1、VocabularyU4 Space Exploration格物致知，叩问苍穹1970年4月24日，中国第中国第1颗人造地球卫颗人造地球卫星星“东方红一号东方红一号”发射成功发射成功，拉开了中国人探索宇宙奥秘、和平利用太空、造福人类的序幕。2014年1月4日，国防科技工业局就设立“中国航天日”的提案召开专题座谈会，会上讨论并提出3个备选日期，会议决定正式启会议决定正式启动动“中国航天日中国航天日”的设立程序并上报国务院的设立程序并上报国务院。2016年3月8日，国务院回复同意设立“中国航天日”的批复：同意自同意自2016年起，将年起，将每年每年4月月24日设立为日设立为“中国航天日中国航天日”
2、。astronauton board26 words5 minutes to read these words on your ownastronautn.宇航员；太空人astronomy astronomerastrologyn.天文学proceduren.程序；步骤；手续procedural adj.程序性的a procedure for.的步骤emergency procedures 紧急状况的处理程序process proceedn.天文学家n.占星术n.过程；流程；进程 v.处理；加工v.开始行动，开展；继续做mentaladj.精神的；思想的mentally ad.精神上地ment
3、ality n.心态；思维方式1.mental health 2.mental illness3.My dad will go mental when he finds out.cm centimetrecentimetern.厘米meter n.米millimeter n.毫米decimeter n.分米kilometer n.千米 心理健康精神病我父亲要是发现了，他会气疯的。adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的SYN:smart,clever,brilliant,brightunintelligent adj.愚笨的；迟钝的；不聪明的intelligence n.n.智力；智能；才智arti
4、ficial intelligencea highly intelligent child intelligentrocketn.火箭；火箭弹 a space rocket 太空火箭v.快速增长；猛增rocketing prices 飞涨的价格人工智能非常聪明的孩子gravityn.重力；引力；严重性Newtons law of gravity 牛顿万有引力定律grave adj.重大的；严肃的；黯淡的 n.坟墓 v.雕刻gravely adv.严重地；严肃地；严峻地；沉重地frontiern.边境；国界；边远地区 SYN:border,boundaryA frontier between A
5、 and B A和B之间的边境a frontier town 边陲小镇a remote frontier settlement the frontier of sth.to push back the frontiers of science（学科或活动的）尖端，边缘开拓科学新领域边远地区定居点n.交通工具；车辆motor vehicles 机动车辆commercial vehicles 商用车辆space vehicles 太空交通工具A vehicle for.The play is an ideal vehicle for her talents.vehicleuniversen.宇宙；
6、天地万物universal adj.宇宙的；通用的university n.大学uni-“一”的手段，工具adj.有决心的；意志坚定的SYN:decisivedetermine v.查明；确定；决定determination n.决心determine on/upon doing sth.determine to do sth.de determined to do sth.1.An inquiry was set up to determine the cause of the accident.2.Upbringing plays an important part in determin
7、ing a persons character.3.They determined to start early.determined决定（做）某事决定要做某事下定决心做某事单句语法填空/一句多译(1)It is the astronaut s (determine)and patience that have enabled him to achieve a series of goals.(2)随着母亲节的临近，双胞胎决定为他们亲爱的妈妈准备一顿美味的早餐。With Mothers Day drawing near，the twins _prepare a delicious breakf
8、ast for their beloved mother.(2021新高考全国，读后续写)determinationwere determined to With Mothers Day drawing near，the twins _prepare a delicious breakfast for their beloved mother.With Mothers Day drawing near，the twins _preparing a delicious breakfast for their beloved mother.determined to determined on/u
9、ponorbitn.轨道；势力范围 v.沿轨道运行；环绕运行orbital adj.（行星或空间物体）轨道的 n.高速环行路satelliten.人造卫星；卫星天然卫星 launchv&n.发射；发起；上市to launch a missile/rocket 发射导弹火箭to launch an investigation 开始进行调查launch an attack/invasion 发起攻击；发动侵略launch out Its time I launched out on my own.moon该是我自己创业的时候了。开始从事于（新的、尤指更令人兴奋的事业）adj.巨大的；伟大的 n.巨
10、人；巨兽；伟人SYN:giant star 巨星giant panda 大熊猫giantn.跳跃；剧增；剧变 v.跳过；跃过leapt-leapt,leaped-leapedSYN:jumpLeap year A leap in sth.A leap in the darkLook before you leapLeap at sth leaphuge,tremendous,enormous,massive三思而后行赶紧抓住（机会）；欣然接受（机会/建议等）闰年骤变；剧增（未了解情况就采取的）冒险举动n.人类USYN:womankindan invention for the good of
