1、名 词 性 从 句名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses).名词性从句包括主语,宾语,表语,同位语从句。1.名词性从句的定义2.名词性从句的连接词类别词义在从句中的作用从属连词that 无任何词义仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分从属连词 whether和if为“是否”，表明从句意义的不确定性起连接作用，在从句中补充当任何句子成分关系代词 who,whom,what,which,whose,whomever,whatever,whichever有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当主，表，宾，定语等关系副词 when,whe
2、re,why,how,however,wherever,whenever有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语I know what he is talking about.(从句中缺宾语,指物)Do you know who he is?(从句中缺表语,指人)Where he will go is unknown.(从句中缺地点状语)Im sure that they will come tomorrow.(从句中什么都不缺)I dont know which book I should choose.(从句中缺定语)2.1 名词性从句的连接词选用原则：“缺什么就补什么”1.定义：充
3、当主语功能的句子叫主语从句That she was chosen made a great stir(轰动)in her school.3.1 主语从句2.具体用法 it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：It+be+形容词+that-从句 It is necessary/important that.是有必要/重要的.It+be+-ed 分词+that-从句 It is universally acknowledged that./It is known that众所周知It+be+名词+that-从句 It is common knowledge/a fact that 是
4、常识/事实It+不及物动词+that-分句 It happens that碰巧./It occurs to sb.that 突然想起3.1 主语从句 It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 强调句：It is in the morning that the murder took place.(去掉该结构后,句子成分完整)主语从句：It was a pity that you shouldnt go to see the film.（在句子中作主语成分）3.1 主语从句whatever/whichever/whoever引导主语从句的区别 Whatever 是what的强调形式表示“无论什么”
5、相当于 anything thatWhatever/Anything that she does is wrong.whoever 是who的强调形式表示“无论谁”相当于anyone who.Whoever/Anyone who walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.whichever 无论哪个;无论哪些,既指人,又指物.可修饰名词与of连用Whichever book you borrow doesnt matter to us.Whichever of us fulfills his task will lend a han
6、d to others.1.定义：在复合句中充当宾语功能的句子叫宾语从句We can learn what we didnt know.We find it necessary that we(should)practice English every day.某些作表语的形容词，如sure,happy,glad,certain等之后可带宾语从句I am glad that you can come and help me.3.2 宾语从句3.2 宾语从句2.具体用法 wish/would rather后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气。I wish I had finished my homewor
7、k yesterday.Id rather you had been there yesterday 在表示建议,命令,请求的词后面的宾语从句当中用should+V,should可以省略 His pale face suggested that he was ill so I suggested that he should go to see the doctor.He insisted that he was innocent and insisted that he should be set free.3.2 宾语从句2.具体用法 注意it作形式宾语的结构 We all thought
8、 it a pity that we had missed the lesson.I took it for granted that they were not coming.that一般不接介词宾语，偶尔可作except,in的宾语；其它介词后面需用it作形式宾语 He differs from his roommates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.He knows nothing about Jim except that he is from London.You can depend on it that he will
9、 help you in time of emergency.3.2 宾语从句2.具体用法 表示好恶的动词如like;hate;love;enjoy;dislike;appreciate等后面不能直接跟宾语；I like when the weather is sunny.I hate when someone is later for my class.1.定义：充当表语功能的句子被叫做表语从句。The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.3.3 表语从句2.具体用法 reason后面的表
10、语从句只能用that,不能用why引导.The reason is that（because)The reason why we didnt trust him is that he has often lied.(该句型中why引导一个定语从句)1.定义：同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容.这些名词主要是表示抽象概念的词如fact,news,promise,idea,truth;possibility;statement;warning;advice等 3.4 同位语从句3.4 同位语从句2.同位语的引导词有that;whether;why;who;where;how等；其中
11、that和whether只起引导作用；其他连词具有实际意思，同时在同位语中作句子成分。The news that China broken the world record in the Olympic Games has cheered all of us.The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.(why 引导同位语从句解释说明中心语question的内容；且why在从句中作状语)3.4 同
12、位语从句 只起引导作用时，连接词用that而不用whichWhere did you get the idea that she could not come.同位语从句和定语从句的区别：就看that在作引导的从句中是否做句子成分The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very important.（that 引导定语)The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good.(that引导同位语从句)3.5 名词性从句中的几个难点1.No m
13、atter+wh&wh+ever区别在名词性从句当中只能用wh,在引导让步状语从句两者可以互换.He will believe whatever others say.(划线部分部分为名词性从句，不能互换)Whatever others say,he will believe it.(划线部分为状语从句，可以互换)Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.(不可互换)3.5 名词性从句中的几个难点 Whether/if区别 在表语,同位语，主语(置于句首时)从句时只用whether表“是否”The question
