1、UNIT 3The world meets China-Understanding ideas1.Students could learn to memorize some words and phrases.2.Students could get the main idea of this passage.3.Students could write sentences about this topic.Learning Aims:新单词短语gateway/etwe/n.通向的门户oasis/ess/n.（沙漠中的）绿洲glorious/lris/adj.辉煌的 boast/bst/v.（
2、地方、机构等）自豪地拥有 grotto/rt/n.小洞穴 testimony/testmni/n.证据；证明 statue/sttu/n.雕像；塑像 mural/mjrl/n.壁画 religious/rlds/adj.宗教的 Apsaras/psrs/n.飞天New words!New words!新单词短语immortal/mtl/n.神 heavenly/hev()nli/adj.天国的 peak/pik/n.高峰，顶点 Taoist priest 道士 scroll/skrl/n.纸卷，卷轴ceramics/srmks/n.陶瓷制品crossroads/krsrdz/n.活动中心，汇集
3、地 expo/eksp/n.展览会，博览会 strengthen/stre()n/v.加强coverage/kv()rd/n.覆盖范围 What things makes Dunhuang unique?Because of the Mogao Grottoes,its colourful murals and the Mingsha Mountain.What else do you know about Dunhuang?莫高窟，坐落于河西走廊的西部尽头的敦煌。它的开凿从十六国时期至元代，前后延续约1000年，这在中国石窟中绝无仅有。它既为中国古代文明的一个璀璨的艺术宝库，也是古代丝绸之路
4、上曾经发生过的不同文明之间对话和交流的重要见证。莫高窟现有洞窟735个，保存壁画4.5万多平方米，彩塑2400余尊，唐宋木构窟檐5座，是中国石窟艺术发展演变的一个缩影，在石窟艺术中享有崇高的历史地位。窟内绘、塑佛像及佛典内容，为佛徒修行、观像、礼拜处所。敦煌石窟是建筑、雕塑、壁画三者结合的立体艺术。洞窟分南北两区:南区492个洞窟是莫高窟礼佛活动的场所，北区243个洞窟主要是僧人和工匠的居住地，内有修行和生活设施土炕坑、烟道、壁龛、灯台等，但多无彩塑和壁画。1.What is the passage most probably from?a.A travel brochure.b.A tour
5、 commentary.c.A blog.d.A lecture.D1 Welcome to Dunhuang!On the old Silk Road,this city was the gateway to and from Ancient China,a place where East met West,and a green island in the middle of the desert.You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis of Dunhuang ahead of them.1欢迎来到
6、敦煌！在古老的丝绸之路上，这座城市是进出古代中国的门户，是东西方交汇的地方，也是沙漠中的一个绿岛。你只能想象旅行者看到前方的敦煌绿洲时的感受。Try to translate the sentences?介词to先相关短语：the gateway to 的门口the entrance to 的入口the key to 的关键the approach to 的途径/方法the solution to 的解决办法2 Dunhuangs long and glorious history represents its significance as a centre of cultural and
7、commercial exchange.Today,Dunhuang is a world-class tourist destination boasting sites with UNESCO-protected heritage status.Now,we are going to enter some of the citys famous caves,of which there are more than 700.Known as the Mogao Grottoes,these ancient caves were carved out of the rock over a pe
8、riod of 1,000 years.If you look up,you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together.Look at these statues!You can see elements from Ancient Greece,India and Iran.Now look around the walls of the cave.Come a little bit closer so that
9、you can get a better view.Look at them!The murals cover an astonishing area of 45,000 square metres.2敦煌悠久而辉煌的历史代表了它作为文化和商业交流中心的重要性。如今，敦煌已成为世界级旅游目的地，拥有联合国教科文组织保护遗产。现在，我们将进入该市一些著名的洞穴，其中有700多个。这些古老的石窟被称为莫高窟，由岩石雕刻而成，历时1000年。如果你抬头看，你可以看到绘画和其他艺术品，它们见证了丝绸之路是如何将东西方结合在一起的。看看这些雕像！你可以看到来自古希腊、印度和伊朗的元素。现在看看洞穴的墙壁
10、。走近一点，这样你就能看到更好的景色。看看他们！壁画面积惊人，达45000平方米。Try to translate the sentences?敦煌的英文：Dunhuang(city in Gansu)参考例句：The beauty of Dunhuang is unique in the world.敦煌的美在世界上是独一无二的。The Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is surely a shining pearl on the Silk Road.丝路明珠敦煌莫高窟Most of the Dunhuang Murals depict Buddhist stories.敦
11、煌壁画所表现的大都是佛教内容They prepared a big exhibition of Dunhuang Art.他们筹备了一个大型敦煌艺术展览。The Dunhuang frescoes are gems of ancient Chinese art敦煌壁画是我国古代艺术中的瑰宝。3 The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life.But one type of mural that is unique to Dunhuang shows the Ap
12、saras,or“Flying Immortals”.Representations of these heavenly musicians,singers and dancers decorate the walls of many caves.Take a look at this mural.The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky,with their scarves flying,as if they are about to fly down to meet us.And here is another one.
