1、Unit 1 People of AchievementLearning about LanguageBuild up your vocabularyMatch the word with each definition1._ cook something in very hot water2._ relating to plants3._ qualities or characteristics of something4._ a kind of substance that flows freely,such as water or milk5._ physical material th
2、at existsboilbotanicalpropertiesliquidsubstance boilbotanical liquid n.液体chemical substance化学物质substance n.物质，主旨 How was artemisinin discovered?n.C特性，特征 Guess the meaning of the underlined words1.The two flowers are quite from one another,so it is easy to make a _ between them.2.Scientists need to _
3、 how the new material stands up to wear and tear to prove how it is.3.A talented scientist well known for his _ to his country,Huang Danian _himself to his research in geophysics.4.A:Did you come to any?B:Yes,we _ that by drawing out the extract at a low temperature,we could find the substance that
4、we needed to complete the experiment.5.She spends a lot of time_ her patients dreams.This is very helpful,explaining their daily behaviour very well.distinctionevaluatecommitmentconcludedanalysingdistinctvaluablecommittedconclusionanalysisWord formation-derivation（派生）:to create a new word by using p
5、refixes（前缀）and suffixex（后缀）.Practice-blank filling Lu Xun,_ as one of the greatest mordern writers in China,was born in Shaoxing,Zhejiang Province in 1881.In 1904,he went to Japan and became a medical student,with the _ of improving peoples health and saving lives.However,he changed his mind when he
6、 saw in a photo a Chinese man about to be killed by a Japanese soldier.It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo _ did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen.insist,obtain,objective,acknowledge,apparently,crucialacknowledgedobjectiveapparentlyPractice-blank fillingi
7、nsist,obtain,objective,acknowledge,apparently,crucialFrom this,he concluded that the _ problem in China was not physical illness,but the spiritual illness of people at that time.Following this,he quit medical school.When he returned to China in 1908,he _ a teaching job.In 1917,a friend _ that he hel
8、p write for a magazine called New Youth.That was how his first famous short story A Madmans Diary got published.crucialobtainedinsistedu What was Lu Xuns original objective?u What made him change his mind?u If you were him,would you change your mind?Why?DiscussionQ:How can people achieve success?Pla
9、se use words and expressions you have learnt in this unit.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 who,whom,which,that,whose,aswhere,when,whyBook1 Unit1 Discover Useful structures定语从句在高考中的考点及运用语法填空：填写正确的关系词。写 作：运用定语从句，增加文章亮点，提高文章档次。The classification of Attributive Clause The Restrictive Attributive Cla
10、use 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句Restrictive Attributive ClausePart 01The revision of restrictive attributive Clause 关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词：where,when,why1.The working environment,the happiness they get from their work and respect from others ar
11、e the things _ matter most.2.A friend is a present _ you give yourself.To be a good friend or partner,its important to be a good listener.3.The“housing slave”is a new expression in China,referring to people _ use most of their salary to repay bank loans due to soaring housing prices.4.The man _ I no
12、dded to is Mr.Li.5.I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.6.Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected.8.As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time _ he should be able to be independent.9.Do you know
13、the reason _ he didnt attend the meeting?that/whichwhichwhowhomwherewhenwhywhose区分区分that和和which1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle _were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4.This is the sec
14、ond novel _I have ever read.5.There is nothing in the world _can frighten me.6.Who is the man _is reading under the tree?thatthatthatthatthatthat只能用只能用that，不能用，不能用which的情况的情况 先行词先行词既有人，又有物既有人，又有物时。时。先行词被先行词被序数词或形容词最高级序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用修饰时，只用that。先行词有先行词有the only，the very，the just,the right等修饰时，只用等修饰时，
15、只用that。不定代词不定代词，如，如 something,anything，nothing，everything，all，much，few，any，little,none等作先行词时，只用等作先行词时，只用that，不用，不用which。当主句是以当主句是以who 或或which 开头的特殊疑问句时，用开头的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。以避免重复。区分区分that和和which只用只用which而不用而不用that的情况的情况非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句只用只用which而不能用而不能用that。He wrote a book_is on how to learn Englis
16、h well.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句He wrote a book,_ is on how to learn English well.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句在在介词提前介词提前的定语从句中，只用的定语从句中，只用which而不用而不用that。This is the place in _ Lu Xun used to live.which/thatwhichwhich关系代词关系代词whose的用法的用法1)A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.(孤儿孤儿)2)They live in a house,_ windows
