1、Noun Clauses，Adjective Clauses名词性从句、定语从句On a recent trip to Paris,I learned that bicycles were available for rent everywhere.There were thirty or so bikes at a high-tech bike station right in front of my hotel.Since there were no attendants taking care of the bikes at the station,I wondered how the
2、Velib bikes were paid for.As I looked down from my window,I could see that people just came along,inserted a monthly pass or credit card in the meter,and rode off on their bikes.How all this was organized was something I was curious about.What I found out was a weekly Velib pass costs about 8 euros.
3、Riders have to leave a$150 credit card deposit in case the bike is not returned.I wondered how many bikes were not returned.Later,I found out that it wasnt very many.Use a noun clause as the subject or the object of the main verb in a sentence.How this all was organized was something I was curious a
4、bout.I learned that bicycles were available for rent everywhere.Noun clause-SUBJECTNoun clause-OBJECTDo not use question word order in a noun clause.I wondered how someone paid for the Velib bikes.How did someone pay for the Velib bikes?Normal question word orderNoun clause word orderPractice 1 Find
5、 the noun clause.One sentence does not have a noun clause.1.My friend told me that she rented a bike in Paris.2.That she was willing to ride a bike in the city traffic impressed me.3.I wondered how she was able to rent the bike.4.She told me that it was easy.5.Where did you go to rent the bike?6.She
6、 told me where she went to rent the bike.7.I asked her what she paid to rent the bike.No noun clause.I asked people at my hotel and found out how to rent the bicycles.The first half hour is free,and 96%of all rides are free of charge because there are so many bike stations.Riders can choose when and
7、 where to drop off the bikes.One rider said,“I use it everyday.Im retired,so I have a lot of free time,and I use it to visit Paris.”He said that he changes bikes within the free 30-minute period,so he never has to pay.All in all,Im impressed that the Velib bicycle program is going so well.Its import
8、ant that cities find ways to cut down on car traffic and air pollution.Use a question word followed by an infinitive to express either should or can/could.Riders can choose when and where to drop off the bikes.I found out how to rent the bicycles.I found out how I could rent the bicycles.Riders can
9、choose when and where they should drop off the bikes.Certain verbs and adjectives often come in front of that-noun clauses.I think that it is a very good way to cut down on car traffic and air pollution.Verb+that-clausePerson+be+adjective+that-clauseAnna is proud that the Velib bicycle program is go
10、ing so well.It+be+adjective+that-clauseIt is important that cities find ways to cut down on car traffic and air pollution.Use quotation marks before and after the exact words of a speaker.The woman said,“I use it everyday.Im retired,so I have a lot of free time,and I use it to visit Paris.”I use it
11、every day.Im retired,so I have a lot of free time,and I use it to visit Paris.Dont use quotation marks in reported speech.I change bikes within the free 30 minutes,so I never have to pay.She said that she changes bikes within the free 30-minute period,so she never has to pay.Practice 2Complete the s
12、entences with your own words.Use noun clauses.1.I found out _.2.Please tell me _.3.Our teacher said _.4.Do you know _?5.My friend was surprised _.Practice 3 Interview a partner.Use a that-clause in your answers1.What is something that you are sorry about in the past?2.What is something about science
13、 that amazes you?3.What is something about school that annoys you?4.What is something you are proud of?5.What is something that you are relieved happened?6.What is something that you are worried about for the future?Adjective ClausesThe Think Tank at the National Zoo in Washington,DC,is an exhibit t
14、hat is unique.The project,which scientists call the Think Tank(“a place to think about thinking”)examines the biological thinking process of animals.Scientists,who have different opinions about which animal behaviors actually involve thinking,say thought has three elements:image,intention,and flexib
15、ility.The scientists at the Think Tank are studying these elements in many different animals,but it is the orangutans who are seen as the stars of the exhibit because they are learning to use symbolic language on a computer.Use who or that as the subject of an adjective clause.Scientists,who have di
16、fferent opinions about animal behavior,say thought has three elements.Use who or that as the subject of an adjective clause.The Think Tank at the National Zoo in Washington,DC,is an exhibit that is unique.Use who(m),which,that,or as the object of the verb in an adjective clause.The project examines
17、the biological thinking process.Scientists call the project the Think Tank.The project,which scientists call the Think Tank,examines the biological thinking process.Practice 1Choose all the possible completions.1.The Think Tank is an exhibit _ is very interesting.a.who b.that c.which d.e.whom f.it2.
18、The scientists _ work there are studying“thinking.”a.who b.that c.which d.e.whom f.they3.Lets go to the new exhibit _ Tom told us about.a.who b.that c.which d.e.whom f.itPractice 1Choose all the possible completions.4.Its the scientists _ are studying the orangutans.a.who b.that c.which d.e.whom f.t
19、hey5.The Think Tank is a place _ Id like to visit.a.who b.that c.which d.e.whom f.it6.The study _ goes on all day is open to the public.a.who b.that c.which d.e.whom f.itThe orangutans are the ones whose language ability is being examined.Four orangutans are being trained to use a special computer w
20、hich is set up so they learn around 70 different symbols.These symbols,which consist of seven categories such as food and verbs,use simple shapes.For example,a rectangle by itself means“food”.Scientists want to see if once the orangutans learn the symbols,they can putwords together to express though
21、ts.The orangutans visit the Think Tank when they want,and their participation is voluntary.The building where they live is linked to The Think Tank by cables that they can travel back and forth on.On days when they go to the Think Tank,they can choose if they want to participate or just watch.Use wh
22、ose to show possession in adjective clauses.The orangutans are the ones whose language ability is being examined.Whose language ability is being studied?The orangutans.Use when to modify a noun of time in adjective clauses.On days when they go to the Think Tank,they can choose if they want to partic
23、ipate or just watch.What does when”refer to?On days they go to the Think Tank.Use where to modify a place.The building where they live is linked to The Think Tank by cables.Which place is“where”referring to?The buildingThe Think TankPractice 2Make one sentence out of the two sentences by using adjec
24、tive clauses.3.Here are some children.Their parents have brought them to the zoo.2.The scientists study the animals.The animals are awake then.1.The Think Tank is in the zoo.All this activity takes place is in The Think Tank.Here are some children whose parents have brought them to the zoo.The scien
25、tists study the animals when they are awake.The Think tank,where all this activity takes place,is in the zoo.ReviewComplete the sentences.More than one answer may be possible.Discuss your choices.1.The symbols have no visual relationship to the words _ they represent.a.who b.that c.which d.e.whom f.
26、where2.The Think Tank is the only place in the world _ visitors have free access to this type of research.a.who b.that c.which d.e.where f.whenReviewComplete the sentences.More than one answer may be possible.Discuss your choices.3.The words _ the orangutans are learning will be used to form simple sentences.a.who b.that c.which d.e.whom f.where4.How do the orangutans make the connection from the word to the thing _ it represents?a.who b.that c.which d.e.whom f.when
