1、Unit 4 Space Exploration非谓语非谓语动词动词 动词不定式动词不定式 to do过去分词(done)现在分词现在分词/动名词动名词(doing)不定式作定语、状语不定式作定语、状语不定式是非谓语动词的一种,由“to+动词动词原形原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态意义意义一般式一般式to doto be done表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后进行进行式式to be doing表示谓语动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行
2、完成完成式式to have doneto have been done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成进行式完成进行式to have been doing表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续到谓语动作发生时仍在进行基本结构基本结构:“to+动词原形动词原形”,to是不定式标志是不定式标志,无意义无意义,有时不定式符号有时不定式符号to可省略。可省略。否定形式否定形式:not to+动词原形动词原形动词不定式的动词不定式的结构结构Step 1 作定语1.I have no desire to write.2.The Smiths were the first to arrive.3.There w
3、as nothing to be done.句子成分句子成分用法用法不定式在句中中作不定式在句中中作_1.1.可修饰：可修饰：2.2.多置于被修饰词多置于被修饰词_3.3.多表示多表示_的动作。的动作。定语定语名词或者代词名词或者代词之后作后置定语之后作后置定语将来的将来的Step 1 作定语1.The next train to arrive was from New York.2.You are the only person to be punished for missing such an important meeting.3.It is recognized that he is
4、 the best man to do the job.4.He is always the first to come and the last to leave.总结总结2.2.序数词、形容词最高级和序数词、形容词最高级和the last/the only/the next等后被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定式作定语等后被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定式作定语。Step 1 作定语1.Please make an effort to catch the bus.2.He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.3.Do you have a
5、nything to say?4.I have nothing to fear but fear itself.总结总结3.3.抽象名词抽象名词ability,aim,attempt,right,chance,opportunity,way,courage,decision,hope,wish,dream等后或不定代词等后或不定代词something,nothing,anything等等后常用后常用不定式不定式作定语作定语。Step 1 作定语1.I have nothing to fear but fear itself.2.There is nothing for me to do tod
6、ay.3.There is nothing to worry about/to be worried about.总结总结4.在在there be 句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语，句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语，不定式用主动式或者被动式均可。若有逻辑主语，不定不定式用主动式或者被动式均可。若有逻辑主语，不定式只能用主动（式只能用主动（to do)。Step 1 即学即练1.We need someone to help with the work.2.The competition to be held next year will surely attract many in
7、ternational tourists.3.Tom has a large family to support.总结总结1.1.不定式的动词与被修饰词存在主谓关系，用不定式的动词与被修饰词存在主谓关系，用to doto do；2.2.不定式作定语时，如果和前面的被修饰词存在动宾关系，用不定式作定语时，如果和前面的被修饰词存在动宾关系，用to be to be donedone。3.3.如果句子主语发出不定时的动作，即使不定式和前面的名词存在如果句子主语发出不定时的动作，即使不定式和前面的名词存在动宾关系，也多用不定式的主动式。动宾关系，也多用不定式的主动式。Step 1 作定语1.Pleas
8、e pass me some paper to write on.注意注意若若不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词必须与介词不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词必须与介词连用，组成及物的动词短语连用，组成及物的动词短语。Step 1 即学即练In many homes in the UK,the first person _(wake)up has to make tea for the familyThe airport _(complete)next year will help promote tourism in this areaThe best way _(improve)your Eng
9、lish is to join an English clubCarol was happy that she had the chance _(experience)the life in the cityThese courses offer us opportunities_(improve)our abilities to appreciate art.to waketo be completedto improveto experienceto improveStep 2 作状语1.To learn a language well,you must make efforts.2.He
10、 ran fast all the way so as to catch the first bus.3.In order to pass the exam,he worked hard till midnight.句子成分用法不定式在句中作_1.位置：_2.常见结构有：目的状语目的状语可位于句首或者句末可位于句首或者句末in order to 和和 so as to,但但so as to 不可位于句首不可位于句首多用来修饰动词、形容词和副词Step 2 作状语1.She is proud to have won the first place.2.He is glad to be invit
11、ed to the meeting.句子成分用法不定式在句中作_常见结构有：常用于sb.+be+adj.+to do结构中，形容词(表示情绪或心理活动的词如：anxious,excited,glad,disappointed等）作表语时,后可接不定式作原因状语,用以说明产生这种情绪的原因；形容词（cheap,difficult,important等）作表语时同上原因原因状语状语Step 2 作状语1.Yesterday,I went to see her only to learn that she had gone abroad a week before.2.The traveler lo
12、oked up suddenly to find a leopard in the tree.3.What have I said to make you so excited?句子成分用法不定式在句中作_1.意义：常表示 结果2.常见结构有：结果状语结果状语出乎意料出乎意料enough to do,soas to do,such as to do.,only to do,tooto3.常与learn,find,see,hear等动词连用。Step 2 作状语1.He opened his mouth as if to say something.2.She lifts his hand as
13、 if to lead him somewhere.句子成分用法不定式在句中作_1.意义：常表示 2.常见结构有：方式状语方式状语似乎要做as if to do sth.现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别例：1.He went home to find his old friend George outside the door.2.The child fell,striking his head against the door and cutting it.动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果；而现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。_(learn)more abo
14、ut Chinese culture,Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective courseWe travel on Day 2 to northern France _(visit)the World War battlefieldsWhen the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad _(find)them aliveWould you be so kind as_(spare)some time to come and join us?Step
15、 2 即学即练To learnto visitto findto spareto do to do attribute定语定语多修饰名词常作后置定语普通名词常被序数词、最高级修饰抽象名词常有：dream,desire,chance,hope,promise,idea,fact,way.There be 句型中adverbial状语状语目的状语目的状语:to do,in order to(可句首句中),so as to(只能句中)原因状语原因状语:sbbeadj.to do.结果状语结果状语:enough to(足够做.),too.to(太.而不能),so/such.as to(如此.以至于)方式状语方式状语:as if to do sth.