17、 face south.whose 在从句中作定语,修饰人或物，意为“的”，whose+名词可换作 the+名词+of whom/which。whosewhoseThey live in a house,the windows _ _ face south.They live in a house,_ _ the windows face south.of whichof which抽象地点名词抽象地点名词+关系副词关系副词where 当先行词是当先行词是case,area,stage,degree,point,situation,atmosphere，environment,conditio
18、n,race等抽象地点名词时。等抽象地点名词时。1)They have reached the point _ they have to separate with each other.2)Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.3)Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.where where where 3.3.关系代词和关系副词的区别关系代词和关系副词的区别1.Ill never fo
19、rget the days_ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.3.I went to the place_ I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave.when(which)where(which/that)why(which/that)1.要看先行词是人还是物2.要
20、看先行词在从句中所担任的成分3.先行词不会在从句中出现，包括其指代4.当先行词在从句中做宾语时，关系词可以省略关系词的确定“介词关系代词介词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1.“介词关系代词介词关系代词”引导定语从引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用句时，关系代词只能用_或或_。1)This is the school in _ you will study.2)I have no money with _ I can buy a dictionary.3)This is the teacher from _ youll learn English.4)The gentleman about
21、_ you told me just now proved to be a thief.whichwhichwhomwhom2.如何确定关系代词前的介词？1.1.与先行词的搭配关系与先行词的搭配关系1)I will never forget the day _which I joined the army.2)I will never forget the year _which my son went to college.3)I will never forget the school _which I studied.4)He came to a farm,_which he final
22、ly settled(安顿安顿).on in in on whichwhom关系副词2.2.与与从句中谓语谓语动词、形容词的搭配的固定搭配的固定搭配1)Have you found the book _which I paid$29?2)Have you found the book _which I spent$29?3)Do you know the man _whom she often talks?4)The West Lake,_ which Hangzhou is famous,is a beautiful place.for onabout for1)Air,_ which ma
23、n cant live,is really important.空气非常重要，没有了它人类便不能生存。2)This is the man _ whom my brother has worked for ten years.这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那个人。withoutwith3.根据句子的意思来确定Non-Restrictive Attributive ClausePart 02定语从句的限定定语从句的限定性和非限定性性和非限定性？限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，去掉之后，主句意思不明确。非限制性定语从句用逗号隔开，是对先行词的附加说明，若删去主句意思仍然清楚从句缩小先行词范围，
24、限定。先行词唯一，没必要限定，从句为附加说明。The man is a doctor.Mr.Brown ,is a doctor.who lives next door who lives next doorExercises1.They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease.2.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize,which is considered one of the highest in
25、ternational honours a person can receive.3.Tu Youyou went to Hainan,where malaria was more common,to study malaria patients.4.Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered.Read the following sentences and underline the relative clauses.Then name the two types of clauses an
26、d state their functions.P5 EX.1restrictive relative clausesnon-restrictive relative clausesnon-restrictive relative clausesnon-restrictive relative clauses1.1.形式形式、含义含义、翻译翻译上有区别吗？上有区别吗？限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句作用上形式上含义翻译修饰限定,不可删除补充说明,删除后句意仍清晰形式形式、含义含义、翻译翻译上区别吗？上区别吗？Read,translate and compare1.In the class the
27、re are ten students who/that speak English very well.翻译翻译：含义：含义：形式形式 .2.In the class there are ten students,who speak English very well.翻译：翻译：含义：含义：形式形式 .3.I have a sister who/that is a doctor.翻译：翻译：含义：含义：形式形式 .4.I have a sister,who is a doctor.翻译：翻译：含义：含义：形式形式 .形式形式、含义含义、翻译翻译上区别吗？上区别吗？Read,translat
28、e and compare1.In the class there are ten students who/that speak English very well.翻译：翻译：含义：含义：形式：形式：2.In the class there are ten students,who speak English very well.翻译：翻译：含义：含义：形式：形式：这个班有10名英语说的好的学生限制性,班上不只有10名学生，但只有这10名学生英语说得好这个班有10名学生,他们英语说得很好，班上只有10个学生，补充说明他们的英语说得好没有逗号有逗号形式形式、含义含义、翻译翻译上区别吗？上区别
29、吗？Read,translate and compare3.I have a sister who/that is a doctor.翻译翻译：含义含义：形式：形式：2.I have a sister,who is a doctor.翻译：翻译：含义：含义：形式：形式：我有一个当医生的姐姐，除了当医生的姐姐，我还有其她姐姐我有一个姐姐，她是医生，我只有一个姐姐，她当医生限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句作用上形式上含义翻译修饰限定,不可删除补充说明,删除后句意仍清晰无逗号有逗号暗指不只有这些还有其他从句翻译在先行词前按句子词序翻译，常需重复先行词暗指只有这些限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限
30、制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 1.The moon,which is 384,400 kilometers form the earth,creates many beautiful stories.2.Dongguan,where I was born,is located in the south of china.3.I have three foreign teachers,two of whom are from Canada.4.I have a sister,who works in a hospital.5.He said that he had never seen
31、her before,which was not true专有名词（人名，地名）或独一无二的事物专有名词（人名，地名）或独一无二的事物some/many/few+of+which/whom时时唯一亲属唯一亲属关系代词指代整个主句内容时关系代词指代整个主句内容时2.思考：什么情况下通常要用非限制性定语从句3.非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法1.who,whom,which,as,whose 引导的非限制性定语从句(1)关系代词 who,whom 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人。(2)关系代词_在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语;_ 作宾语;介词后用 _。(5)whose 作定语,先行词是人时,whose
