1、试卷代号：2157 国家开放大学（中央广播电视大学）2018年春季学期“开放专科”期末考试英语阅读(3)试题2018年7月注意事项一、将你的学号、姓名及分校（工作站）名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带出考场。监考人收完考卷和答题纸后才可离开考场。二、仔细读懂题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答题纸的指定位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。460 Part I Read Passage 1 and decide the meaning of the following words with th
2、e help of the context.The paragraph in which the word appears is indicated in brackets.Write A,B,or C on your answersheet.(30 points,3 points each)Passage 1 Voices from the Classroom 1 What new challenges do American teachers of English think they will face over the next five years?The following is
3、an interview with four American educators about that question.2 Interviewer.Well begin with Ms.Woods,wh o 1s teaching at a jumor扣ghschool in Ohio.What do you think are the biggest problems for todays English teacher?3 Ms.Woods:Language arts teachers are faced with teaching literacy to students from
4、diverse backgrounds,students who do not value reading,and students who have diverse needs in an increasingly complex,technological society.We teachers are caught between doing our best to help these diverse students and give them what they really need,and at the same time satisfying the state-mandat
5、ed proficiencies.4 Interviewer:So you think that sometimes the state curriculum does not suit the real needs of these students.5 Mr.Jones:May I add something here?I have to agree.In my high school in Detroit,the increasing number of students from non-English speaking homes continues to make language
6、 education challenging.For example,Shakespeare is on the curriculum for my 11h grade class this term,but many of them have problems with basic English communication skills.Idont mean to throw out Shakespeare,but something is wrong here-there is a gap between the curriculum and the reality of the stu
7、dentsskills and needs.Keeping our students connected by giving them better tools of communication in a common anguage 1s essential.6 Interviewer:I bet Professor Mahiri will have something to say on that.7 Dr.Mahiri:Yes indeed.What Ive come to realize in my educational research at University of Calif
8、ornia is that teachers must understand youth popular culture-which is strongly influenced by African American culture-in order to relate effectively to todays students.Teachers should use African American and youth culture as sources for todayscurriculum.They must make a huge effort to connect the c
9、lassroom to the students unique backgrounds,experiences and interests.461 8 Interviewer,You mean by including literature written by Afro-American authors?9 Dr.Mahiri:Thats just the tip of the iceberg.Of course,a more diverse curriculum is necessary.But not throwing out Shakespeare,as Mr.Jones has sa
10、id.Keep Shakespeare,add new authors,include newspaper,music,comic books-and give up their traditional power and control over the classroom so that students are teaching each other and themselvesso that students are empowered and creative thinkers.10 Interviewer,Do you have anything to add to this di
11、scussion,Mr.Hunt?11 Mr.Hunt:Well,I think that from primary school to university level,the biggest challenge will be introducing technology in language arts instruction.Computers and the Internet are revolutionizing how students learn and how teachers teach.We must have educators who are computer lit
12、erate if weare to exploit the amazing power of technology in the Information Age.Questions 1一10are based on Passage 1.1.literacy(paragraph 3)A.the ability to read and write C.sports 2.diverse(paragraph 3)A.clever C.different 3.proficiencies(paragraph 3)A.minimum standards C.professionals 4.challengi
13、ng(paragraph 5)A.attractive C.easy 5.throw out(paragraph 5)A.reject C.criticize 6.gap(paragraph 5)A.interest C.agreement 7.essential(paragraph 5)A.useful C.necessary 462 B.mathematics B.hard-working B.skills B.demanding B.study B.wide difference B.difficult to get 8.influenced(paragraph 7)A.affected
14、 C.rejected 9.unique(paragraph 7)A.different C.similar 10.exploit(paragraph 11)A.use C.ignore Part II B.welcomed B.unusual and special B.punish Read Passage 2 and choose either A,B or C to complete each of the following statements.Write A,B or C on your answer sheet.(30 points,3 points each)Passage
15、2 Translating Fashion 1 Its seven oclock in the morning and Natassia Antipova,a beautiful Russian financial consultant,is getting up in the Moscow apartment where she lives alone and asking herself:What shall I wear today?A decade ago her choices were simpler.Then,there was one kind of mascara,one c
16、olor eye shadow.Now,Natassias bathroom shelves are stocked with Avon,Estee Lauder,and Nina Ricci.Her closets contain Levis and Armanis,as well as local brand names.Her awareness of what makes a beautiful woman has been vastly expanded.In Tokyo,on the same day,Ma如Kois doing a presentation for her pub
17、lic relations company.Her trim size 8 figure is zipped into an Italian suit.In her English pocket-book Elizabeth Arden cosmetics share space with products from Shisiedo,the Tokyo-based beauty company.Last year Maki had Japans most popular cosmetic surgery procedure,a rhinoplasty to make her button n
