1、 Discovering Useful Structures Book 3 Unit 4Book 3 Unit 4 Usage of the infinitive(不定式)I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.As we all know,an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.First of all,you must be intelligent enough to get a realted colledge
2、 degree.Scientists were determined to realise the dream to explore space.On 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.THE infinitive目录/contents0102030504不定式的定义不定式的定义不定式的功能不定式的功能不定式的进行式，不定式的进行式，完成式，被动式完成式，被动式高考中对不定高考中对不定式的考查式的考查课堂总结课堂总结THE infinitive不 定 式不定式，又称为
3、动词不定式，不定式，又称为动词不定式，是指动词中是指动词中的一种不带词形变化的一种不带词形变化，也，也不指示人称、数不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。不定式属于量、时态的一种形式。不定式属于非谓语非谓语动词形式动词形式。一.定义THE infinitive不 定 式 动词不定式在句动词不定式在句中可以作句子除中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何谓语之外的任何句子成分句子成分。动词。动词不定式及其短语不定式及其短语还可以有自己的还可以有自己的宾语、状语。宾语、状语。不 定 式 可 充 当 主语表语宾语定语状语宾补 二.功能THE infinitive1.1.不定式作主语不定式作主语It is not a
4、n easy thing to master a language.It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.Its unwise of them to turn down the proposal.To see one time is better than to hear a hundred times.To persevere means victory!在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行itit代替主语，而把不定代替主语，而把不定式后置。式后置。THE infinitiveTo be kind t
5、o the enemy is to be cruel to the people.My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.What I would suggest is to start work at once.2.2.不定式作表语不定式作表语注：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词注：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词do do 时，作表语的不定式时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号可以省略符号“to”“to”，如：，如：All we have to do is push the button.The only thing I can do
6、now is go on by myself.All I could do was send him a telegram.前有do，后无toTHE infinitive3.3.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语（1 1）“动词动词+带带 to to 的不定式结构的不定式结构”。例如：。例如：这类动词常见的有：这类动词常见的有：afford,agree,arrange,ask,choose,afford,agree,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,desire,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,decide,demand,desire,exp
7、ect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,mean,intend,begin,mean,intend,begin,等，等，（2 2）“动词动词+疑问词疑问词+带带 to to 的不定式结构的不定式结构”。Ive arranged to meet him at ten oclock.I didnt expect to find you here.I dont know what to
8、do/where to go/who(m)to ask.I havent decided whether to sell it or not.THE infinitiveI find it difficult to understand him.We thought it wrong not to help her.不定式结构一般不可作介词宾语不定式结构一般不可作介词宾语,只有在个别场合只有在个别场合,即在含有否定意义即在含有否定意义的带有介词的带有介词 except except 或或 but(=except)but(=except)的结构中才能这样用，例如：的结构中才能这样用，例如：注：如
9、果不定式结构有自己的补语，则常用注：如果不定式结构有自己的补语，则常用 it it作形式宾语，把不定式作形式宾语，把不定式后置，例如：后置，例如：He seldom comes except to look at my pictures.The child did nothing except weep.She can do anything but sing.前有do，后无toTHE infinitive4.4.不定式作定语不定式作定语Its time to go to bed.Have you anything to declare?He has a large family to sup
10、port.The meeting to be held tomorrow will be put off due to the rain.如果不定式是不及物动词，它后面应加上必要的介词，如：如果不定式是不及物动词，它后面应加上必要的介词，如：She has a lot of things to attend to.The nurse has five children to look after.THE infinitive5.5.不定式作状语不定式作状语不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、结不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、结果、原因等。果、原因
11、等。They ran over to welcome the delegates.To draw maps properly,you need a special pen.He came here in order to see Charlie.Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.She wept to hear the news.目的目的目的结果结果原因THE infinitive6.6.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补
12、足语Dont force yourself to write when you have nothing to say.He urged us to accept the compromise.We should train them to make use of reference books.注：注：see,watch,notice,look at,hear,listen to,observe,see,watch,notice,look at,hear,listen to,observe,feel,havefeel,have，makemake，letlet这些词后面常用省掉这些词后面常用省
13、掉toto的不定式做宾补，但的不定式做宾补，但若用在被动结构里，若用在被动结构里，toto则不能省略。则不能省略。He observed someone open the door.They were made to work from morning till night.The accused man was observed to enter the bank.T H E P R O F E S S I O N A L T E M P L A T E三.不定式的进行式，完成式，被动式THE infinitive1.1.不定式的进行式不定式的进行式如果主要谓语所表示的动作（或情况）发生时，