13、Move over here where you can see it in more detail.The Apsaras are holding lotuses,playing musical instruments,dancing and throwing flowers.The painting of Apsaras reached a peak during the Tang Dynasty;these images are full of life,reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from that time.3敦煌
14、壁画的主题从宗教故事到日常生活场景各不相同。但有一种壁画是敦煌独有的，它展示了“飞天神仙”。这些天堂般的音乐家、歌手和舞者的形象装饰着许多洞穴的墙壁。看看这幅壁画。飞天被描绘成在明亮的蓝色天空中航行，他们的围巾飞扬，好像要飞下来迎接我们。这是另一个。移到这里，在那里你可以更详细地看到它。飞天族拿着莲花，演奏乐器，跳舞，扔鲜花。飞天图在唐代达到了顶峰；这些图像充满了活力，反映了当时人们的自信和乐观。Try to translate the sentences?4 Now,something really extraordinary happened in 1900,when a Taoist p
15、riest made one of the most important finds of the 20th century.In a sealed cave,now known as the famous Library Cave,were hidden thousands ofmanuscripts,paintings and scrolls,as well as silk embroideries.Well have a chance to seesome of them shortly the Library Cave is only a stones throw from here.
16、Dating from405 AD to 1002 AD,these hidden treasuresgive us a picture of Dunhuang when it was atthe very centre of the Silk Road trade.Thanks to this ancient library,we now know thatgoods arrived in Dunhuang from as far away as North-east Europe,and that goods were also exported from Dunhuang across
17、Asia and Europe.The scrolls are so detailed that they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang,suchas ceramics,medicine,perfumes and fruit,to name just a few.The scrolls also reveal how many different communities lived side-by-side within this great city.However
18、,the reason why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years ago remains a mystery.4现在，1900年发生了一件非同寻常的事情，当时一位道士发现了20世纪最重要的发现之一。在一个密封的洞穴里，现在被称为著名的图书馆洞穴，隐藏着数千幅手稿、绘画和卷轴，以及丝绸刺绣。我们很快就会有机会看到其中的一些图书馆洞穴离这里只有一箭之遥。这些隐藏的宝藏可以追溯到公元405年至1002年，让我们看到了敦煌处于丝绸之路贸易中心时的景象。多亏了这个古老的图书馆，我们现在知道货物从遥远的东北欧到达敦煌，货物也从敦煌出口到亚洲和欧洲
19、。卷轴如此详细，以至于它们描述了从敦煌进出口的各种商品，如陶瓷、药品、香水和水果等。卷轴还揭示了在这座伟大的城市里有多少不同的社区并排生活。然而，图书馆洞穴在这么多年前被封闭的原因仍然是个谜。Try to translate the sentences?5 In the Ming Dynasty,trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be.Gradually,it faded from memory,even though it was once such a great city 6 Thi
20、s century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road Initiative.Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it hosted hundreds of representatives from 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017.Given that the theme of the Expo was to pr
21、omote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road,Dunhuang was the ideal place.7 Now lets move on to the next cave5到了明代，商路发生了变化，敦煌不再像过去那样繁荣。渐渐地，它从记忆中消失了，尽管它曾经是一个如此伟大的城市.6本世纪，通过“一带一路”倡议倡议，丝绸之路再次焕发生机。自2017年接待了来自51个国家的数百名代表参加丝绸之路国际文化博览会以来，敦煌再次成为全球十字路口。鉴
22、于博览会的主题是促进丝绸之路沿线国家之间的文化交流和加强相互合作，敦煌是理想之地。7现在让我们进入下一个洞穴Try to translate the sentences?Dun Huang IntroductionIt is a magnificent art treasures filling the famed Mogao Grottoes,among the ancient and consummate creations in China,carved the time of the Mongolian conquest.The grottoes show an uninterrupt
23、ed history of Chinese painting,over a period of nearly a thousand years.The Magao Grottes,popularly known as the Thousand Buddhas Caves,were built on the eastern cliff of Mingsha Mountain,25 kilometres to the south-east of DunHuang city.In 366 A.D.a monk named Yuezun had a vision of the Buddhas over
24、 the Sanwei Mountain opposite the cliff of the Mingsha Mountain,so the devout believer set to build the first cave on the cliff.Since then more and more caves have been excavated over a thousand year.The Grottes is the largest in the world and the best preserved treasure-house of Buddhist art,keepin