11、all mankind 造福全人类的一项发明mankindn.（政府的）专门机构；服务机构；代理处agent n.代理人；代理商；特工an advertising/employment agency 广告公司；职业介绍所You can book at your local travel agency.你可以在当地的旅行社订票。News/press agency通讯社agencyhumans,the human race,humankindn.女性；妇女们v.传送；传输;传播 transmitted-transmittedtransmission n.U传送；传递；传播；传染transmit s
12、th(from to)signals transmitted from a satellitetransmit information transmit传输信息从传送到从卫星传送来的信号n.pl.资料；数据raw datadata stream data原数据数据流datum n.数据(单数）disappointedadj.失望的；沮丧的disappointing disappoint disappointmentbe disappointed at/by/in/with 对.失望to ones disappointment 令某人失望的是adj.令人失望的 v.使沮丧，使失望n.失望;沮丧b
13、e disappointed to do sthbe disappointed that 单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译(1)Their son always makes them at his performance and they can hardly contain their .(disappoint)(2)(读后续写之心理描写)，Jane knelt down，tears of regret streaming down her cheeks.既失望又无助，简跪了下去，悔恨的泪水从她的脸颊流淌了下来。disappointingdisappointeddisappointingdi
14、sappointmentDisappointed and helpless(3)The twins find that the bread turned out to be burnt.(2021新高考全国，读后续写)双胞胎失望地发现结果面包糊了。were disappointed ton.渴望；欲望 v.渴望；期望desirable adj.可取的；值得拥有的desired adj.渴望的have a desire to do/for sth.desire to do sth.desire sb.to do sth.“desire that主语(should)动词原形1.强烈的权力欲 a s
15、trong desire for power 2.我们都渴望健康和幸福。We all desire health and happiness.desire对的渴望渴望做某事ongoingadj.持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的持续的辩论 辨析：outgoing想让某人做某事an ongoing debateadj.爱交际的；友好的；外向的希望单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译(1)The intelligent and determined boy has a strong desire _knowledge.(2)(应用文之求助信)Since I have difficulty adapti
16、ng to the new surroundings，I some suggestions.由于我很难适应新环境，我希望你能给我一些建议。for desire you to offer me(3)It is desired _to raise public awareness of protecting the environment.希望政府发起一些活动以提高公众保护环境的意识。(4)(应用文之结束语)我渴望尽快收到你的来信。I receive your letter as soon as possible.(desire n.)I receive your letter as soon a
17、s possible.(desire v.)I I(should)receive your letter as soon as possible.(desire v.)that the government(should)launch some activities have a desire todesire todesire that继续做；坚持干carry on with sth 继续做某事carry on doing sth 继续做某事carry out 进行；贯彻；执行；实施carry through 帮助渡过难关；完成，实现carry on完成句子/一句多译(1)(建议信之结束语)
18、Only if you the above measures can you change your present situation.只有贯彻以上措施你才能改变你现在糟糕的状况。(2)The scientist had failed several times，but his determination tough times.这位科学家失败了好几次，但他的决心使他渡过了难关。carry outcarried him through在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上board n.板；木板；黑板，告示牌；委员会；董事会；伙食；膳食 v.登上船(车、飞机等)go on board 上船(火车、飞
19、机等)aboard adv.&prep.在船(飞机、火车等)上；上船(飞机、火车等)go aboard 上船(飞机、火车等)abroad adv.在国外；到国外go abroad 出国on board完成句子/一句多译(1)(应用文之申请信)I was the first student to for further study，so I strongly believe that the job suits me.我是第一个出国深造的学生，因此我坚信这份工作适合我。(2)The hurricane was strong and as a result，all the passengers _
20、 fell into the river and were drowned to death.飓风强劲，结果，船上的所有乘客都掉进河里，溺水而亡。go abroadon board/aboard(3)半年前，谢蕾告别她在中国的家人和朋友，登上了前往伦敦的飞机。Six months ago，Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and a plane for London.Six months ago，Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and w
