1、 中考英语 （北京丏用） 第二部分 读写能力提升 丏题十二 阅读表达 A组 北京中考题组 Passage 1(2020北京) This 12-year-old Girl Built a Robot to Find Plastics in the Ocean Anna Du was walking along the beach when she noticed plastics there. She reached down to pick them up, and quickly realized there were many more tiny pieces than she could
2、 deal with. It seemed impossible to clean them all up. Du, 12 years old at the time, tried to solve the problem like any good scientistfirst, by doing a little research. Thats how she learned that 8 million tons of plastics end up in the oceans every year. Then she got to work building something tha
3、t could help solve the problem:a remote-operated vehicle (遥控潜 水器), or ROV. Her ROV can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor. The actually cool part of Dus ROV is the detection (探测)system. She uses a camera along with three different kinds of light to find the plastics. She also us
4、es visible (可见的) light to find unnatural colors that might make the plastics stand out. “She has a very good engineering sense to break down a problem like this and then go after it,” says engineer Casey Machado. “It sounds simple, but its a level of thinking thats really amazing.” Du started attend
5、ing public events and workshops at a university when she was five years old, and so she picked up the engineering skills necessary to build her ROV. She says actually getting her ROV to move through wa- ter well was not easy. She failed many times, but she never gave up trying and testing. When aske
6、d about future plans, she mentions wanting to address the effects of climate(气候)change. “I think there are a lot of problems that could be solved with new inventions,”says Du. Du thanks her parents, who for years have taken her to student outreach activities, for supporting her interest in science,
7、technology, engineering and math(STEM). She says she has been able to meet students and scientists there. “I know I want to be an engineer because I like building things to help solve world problems,” says Du. “But Im not sure what kind of engineer I want to be yet.” 1.What did Anna Du notice while
8、walking along the beach? 2.How old was Du when she did a little research to solve the problem? 3.What can Dus ROV do? 4.Why does Du want to be an engineer in the future? 5.What made Du succeed in building her ROV? 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 安娜 杜在海边散步时,发现海边有很多的塑料垃圾,她在捡拾过程中发现靠她一己之力去处理 这么多的塑料垃圾是不可能的,于是萌发了设计制作遥控潜水器的
9、想法。这个遥控潜水器可以帮助人类 到海底去捡拾塑料垃圾。 1.She noticed plastics./Plastics. 根据题干中的“while walking along the beach”定位到第一段第一句话 “Anna Du was walking along the beach when she noticed plastics there.”。由此可知答案。 2.Twelve years old. 根据题干中的“when she did a little research to solve the problem”定位到第二段第一 句话“Du,12 years old at
10、the time, tried to solve the problem like any good scientistfirst,by doing a little re- search.”。由此可知答案。 3.Her ROV can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor. 根据题干中的ROV定位到第三段 第二句。由此可知答案。 4.Because she likes building things to help solve world problems. 根据最后一段第一句话可以得知: 安娜 杜想成为一名工程师,是
11、因为她喜欢去建造事物以解决世界问题。所以此题的答案应该为“Because she likes building things to help solve world problems.”。 5.A good engineering sense, the spirit of never giving up and the support from her parents. 本文从几方面说 明了安娜 杜能成功制造出她的ROV的原因。从第五段第一句中的“She has a very good engineering sense to break down a problem”、第六段最后一句“She
12、 failed many times, but she never gave up trying and test- ing.”以及第八段第一句中的“Du thanks her parents. for supporting her interest in science, technology, en- gineering and math”可知,正是这些因素促使她成功。 Passage 2(2019北京) Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected Ice covers much of the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋
13、). Some pieces of ice are huge, like moving islands. As tempera- tures have increased, however, some of the ice has begun to disappear. Scientists have discovered huge waves (海浪)in the arctic waters. The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010. Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set
14、 out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters. On May 2, the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice around 50 miles from the small island of Hopen. Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the ice. “We were ready to go but when I went out, I discovered many cracks(
15、裂缝)around,” he remembers. He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe. The farther in they went, he thought, the harder the ice would become. As they pushed forward, however, the ship experienced small waves, and then bigger ones. Soon, the waves broke up the ice around the ship int
16、o thousands of smaller pieces. Within an hour, Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high. The ships navigation(航行) system finally recorded the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height. The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down, b
17、reaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour. Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast. The waves in these areas used to be small. The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in advance when they are coming. That could be dangerous f
18、or navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them. Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger. Some scientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icy waters. As waves break up ice
19、, the seas will become more open, and the waves will get even stronger. There are stormy times ahead. 1.When did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arctic waters? 2.Why did Marchenko and his students set out on the trip? 3.What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe? 4.How high w
20、ere the largest waves recorded by the navigation system? 5.What is Paragraph 7 mainly about? 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 本文介绍了科学家Marchenko和他的学生在北冰洋做研究调查时遇到巨浪的经历,并分析了这 些巨浪给航海家和当地人带来的威胁。 1.In May,2010. 根据关键词“when”和“discover the huge waves”可定位到第二段第一句话“The waves were discovered by accident in May,2010.”。 2.To study t
21、he icy waters. 根据关键词“why”和“set out on the trip”可定位到第二段最后一句话 “They wanted to study the icy waters.”。 3.He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice. 根据关键词“to keep safe”可定位到第五段第一句“He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe.”。 4.More than 20 feet in height. 根据关键词“How high”和“the lar
22、gest waves”可定位到第六段第三句 “They were more than 20 feet in height.”。 5.The danger of huge waves to people and wildlife there. 该段说明了这些巨浪对航海家和当地人以及靠海 冰生存的野生生物们来说是很大的威胁。 重点词汇重点词汇 increase v. 增加,增长;disappear v.消失;discover v. 发现;by accident 偶然 词汇积累词汇积累 navigator n.航海者 When it comes to the letter grade on your
