1、Unit 2 Onwards and upwards-ing and to-infinitive as objectB 4 U 2 定义定义 -ing and to-infinitive as object动名词和动词不定式具备名词的特点和语法特征，因此，可以作句子的主语、宾语或表语。主要作及物动词或介词的宾语。a J.D.Salinger started writing short stories in high school,.b J.D.Salinger started to write short stories in high school.Look at the sentences
2、 from the reading passage and answer the questions.1 Do sentences(a)and(b)have the same meaning?Yes,they do.c Nevertheless,the sisters didnt stop trying.d Nevertheless,the sisters didnt stop to try.2 Do sentences(c)and(d)have the same meaning?No,they dont.e These are the words that every writer drea
3、ds receiving,.Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.3 Can“receiving”in sentence(e)be changed into“to receive”?No,it cant.Now Look for more sentences with these structures in the reading passage,and summarise their uses in your own words.Now look for more sentences t
4、hese structures in the reading passage.1.We regret to inform you.2.one publisher eventually agreed to print 500 copies of her first book.3.but later struggled to get his works published.4.Despite rejections from several publishers,J.D.Salinger refused to give up.5.This,however,was a time when women
5、were not encouraged to become writers.6.They started writing novels,.7.Keep trying and eventually you will read the words“We are delighted to inform you.一、一、一般用动名词做宾语一般用动名词做宾语1.作及物动词的宾语作及物动词的宾语 He hasnt finished reading the science fiction.他还没读完那本科幻小说。2.作介词的宾语作介词的宾语 My parents objected to my marryin
6、g him.我父母反对我与他结婚动名词作宾语的动词及记忆动名词作宾语的动词及记忆1 考虑 建议 盼 原谅（consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse）承认 推迟 没得 想（admit，delay/put off，fancy）避免 错过 继续 练（avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practise）否认 完成 就 欣赏（deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate）禁止 想象 才 冒险（forbid，imagine，risk）不禁 介意 准 逃亡（cant help，mind，allow/permit，escape）难以
7、 忍受 始 反对（cant stand，get down to，object to）想要 成功 坚持 忙（feel like，succeed in，stick to/insist on，be busy in）习惯 放弃 有困难（be used to，give up，have difficulty in）导致 专心 防 道歉（lead to，devote.to，prevent.from，apologise for）动名词作宾语的动词及记忆动名词作宾语的动词及记忆 I suggested _(put)the matter to the committee.He admitted _(take)th
8、e money but promised never to do it again.They all avoided _(mention)that name.We succeeded in _(repair)the engine.She has difficulty in _(understand)what the teacher said.He devoted all his spare time to _(help)his students.puttingtakingmentioningrepairingunderstandinghelping 二、二、一般用一般用不定式不定式做宾语做宾语
9、1.作及物动词的宾语作及物动词的宾语 He wanted to go with you very much.他很想和你一起去。2.作介词的宾语作介词的宾语 He had no choice but to give in.除了让步,他别无选择。注意：注意：but,except 后接不定式后接不定式若but,except 等介词之前没有实义动词 do,而是有其他动词,则 but,except 等介词后要接带 to的动词不定式 He had no choice but to give in.除了让步,他别无选择。It had no effect except to make him angry.除了
10、使他生气，别无效果。注意：注意：it 作形式宾语时的情况作形式宾语时的情况动词不定式作宾语，其后跟补足语时，要用 it 作形式宾语，将不定式放在句末。句型句型:“谓语动词谓语动词+it+形容词形容词(名词名词/名词词组名词词组)+不定式不定式”。I find it difficult to speak English fluently我觉得要能流利地说英语是很难的。I felt it hard to communicate with them.我感觉难以跟他们交流。常用于此句型的谓语动词有:find,think,believe,consider,make,feel等不定式不定式作宾语的动词及记
11、忆作宾语的动词及记忆决心 学会 想 希望（decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish）拒绝 设法 愿 假装（refuse,manage,care,pretend）主动 答应 选 计划（offer,promise,choose,plan）同意 请求 帮一帮（agree,ask/beg,help）He determined not _(inform)his parents of the outcome.Scientists expect _(find)a cure for lung cancer within five years.Mr.Baker m
