1、Discovering Useful Structures1.Learn to know the basic sentence structures of English.2.Learn to analyze the structure of the sentences from the text.Learning objectivesS 表示表示“主语(主语(subject)”V表示表示“动词(动词(verb)”P表示表示“表语(表语(predicative)”O表示表示“宾语(宾语(object)”C表示表示“补语(补语(complement)”IO表示表示 “间接宾语(间接宾语(indi
2、rect object)”DO表示表示“直接宾语(直接宾语(direct object)”subject主语verb谓语object宾宾语语attributive定语定语adverbial状语状语complement补语补语subject主语主语verb谓语谓语S+V(主谓)(主谓)S+V+O(主谓宾)(主谓宾)S+V+O+O(主谓间宾直宾)(主谓间宾直宾)S+V+O+C(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补)S+V+P(主系表)(主系表)Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To
3、 see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.(名词)(名词)(代词)(代词)(数词)(数词)(不定式)(不定式)(动名词)(动名词)(名词化的形容词)(名词化的形容词)(句子)(句子)主语(subject):主语是句子的主体,是说明的对象。主语通常由名词、代词,不定式,不定代词,从句以及v.ing等充当。找一找句子中的中主语 Twenty years is a short time in history.The poor are no
4、w living in the shelter.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.He likes dancing.What he needs is a book.Predicate(谓语)(谓语)谓语说明主语的动作、状态或特征。transitive verb(vt.)及物动词intransitive verb(vi.)不及物动词linking verb(link.v.)系动词 及物动词(vt.):及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语)如:He reached Paris.不及物动词(vi.):不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟
5、宾语,必须先在其后加上某个介词。如:Look!She is singing.I love you!Object(宾语)(宾语)宾语表示动作的对象,主动语态中宾语是宾语表示动作的对象,主动语态中宾语是动作的承受者。宾语一般位于及物动词和动作的承受者。宾语一般位于及物动词和介词之后。介词之后。宾语由名词,代词,不定式,动名词,从句等或者宾语由名词,代词,不定式,动名词,从句等或者是相当于名词的词或者是短语充当是相当于名词的词或者是短语充当(句子)(句子)Show your book,please.She didnt know anything.They want to know my idea.I
6、 like staying with you.Did you know what she want?(名词(名词)(代词)(不定式)(不定式)(动名词)(动名词)基本句型基本句型 一一(subject)+V(verb)(subject)+V(verb)(主谓)(主谓)特点特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。即:后面不可以直接介词短语、状语从句等。即:后面不可以直接跟宾语,但可以加介词再加宾语跟宾语,但可以加介词再加宾语 (不及物动词)(不及物动词)1.Ti
7、me 2.The moon 3.We all4.They 5.He6.He 7.Theyflies.rose.eat,and drink.talked for half an hour.walked yesterday.is playing.listens to classical music.不及物动词后面不可直接加宾语。如需要加宾语,需要添加介词基本句型基本句型 二二+(主谓宾)(主谓宾)特点:宾语表示动作的对象或行为的承受特点:宾语表示动作的对象或行为的承受者,一般位于及物动词者,一般位于及物动词(短语短语)和介词后面,和介词后面,一般由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式一般由名词、代词、数词
8、、动词不定式(短短语语)、动名词、动名词(短语短语)等充当。等充当。(实义动词)(实义动词)(宾语宾语)1.Who 2.She 3.He 4.He 5.They 6.Danny 7.I 8.He knows laughs at understands made ate likes want said the answer?her.English.cakes.some apples.donuts.to have a cup of tea.Good morning.基本句型基本句型 三三+(主系表)(主系表)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子的系动词都不此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子的系动词都
9、不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状或状态的表语,才能表达完整的意思。表语多为形容词,态的表语,才能表达完整的意思。表语多为形容词,也可以是名词、介词短语、动名词等。也可以是名词、介词短语、动名词等。常见的系动词常见的系动词1.be 1.be 本身没有什么意义本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的只起连系主语和表语的作用作用,后可接动词外的任何词;后可接动词外的任何词;2.2.感官动词类感官动词类 look,feel,smell,taste,look,feel,smell,taste,soundsound等等3.3.表示变化:表示变
10、化:get,grow,become,turn,goget,grow,become,turn,go等等4.4.表示状态延续:表示状态延续:stay,keep,remain,standstay,keep,remain,stand等。等。(表语表语)1.This 2.The dinner3.He 4.Everything5.He 6.The book 7.The weather 8.His face is smells(闻闻)fell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary.good.happy.different.tall and strong
11、.interesting.warmer.red.基本句型基本句型 四四+IO+DO+IO+DO(主谓间宾直宾)(主谓间宾直宾)此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词后此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词后面必须有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这面必须有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者(物),两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者(物),另一个是动作的间接承受者(人)。另一个是动作的间接承受者(人)。(及物)(及物)(多指人)(多指人)(多指物)(多指物)1.She2.She 3.He 4.He 5.I 6.I 7.I 8.He passed cooked brought bou
12、ght showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress.a delicious meal.a dictionary.nothing.my pictures.a hand.how to run the machine.that the bus was late.常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助to的)的)bring,give,lend,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等;等;(需借助(需借助for 的)的)b
13、uy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,等。等。基本句型基本句型 五五+(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补)此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。(及物)(及物)(宾语)(宾语)(宾补)(宾补)1.We 2.They3.They 4.They5.What 6.We 7.He 8.I keep painted c
14、all found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.to come back soon.getting on the bus.【语境应用】判断句子结构类型。【语境应用】判断句子结构类型。1)Everybody smiled.2)The car caught fire.3)Did the milk turn sour?4)He bought his wife a dress.5)Roy found his new job rather boring.6)Your brother got up at 10 oclock.7)Are there any gardens in the town?SVOCSVAthere beSVSVOSPSVIODOTHANK YOU!