1、 1 20202020 年北京市年北京市高考适应性训练高考适应性训练英语试卷英语试卷逐题解析逐题解析 第一部分：第一部分：知识运用知识运用（共（共两两节，节，4545 分）分） 第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 阅读下列短文， 根据短文内容填空。 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词， 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A Mrs. Bailey was important in the educational journey that carried me through school and into my profession.
2、Until I joined her class, I hadnt believed in my ability as a writer. She (1) _ (persuade) me to join the poetry society and lit in me a fire for literature. She recognised (2) _ (I) potential and showed me that I could write with creativity and enthusiasm. Because of the confidence she inspired in
3、me, Ive carved out a (3) _ (success) profession as a journalist. 1. 【答案】 persuaded 【解析】 本题考查时态语态；提示词 persuade 为动词，整句缺少谓语动词，主语 she 和动词提示词 persuade 为主动关系， 翻译成“她说服我去”,又因 and 并列连词后 面的 lit 时间为过去，可以确定空格时态为一般过去时；故正确答案是 persuaded。 2. 【答案】 my 【解析】 本题考查代词；根据提示词 I 和空格后的名词 potential“潜力”可知，应 填“我的”；故正确答案是 my。 3.
4、【答案】 successful 【解析】 本题考查词性转换；空格之前是冠词 a，空格之后是名词 profession，可知 空格应填 success 的形容词形式；故正确答案是 successful。 2 B Some university students carried out a campaign (4) _ they celebrated their whole day without cell phones. This move was to improve their relationships with their near and dear ones and to keep t
5、hem away from the virtual（虚拟的）life. (5) _ (study) indicate that a majority of young people used their phones during lessons, over family meals or even at the cinema. The problem of phone addiction（成瘾）has been observed since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists (6) _ (try) to increase awar
6、eness about this problem. 4. 【答案】 where 【解析】 本题考查定语从句；从句“他们庆祝没有手机的一整天” 修饰先行词 campaign，campaign 是个抽象地点名词；故正确答案是 where。 5. 【答案】 Studies 【解析】 本题考查名词；提示词 study 为名词，通过后面的谓语动词 indicate 可知， 空格应填名词的复数形式；故正确答案是 Studies。 6. 【答案】 trying 【解析】 本题考查非谓语动词；提示词 try 为动词，而本句的谓语动词是 has been observed，因此可判定本题需填非谓语动词；而非谓语
7、动词与逻辑主语 experts 和 psychologists 之间为主动关系; with 的复合结构表示伴随；故正确答案是 trying。 C The tiger shark (7) _ (consider) to be one of the most dangerous sharks in the world. Why are tiger sharks so dangerous? First, they like to live (8) _ waters where humans usually swim, so the chances of an encounter （遭遇） are m
8、uch greater. 3 Second, tiger sharks are so strong and aggressive that they can (9) _ (easy) hit a person. And third, tiger sharks have teeth perfectly (10) _ (design) for cutting their food, so it is certain that the damage will be disastrous. 7. 【答案】 is considered / has been considered 【解析】 本题考查时态语
9、态；提示词 consider 为动词，整句缺少谓语动词， 主语 The tiger shark 和 consider 之间为被动关系“虎鲨被认为是世界上最危险的鲨鱼之一。 ” ， 本段是在对虎鲨进行说明， 使用了现在时间， 又因为主语 The tiger shark 是单数名词； 故正确答案是 is considered / has been considered。 8. 【答案】 in 【解析】 本题考查介词；live in waters， “生活在水里” ；故正确答案是 in。 9. 【答案】 easily 【解析】 本题考查副词；空格给出的提示词 easy 是形容词，因为空格后面为动词，
10、 故空格应为副词，修饰动词；故正确答案是 easily。 10. 【答案】 designed 【解析】 本题考查非谓语动词；提示词 design 为动词，而本句谓语动词为 have， 因此可判定本题需填非谓语动词；design 的逻辑主语为 teeth，主语和动词 design 之 间为被动关系，且修饰 teeth；故正确答案是 designed。 4 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选 项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Afel was only a very small boy w
11、hen he first saw snow in a picture book. It had lots of pictures of children _ (11) in big white fields. He asked, “Mum, what are those white fields?” His mother laughed, “Thats snow, and they are making a snowman!” She tried to _ (12) what snow was. Afel didnt really _ (13) because there was no rea
12、l snow where he lived. But he showed great _ (14). One day when he was 12, Afel was watching a programme on TV at his uncles house. The programme was full of snow. And not only snowthere were people _ (15) across the snow. They looked like fantastic birds. They had hats covering all their heads and
