1、TO CLONE OR NOT TO CLONE语篇研读语篇研读主题语境主题意义主题语境主题意义本课是本单元的第一篇阅读课，文章对“克隆还是不克隆”问题进行剖析，作者提出了自己的观点表明自己的态度，属于“人与自然”主题的“人类生存，社会发展与环境的关系”。2018年引发轩然大波的深圳基因编辑婴儿双胞胎是人类的带来福音还是灾难开启？本文的主题意义在通过展示人们对克隆技术使用和不同态度，启发人们思考如何使用人类自然科学研究成果。旨在让学生了解科技发展也要按照生态学规律办事，尊重自然环境上的自然环境，才能使人类更好的与自然环境，社会环境，和谐相处，进而实现人类社会的可持续发展。高科技的发展又确实是一
2、柄双刃剑。主要主要内容内容whatwhat本文语篇作者通过介绍克隆的定义种类、人类克隆技术的例子和人们对克隆的不同态度有人高兴医学研究的进步，有人忧愁道德伦理的问题和使用技术的正当性，作者表达了自己的观点：克隆技术在医学研究中是有用的工具，但也有可能成为危险。语语篇类型：篇类型：议论文议论文Learning Objectives01020304I can analyze the writers intentions and opinionsI can read new words I can read for specific and detailed information I can te
3、ll how the writer organizes writing1._ adj.精确的_ adv._ n._ adj.(antonym)2._ n.福气;幸运_ v.祝福;祝圣_ adj.神圣的;有福的;愉快安宁的3._ n.比较_ adj.比较的_ v.比较;对比4.突破技术壁垒_ 5.患上一种疾病_6.精准复制_ 7.一个主要问题_8.与相比_ 9.全身心地投入到_10.延缓衰老_ 11.有可能做某事_12.引起争议_ 13.激发强烈的情绪_14.对至关重要_ 15.引发道德担忧_have the potential to do sthin comparison withbe cru
4、cial formake an exact copy ofaccurateaccuratelyaccuracyinaccurateblessingblessblessedcomparisoncomparativecomparebreak the technical barrierdevelop an illnessa major issuebe wholly devoted toprevent the aging processprovoke strong emotionscause a great deal of disagreementraise moral concerns【Previe
5、w Task】16.16.注定注定会会_ _ 17.17.被被看做看做_18.18.滥用滥用技术技术_19._19.满足满足研究需求研究需求_20.develop 20.develop artificially _ artificially _ 21.identical 21.identical genes_ genes_ 22.mammal 22.mammal species_ species_ 23.non-reproductive 23.non-reproductive cells_cells_24.ethical 24.ethical questions_ questions_ 25.
6、a 25.a powerful instrument_powerful instrument_26.individuals 26.individuals with their own identity_with their own identity_suit research needsbe seen/viewed/treated asbe bound toabuse the technology人为培育完全相同的基因哺乳动物非生殖细胞伦理问题强有力的工具具有独特个性的个体【Preview Task】In 1996,the worlds first cloned animal was born
7、.It was a sheep named Dolly.Dolly was generated by an adult sheeps somatic cell.In 1998,the worlds first cattle is replicated from a somatic cell in Japan.And then they produced cloned beef and milk.What do you know about cloning?What additional information would you like to know?Use the words and p
8、hrases to help you.cell species to edit genes identical genes to develop artificially to make an exact copy of to break the technical barrier to produce animal modelsActivate and ShareRead for Structure1.What is the genre of the article?Why?A.Narrative(记叙文)B.Expository essay(说明文)C.Argumentative essa
9、y(议论文)Read through the article.Draw a structural map to show how the paragraphs are organised.Para.1 Definition and classificationAttemptsPara.2 DollyPara.3 Zhong Zhong and Hua HuaOpinionsPara.4 Possible benefitsPara.5 DisagreementPara.6 ConclusionRead paragraphs 1-3 and make detailed notes about cl
10、oning that better illustrate the information.Then share your notes in a small group.AttemptsDollya short life,health problemsthe process of making an exact copy of a plant or animal,develop naturally or artificiallyZhong Zhong and Hua Huafirst-ever primatesmuch harderwholly devotedcloningdefinition1
11、.What is cloning?2.What examples of natural cloning are given?3.What was the first cloned mammal?What happened to her?Cloning is the process of making an exact copy of a plant or animal and developing it naturally and artificially.An example of natural cloning is taking a cutting from a plant and pu
12、tting it in soil,and another is identical twins.The first cloned animal was Dolly the sheep.She developed an illness and died when she was six and a half years old.Pair Work.Read the first three paragraphs again.Ask and answer the questions in pairs based on your notes.4.How has the science of cloni
13、ng developed since the first cloned mammal?5.What development in cloning was announced in 2018?What was special about it?6.For how long did Dr.Sun Qiangs team work?Why did they work so hard?Scientists have been able to clone animals of other species.In 2018,the first two long-tailed monkeys were clo
14、ned.Cloning a primate is more difficult than cloning other animals.Dr.Sun Qiangs team worked for more than five years in order to get animals with edited genes and produce animal models.Group Work.Read paragraphs 4-5.List the potential benefits of,and moral concerns about cloning primates.Add your o
15、wn concerns.Then share your notes in groups.Cloning primatesPotential benefitsMoral concernscures for diseases,prevent aging,save research time,reduce the number of animals being tested on,producing more accurate results,better treatmentclones should be treated as objects or individuals,clones are i