14、is whether the film is worth seeing.（表语从句）I have no idea whether we should go to the party.（同位语从句）It hasnt been decided yet if we shall attend the meeting.It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.(主语从句，句末时可互换)3.5 名词性从句中的几个难点 Whether/if区别 形容词；介词；discuss后的宾语从句中只用whether表“是否”It depends on whether yo
15、u can do the work well.(介词宾语)The students are discussing whether they will go out for a picnic this Sunday.I am not sure whether he will come here or not.(形容词的宾语)whether与to do；whether与or或 or not 的搭配The question is whether to stay or leave.Do you mind whether a man or woman does the job.3.5 名词性从句中的几个
16、难点关于that的省略：主语，表语，同位语从句中that不能省略That they are good at English is known to all.（主语从句）The problem is that we dont have enough money.（表语从句）The fact that there are still many people suffering from poverty is really a great problem to the Chinese government.(同位语从句)3.5 名词性从句中的几个难点关于that的省略：在宾语从句中that在以下几种
17、情况中不能省略做介词宾语时that不能省略I know nothing about my neighbor except that he used to work abroad.由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that不可省略We all consider it important that every student(should)be treated properly.3.5 名词性从句中的几个难点关于that的省略 句子含多个并列句时，引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略Everyone knew what happened and that she was worri
18、ed.宾语从句被隔开时，that不能省略 I never doubt,under any circumstance,that he will study hard.如果名词性从句中又含有从句，此时that不能省略 Keep in mind that if you want others to respect you,you must respect others first.(that不能省略，后面的宾语从句中含有一个条件状语从句)1.She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do_it takes to save her life.A.w
19、hichever B.however C.whatever D.whoever答案：C详解：it takes to save her life为宾语从句。句中缺少宾语,所以可排除B。这里引导词物，所以又可排除D；又因为拯救生命所做的事情是没有选择范围的。所以选whatever。2._worried the doctors most was _they could find the cause of the disease.A.What;what B.That;that C.What;how D.How;what答案：C详解：句意：最让医生担忧的是他们怎样才能找到病因。第一空，所选项引导主语从句
20、并在从句中作主语，用what;第二空，所选项引导表语从句并在从句中作方式状语，用how。3.It is suggested _we should think twice before we act.A.as B.which C.whether D.that答案：D详解：根据句子成分分析可知，“_we should think twice before we act”是一个主语从句，it 作形式主语。这个主语从句句意完整而且不缺成分。that 在引导主语从句时，不作任何成分而且没有词义。4.Though having discussed it for long,they still havent
21、 reached an agreement _ they should pour more money into the project.A.that B.if C.whether D.what答案：C详解：_ they should pour more money into the project为同位语从句。根据句意可知，应选whether或if，二者都是“是否”的意思，不作成分，起连接作用。但if不能引导同位语从句，所以选whether。句意：虽然已经讨论了好长时间，他们仍然没有就是否应该向这项工程投入大量资金达成协议。5.It is still under discussion _th
22、e old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A.whether B.when C.which D.where答案：A详解：still under discussion“还在讨论中”说明“旧中巴车站是否应该被一个宾馆替代”还没决定。且根据后面的whetheror not也可以做出正确选择。6.A good friend of mine from _ I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.A.how B.whom C.whic
23、h D.when 答案：D详解：_ I was born 是从句作from的宾语，修饰限定前面的a good friend of mine。根据句意可知，应选when(的时候)。句意：在我动身去北京之前，儿时的一个好友来到了我家。7.It happened once,however,some seventy years ago,_ the gold cup was stolen a few days before the race!A.how B.thatC.where D.what答案：B详解：it是形式主语，_the gold cup was stolen a few days befor
24、e the race!是从句作真正的主语。因为从句成分完整和句意完整，所以选that。8._ Taiwan has purchased a large quantity of arms from the US causes great tension in the Asian and Pacific district.A.What B.That C.It D.As 答案：B详解：_ Taiwan has purchased a large quantity of arms from the US是主语从句。从句不缺成分而且句意完整，所以选that。9.An advertisement is u
25、seful in _ it lets customers know of the kinds of goods in the shops.A.whether B.which C.what D.that答案：D详解：_ it lets customers know of the kinds of goods in the shops是从句作in的宾语。从句不缺成分而且句意完整，所以选that。10.She looks sad.Could you please tell me _ that prevents her from being as happy as before?A.what it i
26、s B.it is what C.how it is D.it is how答案：A详解：强调句型的特殊疑问句的句式为：特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that?如果强调句型的特殊疑问句用作名词性从句，则强调句型要变成陈述语序，即“特殊疑问词+it+is/was+that”。me的后面是用作宾语从句的强调句型的特殊疑问句，所以可排除B和D；分析从句的题干可知，疑问词作主语,what能作主语，而how不能作主语。所以答案为A。11.Why are you staring at me?You look stupid!The way you wear is _annoys most.A.whichB