13、big goggles over their eyes. And on their feet, they had _ (16) shoes. “What are those?” he asked his uncle _ (17). “Skis,” replied his uncle. “And those people are called skiers.” At that moment, he _ (18) to be a skier. He asked his uncle what the programme was. “The Winter Olympics,” said his unc
14、le. “Its like the normal Olympics, but for _ (19) where you need snowski jumping, bobsleigh（长橇）, those sorts of things. They _ (20) it every four years.” Afel found out that the next Winter Olympics would be in Beijing, in 2022. “Perfect,” he thought. “Enough _ (21) for me to become a brilliant skie
15、r.” “But theres no snow here!” people told him. “Where are you going to ski?” Afel _ (22) them. He made himself a pair of skis from two pieces of wood. He tied them to his feet and practised skiing _ (23) two sticks in his hands. He practised again and again until he could _ (24) quite quickly acros
16、s the sand. He _ 5 (25) to fly down the hills like the people on TV, but he couldnt. “Never mind,” he thought. “Its a _ (26)” “How will you go to the Olympics?” people asked him. “Our country doesnt _ (27) have a team that goes to the Winter Olympics. We have good runners and win lots of medals at t
17、he Olympics. But no skiing, no.” Afel didnt _ (28). So every night, out in the middle of the desert, Afel now practises skiing down sand hills. He _ (29) that the yellow sand and brown earth are as gold as the medal he will bring home with him, when he is the _ (30). 6 11. A. drawing B. playing C. d
18、ancing D. hiking 12. A. announce B. stress C. conclude D. explain 13. A. mind B. respond C. understand D. regret 14. A. interest B. concern C. patience D. confidence 15. A. walking B. riding C. running D. flying 16. A. strong B. strange C. fashionable D. comfortable 17. A. politely B. hopefully C. e
19、xcitedly D. nervously 18. A. promised B. claimed C. agreed D. decided 19. A. projects B. fields C. sports D. courses 20. A. gain B. have C. accept D. mark 21. A. time B. energy C. experience D. determination 22. A. avoided B. ignored C. corrected D. criticized 23. A. pushing B. pulling C. holding D.
20、 waving 24. A. roll B. march C. jump D. move 25. A. needed B. prepared C. pretended D. attempted 26. A. start B. chance C. solution D. strategy 27. A. even B. often C. shortly D. finally 28. A. refuse B. inquire C. care D. complain 29. A. dreams B. predicts C. assumes D. realizes 30. A. authority B.
21、 champion C. genius D. celebrity 7 11. 【答案】 B 【解析】 本题是动词题；根据后文中“Thats snow, and they are making a snowman! ”，可知图片里的孩子们在雪地中玩耍 （playing） 。其余选项含义为：drawing （画画） ，dancing（跳舞） ，hiking（远足） ；故正确答案是 B。 12. 【答案】 D 【解析】 本题是动词题；根据上一句“Mum, what are those white fields?”，可知 Afel 是在问问题，而妈妈是在为他进行解释 （explain） 。其余选项含义
22、为：announce （宣布） ， stress（强调） ，conclude（总结） ；故正确答案是 D。 13. 【答案】 C 【解析】 本题是动词题；根据本句“because there was no real snow where he lived”，可知 Afel 因为没有见过真正的雪，所以并不懂得 (understand) 妈妈的解释。 其余选项含义为：mind（介意、照料） ，respond（回应） ，regret（后悔） ；故正确答案 是 C。 14. 【答案】 A 【解析】 本题是名词题；根据前文 Afel 在不断地问妈妈关于雪的问题，可知他对雪 产生了极大的兴趣 (inter
23、est) 。其余选项含义为：concern（关心） ，patience（耐心） ， confidence（自信） ；故正确答案是 A。 15. 【答案】 D 【解析】 本题是动词题；根据后一句“They looked like fantastic birds”，可知人们 在雪上飞奔（flying） ，同时，依据后文“He _ (25) to fly down the hills like the people on TV, but he couldnt.”这句话中出现了 fly，原词复现。其余选项含义为： walking（走路） ，riding（骑行） ，running（跑步） ；故正确答案是
24、 D。 8 16. 【答案】 B 【解析】 本题是形容词题；根据上文，Afel 从未见过雪，可知当他看到人们在雪地 中穿的鞋子时会觉得奇怪和陌生（strange） 。其余选项含义为：strong（强壮的、结实 的） ，fashionable（时髦的） ，comfortable（舒适的） ；故正确答案是 B。 17. 【答案】 C 【解析】 本题是副词题；根据全文，Afel 从未见过雪以及与雪相关的运动，并且产 生了极大的兴趣也把成为滑雪运动员当成梦想，可知他在问叔叔时心情很激动 （excitedly） 。其余选项含义为：politely （礼貌地） ，hopefully （充满希望地） ，ne
25、rvously （紧张地） ；故正确答案是 C。 18. 【答案】 D 【解析】 本题是动词题；根据下文 Afel 想成为一个杰出的滑雪运动员，可知在这一 刻他决定 (decide)将来成为一名滑雪运动员。其余选项含义为：promised（承诺） ， claimed（声称） ，agreed（同意） ；故正确答案是 D。 19. 【答案】 C 【解析】 本题是名词题；根据前句中出现的“The Winter Olympics”，可知此处应 为与雪有关的运动 (sport)。其余选项含义为：projects （项目） ，fields （领域） ，courses （课程） ；故正确答案是 C。 20.