23、 test or homework, you might notice that there is no letter E. Have you ever thought about why that is so? In the A, B, C, D and F grading system, the first four letters are typically considered passing grades. An F in this system simply stands for “fail”.The word “fail” happens to start with the le
24、tter F, which seems to Passage 3(2018北京) leave out the letter E. The fact of the matter is that any letter can mean “not-passing”or “fail”. Some schools have U grade for “unsatisfactory”, or I grade for “incomplete”. Even with all this said, we should also point out that E grade actually has been us
25、ed pretty commonly through- out the history of letter grades in the US. The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College. In 1897,they began to use the following grading scale: A:95%100%(excellent) B:85%94%(good) C:76%84%(fair) D:75%(bare
26、ly passed) E:below 75%(failed) We can see the inclusion of E instead of F. Gradually,the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US. However, many schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F. There is no evidence(证据) to really support this, but one possible ex- planatio
27、n is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”. Why do we have letter grades? Well, part of the reason is that they made grading simpler during a time of great change for schools. As the 20th century began, growing cities and an increase in immigration
28、 led to larger school classrooms. Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy, fair and clear way to grade students. Today, more and more people argue that letter grades dont fully reflect(反映) student learning. However, as teachers try to improve grading methods,man
29、y parents continue to favor the letter grades they got as kids. They are familiar(熟悉) and easy for parents to understand. So while they might not be perfect, the letter grades prob- ably arent going away any time soon. 1.What does an F stand for in the A,B,C,D and F grading system? 2.When was the le
30、tter grading system first used in the US college? 3.What is one possible explanation for dropping the E grade? 4.What did most teachers think of the letter grading system in the 20th century? 5.Why do many parents still prefer the letter grades today? 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 本文介绍了英文字母等级评价体系的历史发展进程,作者在文中讲述了字母E
31、这一等级缺失的 历史渊源。 1.It stands for “fail”. 根据第二段第二句话可知答案。 2.It was first used in 1897. 根据第四段可知答案。 3.Teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”. 根据第六段第三 句话的后半部分可知答案。 4.They thought it was an easy, fair and clear way to grade students. 根据第七段的最后一句话可知答案。 5.Because th
32、ey are familiar and easy for parents to understand. 根据文章最后一段的第三句话可知答案。 长难句长难句 The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College. 在美国第一所采用像我们今天使用的字母评分系统的学院是Mount Holyoke College。 这是一个主从复合句,“the ones” 由后面的省略了关系代词that的 定语从句“we use today”修饰。主句
33、 谓语动词是系动词“is”,表语是“Mount Holyoke College”。 重点词汇重点词汇 fail v.失败,不及格,倒闭;explanation n.解释,说明;familiar adj.熟悉的;excellent adj.优秀的,卓越 的,杰出的;scale n.规模,比例,级别 词汇积累词汇积累 unsatisfactory adj.不能令人满意的;evidence n.证据;reflect v.反映;leave out 遗漏,省略,忽略,未提 及 Passage 4(2017北京) Whats in a Name? Many American names come from
34、 England. But where did most English names come from? Centuries ago, most people in England had only one nametheir first name. In the 11th century, five or six of the 50 people in a village might be named William, and it was easy to get confused. But in the Middle Ages, people found a way to describ
35、e each person exactly. If there were four Williams in one village, one might be re- ferred to as William the son of John. A second might be called William from the hill. A third, William the blacksmith(铁匠). And a fourth, William the brown haired. In conversation, people might refer to the four Willi
36、ams as William Johns son, William hill, William smith, and William brown. It was 300 or 400 years before these extra(附加的)names gradually developed into last names, or surnames. They were passed on from generation to generation. By the 1300s, Robert, the son of William smith, had the name Robert smit
37、h, even if he was not a blacksmith like his father. As the last name became widely accepted, the first letter was capitalized, as in Robert Smith. By the 15th century, most people of the upper and middle classes had surnames. Many surnames were based on father-son relations. The “son of” part was ad
38、ded to the fathers first name, like Johnson, meaning Johns son. Sometimes it was shortened to just“s”, as in Jones or Evans. Surnames like Hill described the place where a person lived. They are the most common type of surname. A third kind of surname was based on a persons job. Forester was someone
39、 who looked after the forest. In the Middle Ages, occupation names such as Baker, Carpenter, and Miller became common. The fourth kind of surname was a nickname(绰号). A man whose surname was Bear might be as fierce as a bear. Have you ever wondered why some surnames are so common? The most common sur
40、name in the English lan- guage is Smith. Being able to make metals(金属)into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages, and many people were trained as blacksmiths. The most common American surnames are Smith, Johnson, Williams, and Brown. 1.Where do many American names come from? 2.When did peo
41、ple find a way to describe each person exactly? 3.How long did it take for extra names to develop into last names? 4.What is the fourth paragraph mainly about? 5.Why were many people trained as blacksmiths in the Middle Ages? 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 本文介绍了英国姓氏的历史,包括英国姓氏出现的历史阶段和不同姓氏的来历。 1.They come from England
42、. 根据第一段第一句可知答案。 2.In the Middle Ages. 根据第二段第三句可知答案。 3.It took 300 or 400 years. 根据第三段第一句可知答案。 4.It is mainly about different kinds of surnames. 通读第四段可知答案。 5.Because it was an important skill to make metals into tools. 根据最后一段第三句可知答案。 Passage 5(2016北京) A 108-year-old Message in a Bottle On November 30
43、, 1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it moved slowly for 108 years and 138 days. Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in 2015. Winkler was then on vacation on Amrum Island. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach. She saw a piece of paper inside, but didnt break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old, so she didnt want to damage it. Finally she got the piece of paper out