18、ose look more Western.The list goes on:The globalization of fashion is one of the phenomena of our time,a vast market for those companies who somehow have a look that translates worldwide.2 Theres nothing new,of course,about the process of fashionable imitation.In Roman Britain prosperous natives wo
19、re togas.This fashion remained popular for some time.Likewise,after the Norman invasion of Britain in 1066,French styles became chic.This kind of fashion trend has been happening for centuries.But what is new is the sheer size and depth of penetration of this global fashion.463 3 Consider Levi jeans
20、,a company with a brand imprint carried by 2,800 retail companies in 45 countries.Worldwide sales for 1996 were US$7.1 billion.Or Estee Lauder,which since it went international in 1960,has penetrated 100 markets and racked up sales of$3.4 billion in 1997.Or take China,whose women were forbidden as r
21、ecently as 10 years ago to powder their noses一inrecent years,the fashion and cosmetics market has expanded by 20 to 30 percent annually.But is this all a plot by greedy designers,manufacturers and fashion editors to clone the world into one image?Alison Lurie,author of The Language of Clothes,thinks
22、 not.She says people and cultures themselves decide on what is fashion these days.4 Of far more importance to fashion trends,according to Marc Bourgery an advertising consultant,is the question of how a country entertains itself.He gives the example of Japan,a country that has a love affair with gol
23、f and,more recently,with American situation comedies.Japanese people now want to be defined as witty,successful and affluent,and so that style has become cool and sought after.5 Bourgery,who travels the world in order to advise clients on which images sell best in which countries,thinks that global
24、fashion is not about the West dictating to the East.Rather,it is about a new feeling of internationalism.Armani,for example,does not set out to look authentically Italian,anymore than Chanel wants to look spec山callyFrench,observes Bourgery.Instead,their footprint is a look which saysIm elegant,sophi
25、sticated,successful,and that translates worldwide.6 What it all adds up to is a world of consumer decision-making,a mix-and-match world where consumers often take what is best from their own country and combine it.Worldwide surveys of beauty practices confirm this point.Russian women confide that no
26、t all of them are crazy about the new cosmetic importsenvironmentally conscious teens twenty-some-things,are mad for the newest line of Russian skin care,Green Mama,made exclusively from herbs and fruits found in the Altai region of Sineria.Beauty-conscious Syrians also claim that their traditional
27、oils and scents are for them a treasure trove of beauty secrets.In their Damascus bathrooms,alongside the modern cosmetics,are pewter bowls which to mix Henna and bay leaf,honey and olive oil soaps or vials of perfumedoils.7 The cruel truth about what is fashionable is that it cant be clearly define
28、d.Todays concept of fashion draws from a far wider ethnic and national pool than ever before,and its growing day by day.464 Questions 11一20are based on Passage 2.11.Russian women have fashion choices compared to a decade ago.A.the same C.fewer B.more 12.Rhinoplastry is popular amongwomen.A.Japanese
29、C.African B.European 13.After th N e orman invasion of Britam,styles became popular.A.Japanese B.French C.British 14.The difference in fashion today is the A.trend it creates C.size and penetration B.choice of styles 15.,Levi jeans does business in countries.A.100 C.45 B.2,800 16.Alison Lurie says a
30、re making decisions on fashion these days.Ad.es1gners and companies B.people and cultures C.editors and manufacturers 17.Marc Bourgery thinks dictates what global fashion is.A.the East C.internationalism 18.Armani is most probably a(n)A.Italian C.Japanese B.the West brand(商标）name.B.French 19.Today t
31、he makes fashion choices.A.consumer C.international market 20.Fashion is A.specific C.expensive today.B.designer B.diverse 465 Part ill Read Passage 3 and decide whether the following statements are true or false.Write T for true and F for false on your answer sheet.(20 points,2 points each)Passage
32、3 Advertising 1 In a competitive economy,the consumer usually has the choice of several different brands of the same product.Yet underneath their labels,the products are often nearly identical.One manufacturers toothpaste tends to differ very little from another manufacturers.Thus,manufacturers are
33、confronted with a problem-how to keep sales high enough to stay in business.Manufacturers solve this problem by advertising.They try to appeal to consumers in various ways.In fact,advertisements may be classified into three types according to the kind of appeals they use.2 One type of advertisement