25、g 492 caves,45,000 sqpare meters of murals,and about 3,000 painted statues.重点词汇Mogao Grottoes 敦煌莫高窟Chinese painting 中国画;国画a period of 一段时期be known as 被称为;被认为是;以而闻名cliff 悬崖，绝壁uninterrupted 未被打断的BChoose the best summary of the passage.A.The Silk Road was an ancient trade route between East and West,wh
26、ich passed through Dunhuang.B.The Silk Road city of Dunhuang has a splendid history and is once again a meeting place for people from around the world.C.In Dunhuang there are grottoes,murals and other sights that attract tourists from all over the world.Introductionsignificanceits muralsits Library
27、CaveFaded graduallyIt was brought to human life Welcome to Dunhuang!Para.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Para.6DunhuangLocation:Gansu ProvinceSignificance:lUNESCO-protected heritage sitesl1_l2_.the gateway a centre of cultural and commercial exchange DunhuangCaves in Mogao Grottoes:The caves were carved ou
28、t of the rock 3_.StatuesThe statues include elements from4_.over 1,000 years Ancient Greece,India and Iran MuralsCoverage:5_Topics:6 _ _Apsaras Also called 7_,they represent 8_.Apsaras painted during the Tang Dynasty are a reflection of the 9_during that time.45,000 square metresvary from religious
29、stories to scenes of everyday life“Flying Immortals”musicians,singers and dancersconfidence and optimism of peopleLibrary Cave Discovered inside were 10_ _ These give us 11_Dunhuang has once again become 12 _.a global crossroads manuscripts,paintings，scrolls,embroideries.a picture of Dunhuang 折叠九层楼
30、洞窟编号第96号，初唐(618705)。此窟开凿于初唐，窟内的大佛高35.5米，两膝间宽度为12米，是莫高窟的第一大佛。根据敦煌遗书莫高窟记记载，这尊大佛为唐代武周证圣元年(695年)由禅师灵隐和居士阴祖所建。是佛国三世中的未来佛弥勒佛，即释迦牟尼的接班人。大佛的制作方法为石胎泥塑，即在崖壁的石沙岩体上凿出佛像的大体形状，再用草泥垒塑、用麻泥细塑，最后着色而成。这尊大佛因多次重修，已非唐塑原貌，但仍不失雄伟壮观的气势。窟前的建筑为九层楼，因其共有九层而得名，原为四层，晚唐(874879)年间建成五层，宋初(966年)重修，九层楼是1935年建造，它攒尖高耸，檐牙错落，铁马叮咚，已成为莫高窟的标
31、志之一。藏经洞 藏经洞的内壁绘菩提树、比丘尼等图像，中有一座禅床式低坛，上塑一位高僧洪辨的坐相，另有一通石碑，似未完工。从洞中出土的文书来看，最晚的写于北宋年间，且不见西夏文字，因此可推断藏经洞是公元11世纪时，莫高窟的僧人们为躲避西夏军队，在准备逃难时所封闭的。莫高窟藏经洞是中国考古史上的一次非常重大的发现，其出土文书多为写本，少量为刻本，汉文书写的约占六分之五，其它则为古代藏文、梵文、齐卢文、粟特文、和阗文、回鹘文、龟兹文、希伯来文等。文书内容主要是佛经，此外还有道经、儒家经典、小说、诗赋、史籍、地籍、帐册、历本、契据、信札、状牒等，其中不少是孤本和绝本。这些对研究中国和中亚地区的历史，都
32、具有重要的史料和科学价值，并由此形成了一门以研究藏经洞文书和敦煌石窟艺术为主的学科-敦煌学。四大石窟莫高窟云冈石窟 龙门石窟 麦积山石窟2.What is the main idea of the passage?a.the Belt and Road Initiative will revitalize Dunhuang once again.b.Dunhuang has a glorious history.c.Dunhuang becomes the world-class tourist destination thanks to Mogao Grottoes.d.How the Li
33、brary Cave was discovered.AWhat would you most like to see in Dunhuang?What is your understanding of these words?Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads”?Its history and charm.Try to write a passage about Dunhuang.Dun Huang IntroductionIt is a magnificent art treasures filling the famed M
34、ogao Grottoes,among the ancient and consummate creations in China,carved the time of the Mongolian conquest.The grottoes show an uninterrupted history of Chinese painting,over a period of nearly a thousand years.The Magao Grottes,popularly known as the Thousand Buddhas Caves,were built on the easter
35、n cliff of Mingsha Mountain,25 kilometres to the south-east of DunHuang city.In 366 A.D.a monk named Yuezun had a vision of the Buddhas over the Sanwei Mountain opposite the cliff of the Mingsha Mountain,so the devout believer set to build the first cave on the cliff.Since then more and more caves h
36、ave been excavated over a thousand year.The Grottes is the largest in the world and the best preserved treasure-house of Buddhist art,keeping 492 caves,45,000 sqpare meters of murals,and about 3,000 painted statues.重点词汇Mogao Grottoes 敦煌莫高窟Chinese painting 中国画;国画a period of 一段时期be known as 被称为;被认为是;以而闻名cliff 悬崖，绝壁uninterrupted 未被打断的Try to talk your ideas with others1.2.3.Thank you!