21、ent a plane for London.Six months ago，Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and went a plane for London.boardedon boardaboard.一词多义快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加黑词汇对应的意思board高考热点A.n.伙食，膳食B.vt.登上C.n.告示牌D.n.委员会1.I am writing to apply for the position advertised on the board.2.We have launched a campa
22、ign to urge the board to raise the workers pay and conditions.3.When his family fell on hard times，he was offered free room and board.4.All the passengers must board the plane before 5 pm._CDABindependentlykeen26 wordsadv.独立地；自立的independent be independent of sth.不依赖的；独立自主的independence gain independe
23、nce（from sth.）（从中）获得独立dependent be dependent on sth.依靠;依赖dependableSYN:reliabledepend depend on sth.取决于,依赖independentlyadj.独立的；自立的 adj.依赖的；依靠的adj.可依赖的；可依靠的n.独立；自立 v.依赖;取决于单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Now that you have grown up，you should seek to be independent your parents and solve a series of problems _(independ
24、ent).(2)To study more efficiently，I hope that you can combine with cooperative study.为了更有效地学习，我希望你可以把自主学习和合作学习结合起来。ofindependentlyindependent learning(3)Whenever we are in trouble，we always our intelligent class teacher to offer us some suggestions.每当我们处于困境时，我们总是指望我们足智多谋的班主任给我们一些建议。depend onspacecra
25、ftspacewalkn.航天器；宇宙飞船craft n.手艺；工艺；技巧；小船aircraft n.飞机；航空器n.太空行走；太空行走的时间jaden.玉；翡翠；玉器dockv.(两架航天器)对接；（使）进港n.码头；船坞The ship was in dock.船泊在船坞。dockworker n.码头工人dockage n.船坞使用费；码头费v.标志着；标明；发信号 n.信号；标志a warning signal 警告信号traffic signals 交通信号灯a radar signal 雷达信号to detect/pick up signals 探测收到信号to emit a si
26、gnal 发射信号signal抱着的希望in the hope that.希望(that引导同位语从句，进一步补充说明hope的具体内容)hope to do sth/hope that.希望做某事It is hoped that.大家希望in the hope of doing sth单句语法填空/句型转换/一句多译(1)It is (hope)that effective measures can be taken to protect oceans from being polluted.(2022全国甲，书面表达)(2)(应用文之申请信)I am writing to you in t
27、he hope that I can be admitted to your drama club.I am writing to you your drama club.(用in the hope of改写)hopedin the hope of being admitted to(3)我真心希望能得到一个高分，给我生病的搭档一个惊喜。(2022浙江1月，读后续写)I sincerely to give my sick partner a surprise.(hope to do)I sincerely to give my sick partner a surprise.(hope tha
28、t)hoped to get a high scorehoped that I could get a high score为了；以便SYN:in order toLook at others with love,compassion,and kindness,so as to stay in harmony with all people.so as to(do sth)cycle bicyclecycloneencyclopedia recyclev.回收利用；再利用recycling n.（资源、垃圾的）回收利用recyclable adj.可回收利用的；可再循环的recycle bin
29、 回收站recycled paper 再生纸He recycled all his old jokes.他把那些老掉牙的笑话又说了一遍。n.肌肉；实力；影响力muscular adj.肌肉的；肌肉发达的masculine adj.男子汉的；男人的；像男人的to pull/tear/strain a muscle 拉伤撕裂扭伤肌肉to exercise political muscle 运用政治影响力musclelackn.缺乏；短缺 v.没有；缺乏lacking adj.缺少的，不足的缺少的，不足的lack of sthfor/through lack of 因缺少lack sth 缺乏某物b
30、e lacking in sth 在方面缺乏完成句子/一句多译(1)I must work hard in the hope of making up for .我必须努力学习，希望弥补能力的不足。(2)(读后续写之动作描写)因缺少足够的自信，我站在舞台上，低着头，双腿不受控制地颤抖。，I stood on the stage，with my head lowered and my legs trembling without control.(for lack of)a lack of abilityFor lack of sufficient confidenceBecause ，I st