16、nferior,some organisations may abuse the technology Read the last paragraph.What does Einsteins quote mean?Einsteins quote means that science itself cant be judged as good or bad,because it can only function when it is used by humans.He also indicates humans need to be careful with the information t
17、hey learn through science and to remember to use science for good.“Science is a powerful instrument.How it is used,whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind,depends on mankind and not on the instrument.A knife is useful,but it can also kill.”Talk about cloning using the information in Talk abou
18、t cloning using the information in the article.the article.Group Work.Think and share.1.Why do researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced?2.What is the writers attitude towards cloning?Five evidence.Researchers insist on explore cloning to continue making
19、progress in curing diseases and developing treatments.The writer feels that cloning can be a helpful tool in medical research but that it can also become dangerous.Evidence of this is in the writers use of Einsteins quote.Read the first sentence of each paragraph.Are there any single words,such as l
20、inking words or time expressions,that help to make the article coherent.Para.2:Para.2:for yearsfor yearsPara.3:Para.3:in January in January 20182018Para.5:Para.5:howeverhoweverPara.6:Para.6:so farso farSearch online and find more information about the development of cloning.Share the information in
21、class.When you search for cloning,the following key words can be used:cloning,identical,research,genes,controversy,species,laboratory.Do you think cloning is a good idea?Use what you have learnt to try to persuade someone to accept your point of view.Yes,I think cloning is a good idea to some extent
22、.You can replicate organs and blood tissues to save lives.But,cloning humans for harvesting their organs,and super babies with abilities beyond ones imagination,are bad ideas that will lead to more problems.Most of the time,there are many risks involved.Express yourself Finish exercise 10 on page 54
23、.Finish exercise 10 on page 54.HomeworkHomeworkExercise 10 Complete the summary using the information in the article.Natural cloning has taken place for generations.An example of this is identical 1 _.A sheep called Dolly was the first mammal to be cloned 2 _.Since Dolly,more than 20 mammal 3 _ have
24、 been cloned including camels and goats.In 2018,China announced that two monkeys had been cloned.twinsartificiallyspeciesIn comparison with other species,scientists have had to work hard to break the technical 4 _to get primates with 5 _genes.Scientists say that this major breakthrough offers the 6
25、_ to create monkeys with 7 _ genes to give more 8 _ research results and perhaps lead to 9 _for various diseases.Whilst scientists insist it is 10 _ to continue research,others raise 11 _ concerns and worry that the technology might be 12 _by some organisations.barrierseditedpotentialidenticalaccura
26、tecurescrucialmoralabusedLanguage points第二课时第二课时1.identical 完全相同的 identity n.特征，身份 identify vt.认出，发现be identical to/with in 与在方面完全相同a sense of national identity民族认同感identity card(ID card)身份证identify as 确认是How would you feel if a specialist designed someone identical _ you?The next step will be _(ide
27、ntify)the cause of the breakdown.The two words are identical _ meaning and can be used interchangeably.to/withto identifyin2.crucial adj.至关重要的，关键的 crucially adv.be crucial to/for a crucial question/point/factor/battleIn any college application process the interview is _(crucial)important.翻译：做出正确的职业选
28、择对个人成功至关重要。cruciallyMaking right career choices is crucial to/for personal success.3.inferior 低级别的，差的 反superior 级别高的，上等的be inferior to比差/次be of inferior quality质量差The implication in his article is that being a housewife is greatly _ _ other occupations.inferior to4.blessing n.福气，幸运 bless v.祝福，称颂，为祈神
29、赐福 be blessed with享有（幸福），赋有（能力）we _ _ _ new opportunities and faced with new challenges.我们拥有新的机遇，也面临新的挑战。are blessed with5.be bound to do一定会 be bound for 准备前往Wed better take a plane that is bound _ China.We are bound _(do)what we can to help the disabled.So long as we hold fast to our ideals and nev
30、er give up,we _.只要我们坚持梦想，永不放弃，我们一定会取得成功。forto doare bound to achieve parison n.比较，对照 compare parative adj.make a comparison in comparison withTheres no comparison.无法相比，不能相提并论Could you _ _ _between the two films?你能将两个电影比较一下吗？The tallest buildings in London are small _ _ _New Yorks skyscrapers.伦敦最高的建筑