26、 【答案】 B 【解析】 本题是动词题；根据常识可知冬季奥林匹克运动会每四年举办(have)一次。 其余选项含义为：gain（获得） ，accept（接受） ，mark（作标记） ；故正确答案是 B。 9 21. 【答案】 A 【解析】 本题是名词题；根据上文“every four years”得知冬奥会每四年举办一次， 下一届冬奥会是 2022 年，所以 Afel 有足够的时间（time）来成为一名杰出的滑雪者。 其余选项含义为：energy（能量） ，experience（经历，经验） ，determination（决心） ； 故正确答案是 A。 22. 【答案】 B 【解析】 本题是动词
27、题；根据前文“But theres no snow here!”Where are you going to ski? ”以及后文“He made himself a pair of skis from two pieces of wood.” 可以得知，人们问他去哪儿滑雪，他并未回答，只是自己做了一对滑雪板。说明 Afel 并 未理睬人们说的话，即忽略（ignored）了他们。其余选项含义为：avoided（避免） ， corrected（纠正） ，criticized（批评） ；故正确答案是 B。 23. 【答案】 C 【解析】 本题是动词题；根据空格后的动词的先后顺序以及动宾搭配关系，前
28、文是 脚系滑雪板，后文是应该是手持（holding）滑雪杖。其余选项含义为：pushing（推） ， pulling（拉） ，waving（挥手） ；故正确答案是 C。 24. 【答案】 D 【解析】 本题是动词题；根据本句“He practised again and again until he could _ quite quickly across the sand.”可知，他一遍又一遍地练习直到他能够快速移 动（move）穿过沙地。此处为滑雪的动作，应该是快速移动。其余选项含义为：roll（打 滚） ，march（行军） ，jump（跳） ；故正确答案是 D。 10 25. 【答案】
29、 D 【解析】 本题是动词题；根据本句“He _ to fly down the hills like the people on TV, but he couldnt.”可知他试图（attempted）像电视上的人一样飞下山去，但是 他不能。其余选项含义为：needed（需要） ，prepared（准备） ，pretended（假装） ； 故正确答案是 D。 26. 【答案】 A 【解析】 本题是名词题；根据前文“He attempted to fly down the hills like the people on TV, but he couldnt.”可知他无法像电视上的人一样飞下山
30、去，但是他告诉 自己没关系，不要紧。这只是开始 （start） ，此处考查名词的对应关系。从最后一段“So every nightAfel now practises skiing down sand hills.”可知这只是开始（start） 。其 余选项含义为：chance（机会） ，solution（解决办法） ，strategy（策略） ；故正确答案 是 A。 27. 【答案】 A 【解析】 本题是副词题；根据上一句“How will you go to the Olympics?”以及本句 “Our country doesnt _ have a team that goes to
31、the Winter Olympics.”可知 “我们的国家甚至（even）都没有一个可以去冬奥会的队伍。”此处用“even”来突 出人们认为 Afel 的想法无法实现。 其余选项含义为：often （经常） ，shortly （简短地） ， finally（最终） ；故正确答案是 A。 28. 【答案】 C 【解析】 本题是动词题；根据前文“Our country doesnt _ have a team that goes to the Winter OlympicsBut no skiing, no.”以及最后一段“So every nightAfel now practises ski
32、ing down sand hills.”可知 Afel 并没有在意人们的看法， 坚持练习，故他并不在乎（care） 。其余选项含义为：refuse（拒绝） ，inquire（询问） ， complain（抱怨） ；故正确答案是 C。 11 29. 【答案】 A 【解析】 本题是动词题；根据前文提到的“Afel now practises skiing down sand hills.”说明他现在还在练习，所以获奖应该是梦想（dreams）中的事情，指的是他在 想象着获奖的事情。即，他梦想（dreams）着，等他成了冠军，那眼前这黄沙褐土和 带回来的奖牌一样金光闪闪。其余选项含义为：predi
33、cts（预测） ，assumes（假定） ， realizes（意识到） ；故正确答案是 A。 30. 【答案】 B 【解析】 本题是名词题；根据前文“He dreams that the yellow sand and brown earth are as gold as the medal he will bring home with him,”可知，他梦想（dreams） 着，等他成了冠军，那眼前这黄沙褐土和带回来的奖牌一样金光闪闪。意思是只有他成 为冠军 （champion） 的时候才能获得奖牌。其余选项含义为：authority （权威） ，genius （天才） ，celebri
34、ty（名人） ；故正确答案是 B。 12 第第二二部分：阅读理解（共两节，部分：阅读理解（共两节，4040 分）分） 第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡 上将该项涂黑。 A If youre looking to buy a gift for your children, why not keep up with the trend and get the best hoverboard? What is a Hoverboard? A hoverboard is a two-wheeled
35、 personal transportation device. Its electrical, portable and became highly popular in 2015 in reference to a popular 1980s movie. Typically, this self-balancing device operates like a powered skateboard. How Does a Hoverboard Work? The device may have many designs, but the mechanism itself isnt com
36、plicated. Basically, a standard hoverboard contains: Battery: stores the electrical power. Almost all hoverboards use a high-watt lithium-ion battery. Gyroscope (one for each wheel): allows riders to tilt（倾斜）the hoverboard while maintaining balance and adjusting their direction. Motor (one in each w
37、heel): provides the power to the wheels to keep the rider balanced and upright. Logic board: functions as the hoverboard brain. It processes datayour speed, tilt, etc.and sends information to the motors. This unit controls the power of the board so riders can adjust their speed. hoverboard 13 All th