31、ood on the stage，with my head lowered and my legs trembling without control.(lack sth)Because ，I stood on the stage，with my head lowered and my legs trembling without control.(be lacking in sth)I lacked sufficient confidenceI was lacking in sufficient confidencevi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流 n.彩车SYN:1.A gro
32、up of swans floated by.一群天鹅缓缓游过。2.Beautiful music came floating out of the window.美妙的乐声从窗口传出。float about/around （思想等）传播，流传Confucian thoughts are floating around.floatdriftadv.否则；要不然；除此之外My parents lent me the money.Otherwise,I couldnt have afforded the trip.我父母借钱给我了。否则，我可付不起这次旅费。or otherwise We insu
33、re against all damage,accidental or otherwise.我们的保险包括一切意外或其他损失。otherwise或其他情况；或相反prep.在更远处；超出beyond description 难以形容beyond control 失去控制beyond repair 无法修理beyond belief 难以置信beyond the reach of/beyond ones reach 超出的范围beyond recognition 认不出来beyond sb.对某人来说难以理解；对某人来说很难处理beyond ones power 超出某人的权力beyond完成句
34、子(1)The good view on the top of the hill is .山顶上的美景难以形容。(2)Unfortunately，my car was .As a result，it ran into a tree and it was .不幸的是，我的车失去了控制。结果，它撞上了一棵树，无法修理了。beyond descriptionbeyond controlbeyond repair(3)It is that he won the first prize in the English Speech Competition.他在英语演讲比赛中获得了一等奖，真是难以置信。(4
35、)What I must tell you is that such matters are _the law.我必须告诉你的是这样的事不在法律的管辖范围内。beyond beliefbeyond the reach of(5)I turn to my teacher for help，for the whole problem is _ .我向老师寻求帮助，因为我无法理解整个问题。(6)I couldnt allow you to be admitted into the club，because it was .我不能允许你进入俱乐部，因为这超出了我的权限。beyond mebeyond
36、my power.一词多义快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加黑词汇对应的意思 beyond prep.A.在另一边B.迟于C.超出D.除以外E.超出某人的理解能力1.I spent my childhood working，with responsibilities beyond my age.2.The whole problem was quite beyond me._CE3.On his right was a vegetable garden，and beyond it was a small orchard of apple trees.4.I had no plans beyond l
37、istening to my favorite records for the spring breaks.5.The party went on until beyond midnight._ADBadj.太阳的；太阳系solar system 太阳系solar energy/power 太阳能lunar adj.月球的；月亮的solaradj.当前的；现在的 n.水流；电流；思潮 currently adv.当前地 currency n.货币；流行1.current situation 现状；目前形势2.He swam to the shore against a strong curre
38、nt.他逆着急流游向岸边。3.a 15 amp electrical current 15安培的电流current弄懂；弄清楚，理解；弄明白SYN:I cant figure out how to do this.我弄不懂怎样做这件事。figure n.数字；算数；人物，人士；身材，体形；（书中的）图表 v.是重要部分；是的部分；认为；计算public figure 社会名人figure in 算进；包括go figure 猜猜看吧，令人搞不懂figure outfind out,make it clear,work out,make outadj.足够的；充足的sufficiently ad
39、v.充足地；足够的insufficient adj.不充足的；不充分的be sufficient for sth./sb.)对某事/人是足够的。be sufficient to do sth.足够的去做某事Allow sufficient time to get there.留出充足的时间好赶过去sufficientn.肥皂a bar/piece of soap 一条一块肥皂soaps=soap opera 肥皂剧soapn.毛巾；抹布辨析：tower n.塔toweln.=microwave oven 微波炉microwaven.纸巾；（人、动植物细胞的）组织muscle tissue 肌肉
40、组织a box of tissues 一盒纸巾a tissue of lies 一派谎言tissuen.设施；设备 pl.facilitiesfacilitate v.促进；帮助sports/leisure facilities 体育消闲设施new health care facility 新保健中心The hotel has special facilities for welcoming disabled people.这家旅馆有专供残疾人使用的设施。facilityadj.热衷的；渴望的;热心的；喜爱的；思维敏捷的；敏锐的；激烈的SYN:keenly adv.敏锐地keenness n.
