympic Alpine skiing golds on offer.11 Sapporo,1972:At the first Winter Olympics held in Asia,a dispute over amateur status came to the boil when the IOC banned Austrian ski star Karl Schranz from the Games because he had been paid f
36、or appearing in a ski makers advertisement.American figure skater Janet Lynn settled for womens bronze but won the hearts of the local audience while hotel manager Francisco Fernandez Ochoa staged a surprise victory in the mens slalom for Spains first gold medallist in the Winter Olympics.12 Innsbru
37、ck,1976:The Winter Games returned to Innsbruck after Denver,the planned host,decided to give the Games back due to fear of over-development and a mushrooming budget.Austrian Franz Klammer grabbed the mens downhill gold before a home crowd while American Dorthy Hamill pirouetted to womens figure skat
38、ing gold.Ice dancing became an Olympic medal event.13 Lake Placid,1980:The host of the 1932 Winter Games gained a unanimous vote from the IOC.American Eric Heiden swept all five gold medals in mens speed skating,while Austrias Annemarie Moser-Proell,after disappointment in Sapporo,snatched the women
39、s downhill gold.449 14 Sarajevo,1984:Sapporo offered in 1978 to host the 1984 Winter Games if no other cities decided to bid,but Sarajevo came forward to welcome a record 49 countries in the first Winter Games held in Eastern Europe.Katarina Witt of East Germany won the first of two figure skating g
40、olds.15 Calgary,1988:Canada hosted its first Winter Olympics and the first that spanned 16 days.U.S.TV network ABC paid a record$309 million for broadcasting rights and,despite Chinookswarm,dry winds out of the Rocky Mountainsthat disrupted the schedule,Italys Alberto Tomba emerged a skiing hero wit
41、h gold in the mens slalom and giant slalom.Britains Michael Edwards Eddie in the Eagle captured no medals but grabbed the hearts of millions with his amateur bravado on the ski jump.Freestyle skiing,short track speed skating and curling were demonstration sports.16 Albertville,1992:Organized by form
42、er skiing great Jean Claude Killy,the 16th Winter Games were hit by criticism over the distance between venues in the French Alps.But Japan enjoyed its best medal victories ever,winning the Nordic combined team gold and a total of seven medalsthis equaled the total medals won by Japan in all previou
43、s Winter Olympics combined.Canadas Kerrin Lee-Gartner thrilled one and all with gold in the womens downhill.17 Lillehammer,1994:The town of 23,000 was recognized by many as having hosted the best Winter Games to date.Huge energetic crowds,good weather and smooth transportation were all widely acclai
44、med.Local favourite Johann Olav Koss showed why he was known as The Boss by winning three speed skating gold medals,all in world-record times.The media was engrossed by feuding U.S.figure skaters Tonya Harding and Nancy Kerrigan,but Oksana Baiui from the Ukraine upstaged them both to take the womens
45、 gold.18 Nagano,1998:Back in Japan for a second time,this Winter Games was recognized as being high-tech and environmentally friendly.Winter snowsuits designed specifically for members of the IOC,the organizers and volunteers at the Olympics,were made famous by the fact they could be recycled into u
46、sable oil.The Olympic Village offered free internet use for all athletes,many setting up their own home page for fans to wish them good luck before their event,and congratulate them afterwards.The environment was also enrichedleftovers from the Olympic Village cafeteria were recycled into fertilizer
47、.World records for both the men and womens speed skating were broken by skaters from the Nether lands and Germany,and Chinese aerial skiers made their first dazzling debut with Xu Nannan bringing home a silver for her double back somersault with a triple twist.Curling,womens hockey and snowboarding
48、were added to the Winter Games.450 Questions 11-20 are based on Passage 2.11.The Games were officially named the Olympic Winter Games in A.1924 B.1925 C.1926 12.Japan sent its first delegation A.to St.Moritz in 1928 C.to Lake Placid in 1932 B.to Chamonix in 1924 13.was the first summer-winter medall
49、ist.A.John Heaton C.Edward Eagan 14.St Moritz is a resort in A.Switzerland C.Canada B.Alexander Cushing B.Soviet Union 15.The Olympic attendance record for both the Summer and Winter Games was A.10,000 C.150,000 B.70,000 16.Womens speed skating becomes an official medal event at in.A.Oslo1952 C.Squa
50、w Valley1960 17.The Winter Games were held twice in A.St.Moritz and Innsbruck C.Innsbruck and Calgary B.Cortina dAmpezzo.1956 B.St.Moritz and Oslo 18.Women were forced to take gender tests for the first time in.A.1960 C.1976 19.Annemarie Moser-Proell is a(n)A.Frenchman C.British woman B.1968 B.Austr