38、e above components work together to control the power and tilt of the hoverboards so the rider is balanced, upright and moving at a controlled speed. Why Buy a Hoverboard? Undoubtedly, hoverboards are cool. Youve probably seen kids riding one around the house. Theyre a phenomenon and everybody wants
39、 in. So, why deny your kids and prevent them from being part of this trend? Where is a hoverboard legal? Despite their wild popularity, hoverboards have yet to become “street-legal”. Currently, some places prohibit anyone under 16 from using these devices, and hoverboards are banned in academic inst
40、itutions and public places, like campus buildings, parks, shopping malls and subway stations. Some places have also put speed limits on the devices and restricted their use to bike paths. However, open areasincluding your yardare free of these restrictions. 14 31. The logic board of a hoverboard can
41、 _. A. store electricity B. power the wheels C. send information to the riders D. receive data and give command 【答案】 D 【解析】 本题考查文章细节；根据题干中的“logic board”可以定位到文章第二部 分第四个黑标题处。根据“It processes data and sends information to the motors.” 可知它能加工数据并将信息发送给发动机；故正确答案是 D。 32. According to the passage, a hoverboa
42、rd can be used _. A. on campus B. in parks C. on bike paths D. in shopping malls 【答案】 C 【解析】 本题考查文章细节；根据四个选项可知， 此题考察电动滑板的使用地点。定 位到文章的最后一个黑标题处。 根据“hover board are banned in academic institutions and public places, like campus buildings, parks, shopping malls and subway stations”, 可知 ABD 都被排除；故正确答案是 C
43、。 15 33. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To evaluate a gifts quality. B. To recommend a gift choice. C. To compare new hoverboard models. D. To clarify functions of the latest hoverboards. 【答案】 B 【解析】 本题考查文章主旨；根据题干中的“main purpose”可知此题为主旨题。 该类题目的出处往往是文章的首尾段。文章第一段就提及“ If you are looking t
44、o buy a gift for your children, why not keep up with the trend and get the best hover board”,意思是为小朋友推荐一件礼物；故正确答案是 B。 16 B Growing up, Deka Ismail says she let labels define what she could be. “I was a black girl, from a refugee（难民）family,” Deka said. “It was as if I was only allowed to explore in th
45、is predetermined box.” After a high school chemistry class inspired her to think about a career in science and gave her confidence in the field, Deka learned to live outside labels and began making big plans for her future. Now she is about to begin her freshman year at the University of California,
46、 planning to become a professor. Born and raised in San Diegos City Heights neighbourhood, Deka is the daughter of a Somali refugee couple. While some might say Dekas success happened in spite of her background, she would say differently, that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be the dr
47、iven, young scientist that she is today. When Deka was eight years old, her mother got a job by studying hard back in school in order to support the whole family. That made Deka realize that education could make a difference to ones life. She spent a lot of time in the library reading books, and did
48、nt do many of the things her peers did, like partying or having romantic relationships. “I always felt like I had to be the perfect girl for my family,” Deka said. “You have to not even do your best but two times better than everyone else. I felt like the whole world was waiting for me to mess up.” Dekas efforts paid off. The summer be