14、不定式所表示的动作如果主要谓语所表示的动作（或情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行，这时，不定式就要用进行式。正在进行，这时，不定式就要用进行式。They seem to be getting along quite well.We didnt expect you to be waiting for us here.He pretended to be listening attentively.如果不定式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行，就如果不定式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行，就需要用完成进行式。需要用完成进行式。They are said to have
15、 been collecting folk songs in Yunnan.Its a great pleasure to have been working with you.THE infinitive2.2.不定式的完成式不定式的完成式如果不定式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，这个不定式就如果不定式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，这个不定式就要用完成式。要用完成式。He is said to have written a new book about workers.=It is said that he has written a new book about work
16、ers.The enemy was reported to have surrendered.She seemed to have heard about it already.They thought it a pity not to have invited her.THE infinitive3.3.不定式的被动形式不定式的被动形式当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。要采用被动形式。It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.She a
17、sked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office?T H E P R O F E S S I O N A L T E M P L A T E四.高考中对不定式的考查高考中对不定式的考查THE infinitive1.(2019全国全国,64)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are exp
18、ensive_(perform)consistently over a large area.这里是“be+形容词+不定式”结构,故填to perform。to perform2.(2019全国全国,65)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene declared she had no plans_(retire)from her 36-year-old business.to retire名词plan后接不定式作后置定语。THE infinitive3.(2019全国全国,62)On our way to the house,
19、it was raining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take (get)there.to get“it takes+时间+to do sth”,it是形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式，故填to get。4.(2018全国全国,64)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _(improve)water quality.to improve根据语境可知,“改善水质”是“政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的,故用动词不定式
20、作目的状语。THE infinitive5.(2018全国全国,70)Once his message was delivered,he allowed me _(stay)and watch.allow sb to do sth 是固定结构，意为“允许某人做某事”，不定式做宾补，故填to say。to stay6.(2017全国全国,63)They are required _(process)the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.require sb to do
21、sth表示“要求某人做某事”,被动形式为sb be required to do sth,不定式做宾补，故填to process。to processTHE infinitive7.(2017全国全国,64)But Sarah,who has taken part in shows along with top models,wants _(prove)that she has brains as well as beauty.want to do sth意为“想要做某事”，不定式做宾语。to prove8.(2016全国全国)It was a great honour_(invite)bac
22、kstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research.“Its a great honour to do sth”意为“做某事很荣幸”,再根据语境可知,此处指被邀请,故用动词不定式的被动式。to be invitedTHE infinitive9.(2016全国全国,69)If you find something you love doing outside of the office,youll be less likely (bring)your work home.此处考查固定
23、搭配be likely to do sth,意为“很可能做某事”。to bring10.(2019浙江浙江,63)But some students didnt want (wear)the uniform.to wearwant to do sth意为“想要做某事”，不定式作宾语。THE infinitive12.(2018天津天津,12)I didnt mean _(eat)anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help trying it.to eat mean to do sth“打算做某事”，不定式做宾语11
24、.(2017天津天津,10)I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train (catch).sb have sth to do意为“某人有某事要做”，不定式作定语。to catchTHE infinitive13.(2017浙江浙江,61)Sixteen years earlier,Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring _(cook)a meal.14.(2016北京北京,26)_(make)it easier to get in touch with us,youd be
25、tter keep this card at hand.To maketo cook15.(2017北京北京,27)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online _(save)their valuable time.此处用动词不定式表示目的。to save16.(2019江苏江苏,30)_(enjoy)the convenience of digital payment,many senior citizens started to use smart phones.To enjoy归纳：高中常
26、考不定式：归纳：高中常考不定式：1.be+adj(likely)to do2.be done to do3.动词动词+宾语宾语+to do;动词动词+特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+to do4.中心词是序数词中心词是序数词,形容词最高级形容词最高级,the last,the only等中心词被这些词修饰等中心词被这些词修饰时时,用不定式作定语用不定式作定语5.被修饰词是抽象名词被修饰词是抽象名词,常用动词不定式作定语常用动词不定式作定语,常见的该类名词有：常见的该类名词有：way,reason,plan,ability,chance,wish,opportunity,freedom,need,righ
27、t,excuse,promise,attempt等等6.不定代词不定代词something,nothing等后也常用动词不定式作定语。等后也常用动词不定式作定语。7.in order to do;so as to do;enough to do;8.only to do表示出乎意料的结果表示出乎意料的结果THE infinitive01020304不定式，又称为动词不定式，不定式，又称为动词不定式，是指动词中的一种不带是指动词中的一种不带词形变化词形变化的动词形式，的动词形式，不定式属于不定式属于非谓语动词形式非谓语动词形式。动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补。定语、状语、宾补。to be doing,to have done,to be done掌握不定式的用法，仔细审题，掌握不定式的用法，仔细审题，沉着应对。沉着应对。05五.课堂总结定义功能进行、完成、被动高考中不定式的考查不定式