12、anaged _(find)a place where he could park his car.He pretended _(know)nothing about the criticism.When serious drought hit Africa again,many international organisations offered _(help).to informto findto findto knowto help 三、三、用用动名词和不定式动名词和不定式做宾语做宾语皆可的动词皆可的动词begin to do/begin doingstart to do/start
13、doingcontinue to do/continue doinglearn to do/learn doing注意：注意：部分动词后接部分动词后接 v.ing 和和 to do做宾语时意思有差别做宾语时意思有差别 to do sth doing sthforget忘记要去做某事（此事未做）忘记做过某事（已做过或发生）stop停止、中断某事，目的是去做另一件事停止正在做的某情remember记住去做某事(未做)记得做过某事(已做)regret对要做的事表示遗憾对做过的事感到后悔注意：注意：部分动词后接部分动词后接 v.ing 和和 to do做宾语时意思有差别做宾语时意思有差别to do s
14、thdoing sthtry努力做某事尝试着做某事mean打算，有意要做某事意味着做某事go on继而（去做另外一件事情）继续（原先没有做完的事情）dread不敢去做某事（表示对某事十分担忧）害怕、担心做某事cant help不能帮忙做某事情不自禁做某事At the age of ten,Liu Wei lost both his arms in an accident.Despite this,he wanted (live)life to the full.He learnt _(use)his feet for everyday activities,such as eating and
15、 brushing his teeth.He also started _(swim)and won two gold medals at the National Games for People with Disabilities.Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.to liveto useto swim/swimmingWhen he had to stop _(swim)due to health problems,he decided (learn)how to play the p
16、iano with his toes.It was difficult,but he kept _(practise)until he had achieved his goal.In 2010,he won in Chinas Got Talent and became famous nationwide.Today,Liu Wei still enjoys (play)music,and his positive attitude is an inspiration to us all.Complete the passage with the correct form of the ve
17、rbs in brackets.swimmingto learnpractisingplayingSmart expressions1.在10岁时2.充分享受生活3.赢得两块金牌4.遍及全国地5.sth.that encourages us1.at the age of ten2.live life to the fullest3.win two gold medals4.nationwide5.inspirationWr i t e a r e p o r t b a s e d o n t h e interview with the words in the box.admit deci
18、de enjoyfail regret wantadmit decide enjoy fail regret wantJamie Wells _ the Boy Scouts because he _ _ himself as well as meeting new friends.He thought scout camp was fun,but not without its challenges!Each day began with a 5-kilometer cross-country run-at 6 am!At first he _ the whole route.On the
19、fourth day,he was so tired that he even didnt _.Feeling homesick,he _ the scout camp and wanted to phone his dad to take him home.But he didnt give up.Things soon got better.He became stronger and more confident and made new friends.He _ a scout had its challenges,but it was worthwhile.failed to fin
20、ishdecided to joinenjoyedwant to get out of bedchallengingregretted attendingadmitted being1.塑造性格2.促进个人健康3.加入（一个组织）4.挑战我自己5.以开始6.cross-country run7.整个路线8.值得做某事1.build ones character2.develop personal fitness3.join4.challenge myself5.begin/start with6.越野跑7.the whole route8.be worthwhile doing/to doSm
21、art expressionspractice!单句语法填空单句语法填空1.The secret of happiness is worthy of _(probe)into.2.It took her a mere 20 minutes _(defeat)her opponent.3.I need friendship and companionship _(maintain)my emotional and physical health.4.She was beginning _(comfort)the orphan with her gentleness.5.In order _(write)your essay well,you should draw up a plan or outline.6.I woke up at dawn _(find)the people were already out in the fields.being probedto defeatto maintainto comfortto writeto find