31、物与纽约的摩天大厦一比就相形见绌。翻译：这两家饭店完全不能相提并论.make a comparisonin comparison withTheres absolutely no comparison between the two restaurants.完成时完成时 The Perfect1.定义定义完成时表示一个完成的动作。用来表示现在、过去或者未来某个时间点已经或将会完成的动作。完成时表示一个完成的动作。用来表示现在、过去或者未来某个时间点已经或将会完成的动作。2.构成构成主语主语+have(根据时态和人称变化形式根据时态和人称变化形式)+动词过去动词过去分词分词3.类别类别1）现在完
32、成）现在完成时时 Present perfect2）现在完成进行时）现在完成进行时 Present perfect continuous3）过去完成时）过去完成时 Past perfect4）过去完成进行时）过去完成进行时 Past perfect continuous现在完成时现在完成时 Present perfect1.定义定义现在完成时表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，对现在造成的影响，可能持续发生下去现在完成时表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，对现在造成的影响，可能持续发生下去。(1)表示动作发生在过去，到现在已完成，强 调对现在造成的影响或结果，常与yet,already,just,be
33、fore,lately等词连用。(2)表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到现 在，还有可能继续下去，常同these days,recently,so far,in the last/past,for+时间 段和since+时间点等连用。2.构成构成主语主语+have/has+动词过去分词动词过去分词现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 Present perfect continuous1.定义定义现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。(1)表示动作从过去
34、某时开始，一直延续到说 话时刻，还在继续进行或可能进行下去，常与 表示一段时间的状语连用。(2)表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续 到说话时刻刚结束。2.构成构成主语主语+have/has+been+动词现在分词动词现在分词过去完成时过去完成时 Past perfect1.定义定义过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，以及此过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，以及此动作对过去的某一点造成的影响动作对过去的某一点造成的影响。2.构成构成主语主语+had+动词过去分词动词过去分词(2)表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或存 在的状态一直持续到这一过去时刻，并
35、可能继续下去，常同由for或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。(3)常用过去完成时的固定结构及句型：hardly.when./no sooner.than.(主句用 过去完成时，从句用一般过去时)It was the first/second/.time+(that).(从 句用过去完成时)She had hardly gone to bed when the bell rang.It was the first time that I had come across such a complicated problem.用法(1)表示在过去某一时刻或某个动作之前已 经发生或完成的
36、动作或情况。表示的时间是 过去的过去，这个过去的时刻常用由by,before等引导的短语或时间状语从句来表示，也可以通过表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。过去完成进行时过去完成进行时 Past perfect continuous1.定义定义过去完成进行时表示动作从过去的过去开始一直延续到过去某个时间点。在过去某个时间点时，这个动过去完成进行时表示动作从过去的过去开始一直延续到过去某个时间点。在过去某个时间点时，这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能仍然在进行。作可能刚刚停止，也可能仍然在进行。2.构成构成主语主语+had+been+动词现在分词动词现在分词Identify the tense of the
37、 sentences and write the number in the correct columns.1.Natural cloning has been going on for generations.2.Gardeners have been using a form of cloning when they take a cutting from a plant.3.For years,there had been attempts to clone animals.4.Cloning primates has been proved to be“much harder”tha
38、n cloning other species.5.Dr.Sun Qiang said they had been wholly devoted to the research.6.Dr.Sun Qiang said they had been taking care of more than 1000 monkeys 24 hours a day,7days a week.Present perfectPresent perfectcontinuousPast perfectPast perfectcontinuous41,23,56Exercise1.On Thursday,the Ins
39、titute of Neuroscience announced it _(clone)two monkeys using non-reproductive cells.2.It is reported that researchers all around the world _(conduct)tests on animals,such as mice and dogs,for many years but couldnt find a way to clone monkeys.3.The news of the successful cloning _(attract)attention
40、 from around the world.4.However,cloning primates _(also raise)ethical concerns.5.For example,some people _(discuss)issues concerning how clones will be treated in society.had clonedhave been conductinghas attracted have also raisedhave been discussing6.The cyclist_(perform)impossibly well for sever
41、al competitions,raising the suspicions of the judges.7.He_(represent)his country at international events for over a decade and continues to impress everyone.8.Scientists_(discover)even more ways to improve physical performance over the past ten years.9.I _(try)to qualify for the swimming team for th
42、ree years,but I still cant quite make the cut.10.He_(finish)five seconds earlier in the event,so she was chosen for the Olympic team.have been performing has been representing have discovered have been trying had finished 12Complete the passage with the proper form of the words in brackets.On Thursd
43、ay,the Institute of Neuroscience announced it 1 _(clone)two monkeys using non-reproductive cells.It is reported that researchers all around the world 2 _(conduct)tests on animals,such as mice and dogs,for many years but couldnt find a way to clone monkeys.The news of the successful cloning 3 _(attract)attention from around the world.However,cloning primates 4 _(also raise)ethical concerns.For example,some people _(discuss)issues concerning how clones will be treated in society.had clonedhave been conductinghas attractedhave also raisedhave been discussingFinish the exercise in your worksheet.