34、tries to appeal to the consumers reasoning mind.It may offer a claim that seems scientific.For example,it may say the dentists recommend Flash toothpaste.In selling a product,the truth of the advertising may be less important than the appearance of truth.3 Another type of advertisement tries to amus
35、e the potential buyer.Products that are essential boring,such as insecticide,are often advertised in an amusing way.One way of doing this is to make the products appear alive.For example,the advertisers believe that consumers are likely to remember and buy products that the consumers associate with
36、fun.4 Associating the product with something pleasant is the technique of the third type of appeal.In this class are c1ds that suggest that the product will satisfy some basic human desire.One such desire is the wish to be admired by other people.Many automobile advertisements are in this category.T
37、hey imply that other people will admire you-may even be jealous-when they see you driving the hot,new Aardvark car.Another powerful desire to which advertisers appeal is the desire for love.This ads for bandages are unlikely to emphasize the way the bandages are made or their low cost;instead the ad
38、s may show a mother tenderly binding up and then kissing her small boys cut finger.In the picture there is an open package of Ouch Bandages.The advertiser hopes the consumer will mentally insert an equal sign to create the equation Ouch Bandages=love.5 One only needs to look through a magazine or wa
39、tch an hour of TV in order to see examples of these three different advertising strategies.466 Questions 21一30are based on Passage 3.21.Consumer usually has the choice of several different products of the same brand in a competitive economy.22.The products are more or less the same al though they ha
40、ve different labels.23.Manufacturers have to advertise their products in order to stay in business.24.According to the passage,there are mainly four types of advertisements.25.A scientific approach is used to prove the true value of the product.26.In selling a product,appearance of truth may be more
41、 important than the truth of advertising.27.Ads associated with fun are likely to attract potential buyers.28.According to the passage,many automobile ads try to appeal to the consumers reasoning mind.29.The picture of a mother tenderly kissing her small boy is to show the usefulness of bandages.30.
42、Peoples desires can be more satisfied by the improved advertisements.Part N Read Passage 4 and answer the following questions.Make your answers as short and clear as possible,20 points,4 points each)Passage 4 London 1 London is an interesting and exciting city.It is fashionable and full of life.Near
43、ly a third of Londons population today are young people with a modern outlook on life.Most of them earn good money and therefore they have much more freedom and independence than young people used to have.They set their own fashions in clothes;and they spend a lot of money on their entertainment.2 L
44、ondon is also more cosmopolitan today.And this,too,has helped to give new life to the capital.People of all nations,races and religions live and work in London.Thousands of foreign students are studying at London University and at other educational centres.And every year several million visitors fro
45、m all parts of the world visit London,either on business or for a holiday.Indeed,it sometimes seems as if there were almost more foreigners than Londoners in London.467 3 More than three million people live in inner London,and nearly five million people live in the surrounding suburban area,which is
46、 made up of formerly separate villages that have merged to form what is now called outer London.Thus,the total population of Greater London is over eight million.4 Besides the people living in London,thousands of men and women form towns and villages surrounding the capital work in London and travel
47、 to their offices daily by train or by car.Most of these people live in the suburbs,within about ten to twenty miles of central London;but many live in the country,perhaps as much as thirty or forty miles away.These thousands of people stream into London like an attacking army between 8:30 and 9:30
48、in the morning;and then they pack into the crowded trains,or their cars,and stream home again between about 4:30 and 6:30 in the evening.5 London is very busy and over-crowded.There is a continuous noise of traffic in all the main streets.The traffic never seems to stop,even during the night,and peo
49、ple always seem to be in a hurry.They appear to do everything in a rush,with an eye on the clock,as if they had only a short time to live.The noise and rush is tiring,but you soon get used to it.6 London,which stands on the River Thames,has a history of nearly two thousand years.The Romans made Lond
50、on their capital soon after they landed in Britam in the first century.They built a bridge across the River Thames and opened a small port on the north bank of the river.Then they built a small town.London,which today is one of the three largest cities in the world,has developed from this small Roma