32、 十 n.相当于 the 十 n.+_。先行词是物时,whose 十 n.相当于 the 十 n.十 _。of whom of whichwhowhom whom(4)as指代整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语(3)关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语2.when,where 引导的非限制性定语从句(1)关系副词 when 在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语,指 代主句中表示_的词语。(2)关系副词 where 在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语,指代 主句中表示_的词语。(3)when/where 有时可以换成“介词十 which”。(4)不能用why
33、引导非限制性定语从句,要用 _ 代替。时间地点for which 1.As everyone knows,China is the largest developing country in the world.2.2.He forgot to bring his pen with him yesterday,as we expected.3.He said that he had never seen him before,which was obviously not true.4.He changed his mind,which made me quite angry.as引导非限制性
34、定语从句，引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个先行主句修饰整个先行主句，而不是某一个单词，而不是某一个单词，译译为为“_ ”。唯一可以唯一可以置于置于 ，也可置于，也可置于句中句中的关系词的关系词。正如，就像句首which引导非限制性定语从句，引导非限制性定语从句，其其先行词先行词可以是主句中的可以是主句中的一个名词（指一个名词（指物）物），也可以是，也可以是整个句子整个句子，只能放在先行词，只能放在先行词 翻译成翻译成 ,不可省略不可省略。这3.翻译句子翻译句子 比较比较as/which引导非限制性定语从句的用法引导非限制性定语从句的用法正如每个人都知道的，中国是最大的发展中国家。他昨天忘带笔了，
35、正如我们预料的那样。他说他以前没有见过他，这明显不是真的他改变了主意，这让我很生气。后 as as 常见搭配常见搭配 as is known to all；as you know as is expected as we expected as has been mentioned aboveas is reported/saidas a famous saying goesas is pointed out as you can see=as can be seen as is often the casen众所周知众所周知n正如你所知道的那样正如你所知道的那样n正如所预料的那样正如所预料的
36、那样 n正如我们所期待的正如我们所期待的n正如上面所提到的正如上面所提到的 n正如报道正如报道/所说所说的那样的那样n正如一句谚语所说正如一句谚语所说/俗话说俗话说n正如指出的正如指出的 n正如你所看见的正如你所看见的 情况通常如此情况通常如此Workbook：Using StructuresP621 Some people always talk loudly in public,_ is really annoying.2 Mr Smith,_you spoke to,is our new professor.3 Please come back at four oclock,_your
37、herbal medicine will be ready.4 What do you want to write about these people,_stories I have just told you?who whom which whose when wherein/of/for which of whom1.Choose the words in the box to complete the sentences.whichwho/whomwhenwhoseUsing Structures5 Have you been to the Louvre Museum,_you can
38、 see the Mona Lisa on display?6 There are 45 students in our class,out_ only 10 are taking an optional art course.7 Her mother works in a company,_ employees are all women.8 It is vital to learn to use these software programmes,both _can help you with collection and evaluation.where/in whichof whomi
39、n which/whereof whichWorkbook Using Structures2 Decide whether the sentences are right or wrong.Correct them where necessary.1 Please write down these phrases,all of them will be useful in your writing.2 Asa consequence of sending in his application late,he did not get a patent for his invention,tha
40、t was not surprising at all.whichwhichWorkbook Using Structures3 The researchers are evaluating thousands of plants,which have distinct medical properties.4 The gentle old man is the only person,whom I can trust.5 Have you done all what you can to help the people in need?6 Is this the botanical inst
41、itute where you visited last week?thatwhich/thatWorkbook Using Structures3 Write a few sentences about some great people with the information given below.Use relative clauses.Song Qingling,who was Dr Sun Yat-sens wife and one of the top leaders in modern Chinese history,devoted her life to improving
42、 the welfare of women and children.Neil Armstrong,who was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969,said,“Thats a small step for(a)man,one giant leap for mankind.”Norman Bethune,who came to China in World War II,worked selflessly in China as a doctor and saved many Chinese people.Lu Xun was a l
43、eading figure of modern Chinese literature.Lu Xun Literary Prize,which is one of Chinas top four literary prizesis awarded every three years.Joan of Arc,who was a girl dressed as a man,went to fight for her country.She helped drive the English invaders out of France.Rewrite the sentences using non-r
44、estrictive relative clauses.P5 EX.2 Exercises1.We were very impressed by the old man.He was not willing to acknowledge defeat.2.Afterwards,Einstein had to flee Germany.Hitler was in power there.We were very impressed by the old man,who was not willing to acknowledge defeat.Afterwards,Einstein had to
45、 flee Germany,where(=in Germany)Hitler was in power.the old manGermanythereHeExercises3.There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control.4.The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favorite novelist,J.K.Rowling.It inspired us a lot.There is nothing we can do
46、to help Linda,whose circumstances are beyond our control.The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favorite novelist,J.K.Rowling,which inspired us a lot.5 The building under construction was designed by I.M.Peia famous Chinese-American architect.He was born in Guangzhou,China.6 I was asked t
47、o explain the project with the help of a flow chart.It was a big challenge for me.ExercisesThe building under construction was designed by I.M.Peia famous Chinese-American architect,who was born in Guangzhou,China.I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart,which it was a big challenge for me.a flow chart It