41、敏锐be keen to do sth.热衷于做某事be keen on（doing）sth.喜爱/热衷于be keen that.热衷于1.John was very keen to help.约翰很热心，愿意帮忙。2.a keen sportsman 热心运动的人3.Toms very keen on Anna.汤姆迷上了安娜。4.Dogs have a keen sense of smell.狗的嗅觉很灵敏。5.There is keen competition for places at the college.要在这所学院就读竞争是非常激烈的。keeneager,sharp，inte
42、nse,competitiveglobeoxygen25 wordsn.地球；世界；地球仪global adj.全球的globally adv.全球地globalization n.全球化around the globe 全球；世界各地global issues 全球性问题globev.争论；辩论；讨论；论证argument n.争论；争辩；争吵；论点argue with sb about/over sth 因某事与某人争吵/争论argue for/against.赞成/反对argue that.主张，认为argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事hav
43、e an argument with sb about/over sth 就某事与某人争吵/争论argue单句语法填空/完成句子(1)All his (argument)are convincing and interesting，which is beyond belief.arguments(2)(议论文)Our class has recently _ carry on with space exploration.Some students are for it while others it.Personally，space exploration can assist mankin
44、d to solve the problem of lack of resources.最近我们班就我们是否应该继续太空探索彼此争论。一些学生支持而一些学生反对太空探索。在我看来，太空探索能够帮助人类解决资源匮乏的问题。had an argument/argued with eachother about/over whether we shouldargue against(3)John he could carry Bernard through the financial difficulty by selling popcorn.And Johns mother his idea.Th
45、en John rushed to Bernards home to _ in the market so as to earn some extra money.(2020新高考全国，读后续写)约翰认为他可以通过卖爆米花帮助伯纳德渡过经济困难。约翰的妈妈赞成他的主意。接着，约翰冲向伯纳德的家说服他在市场卖爆米花以赚取一些额外的钱。argued thatargued forargue him into selling popcorn(4)I am writing the letter in the hope of _ .我写这封信，希望说服你不要再沉迷于网络游戏了。arguing you ou
46、t of being addicted to online games any longeradj.致命的；灾难性的SYN:fate n.命运a fatal accident/illness 致命的事故疾病a fatal error/mistake 灾难性的错误There was a fatal flaw in the plan.计划中有一个致命的缺陷。fatalimportant,significant,critical,deadly adj.肤浅的；浅的SYN:OPP:a shallow dish 浅盘shallow sea 浅海I think he is shallow,vain and
47、 untrustworthy.我认为他浅薄、虚荣、不可信。shallowdeepsuperficial,low,surface 导致；造成SYN:The cyclone has resulted in many thousands of deaths.result n.结果；后果；得分；成绩 v.（因)发生as a result 结果，因此，所以as a result of 作为的结果；因为result from 由于；由造成result in 导致；造成result inlead to,bring about,contribute to,give rise to,cause 一句多译缺乏信心
48、导致他工作面试失败。(1)A lack of confidence his failure in the job interview.(2)His failure in the job interview a lack of confidence.(3)He lacked confidence，and ，he failed in the job interview.(4)a lack of confidence，he failed in the job interview.resulted inresulted fromas a resultAs a result ofn.模式；图案；模范SY
49、N:an irregular sleeping pattern 不规律的睡眠模式a pattern of diamonds and squares 菱形和正方形构成的图案patternmode,sample,example n.（对事物的）分析；分析结果analyze v.分析，分解analyst n.分析员，化验员The book is an analysis of poverty and its causes.这本书分析了贫困及其原因。analysisadj.高端的SYN:high-endhigh-class,upscale,upmarket,advanced,high-grade,hig
50、h-level,topn.监视器；检测仪;显示器；班长 v.监视；检测；监控SYN:monitorsupervisor;supervise adv.经常；定期的regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的irregular adj.不整齐的；不规则的；不正常的SYN:regularlyoften,periodicallyn.泡沫橡胶；泡沫 SYN:foam plastic 泡沫塑料；泡沫塑胶a glass of beer with a good head of foam 上面有厚厚一层泡沫的一杯啤酒foam bubble,frothn.枕头pillown.智能手机 cellular phon