27、.whereC.howD.what答案：D详解：annoys most是表语从句。引导词作主语，所以可排除B和C。根据句意可知，应选what（所的方式）。12.The firm invested approximately 60 million dollars in _ it says is the worlds largest bottle-bottle recycling plant.A.that B.where C.how D.what 答案：D详解：分析题干结构可知，是_ it says is the worlds largest bottle-bottle recycling pla
28、nt从句作介词in的宾语。it says是插入语。删去it says可知，从句缺少主语，所以选what。what 意为“的事物”，根据这里的语境可以翻译成“的工厂”。13.Do you see why the machine doesnt work?Sorry,lets ask the engineer _.A.what is the matter B.what the matter isC.how is the matter D.how the matter is答案：A 详解：考查宾语从句的语序和引导词。宾语从句的语序为：引导词+陈述语序。What is the matter？这个疑问句是
29、个固定句型。在个句型中，What是主语，is the matter是谓语，所以这个句型变成宾语从句时，语序不用改变。14.What clothes do you think I should wear for the ball?Dress _ you like.A.whichever B.whatever C.whoever D.whomever答案：B_ you like是从句作dress的宾语。引导词作宾语并且指物。根据句意可知，穿的衣服没有选择范围，所以选whatever（凡是的东西）。15._impressed me most was _such a little boy could
30、play the violin so well.A.That;what B.What;that C.That;that D.What;what答案：B 详解：_impressed me most是主语从句。引导词作主语，所以第一空选what(的事情)；_such a little boy could play the violin so well是表语从句。此从句成分完整和句意完整，所以第二空选that。16.As a new graduate,he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here.A.how B.what C.When D.wh
31、ich 答案：B详解：know是及物动词，其后_ it takes to start a business here是宾语从句。空格后的从句中takes是及物动词作谓语，其后缺少宾语，可排除A和C。what有“什么”和“所的事物”的意思；which有“哪个（些）”的意思。根据句意可知，应选what（什么）。句意：作为一名新毕业生，他不知道在这里开始经营需要什么。17.The book looks _it had been out in the rain.A.thatB.whetherC.as thoughD.what答案：C详解：感官系动词sound，look,feel,taste,smell
32、后接as if或as though引导的表语从句。as if 和as though相等，意思是“好像”。18.The conference aims to develop business and let people think about _ they can have a positive influence on the planet.A.why B.that C.what D.how答案：D 详解：_ they can have a positive influence on the planet是从句作about的宾语。根据句意可知，引导词应作方式状语，所以选how(怎么,怎样)。
33、19._team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A.Whenever B.However C.Whatever D.Whichever答案：D详解：由句式结构可知此空白处应选择连词引导主语从句，且在主语从句中作team的定语使用，选项中只有whichever和whatever可同时具备这两种功能。whichever表示有范围的选择，而whatever表示无范围的选择，根据句意可知，是从数个已知的队中选择一个，故选whichever。20._life began on the earth is one
34、 of the biggest puzzles to scientists.A.How B.What C.Where D.That答案：A详解：分析题干结构可知，_ life began on the earth为主语从句。根据句意可知，应选how。句意：生命在地球上如何开始的是科学家们最大的难题之一。21.It is very clear _ our policy is correct.A.what B.that C.why D.where答案：B句意:很明显，我们的政策是正确的。是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句。从句不缺成分而且句意完成，所以选that。22._the rising ho
35、use prices will be under control is what worries people most.A.What B.Whether C.That D.Why答案：B详解：句意：_the rising house prices will be under control为主语从句。根据句意可知，应选whether(是否)。句意：不断上升的房价是否能得到控制是人们最担心的。23._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.IfB.Whether C.That D.When答案：B详解：_ they should p
36、our more money into the project为主语从句。根据句意可知，应选whether或if，二者都是“是否”的意思，不作成分，起连接作用。但if不能引导放在句首的主语从句，所以选whether。24.The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park.A.where B.how C.when D.why 答案：C详解：_ we were visiting the Water Park为表语从句。由the last time可知，引导词应该表示时间,故用when引导此表语从句。when的意
37、思为“的时候”。25.It is no longer a question now_ the Chinese astronauts can wave our national flag in outer space.A.where B.whether C.that D.what答案：C详解：it是形式主语，_the Chinese astronauts can wave our national flag in outer space是从句作真正的主语。因为从句成分完整和句意完整，所以选that。26._we need more equipment is quite obvious.A.B.W
38、hether C.That D.What 答案：C详解：_we need more equipment是主语从句。从句不缺成分而且句意完整，所以选that。注意：that引导主语从句时，that不能省略。27.Many people firmly believed _ a healthy lifestyle can improve the quality of life.A.that B.if C.how D.why答案：A 详解：_ a healthy lifestyle can improve the quality of life是从句作believed的宾语。从句不缺成分而且句意完整，
39、所以选that。28.The man didnt know _ the thief broke into the house and stole all his valuable things.A.it was when that B.when it was that C.that it was when D.was it when that答案：B详解：强调句型的特殊疑问句的句式为：特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that?如果强调句型的特殊疑问句用作名词性从句，则强调句型要变成陈述语序，即“特殊疑问词+it+is/was+that”。know的后面是用作宾语从句的强调句型的特殊疑问句，所以
40、选B。29.Doing housework is _ they hope the girl are ready to do.A.where B.what C.which D.that答案：B详解：_ they hope the girl are ready to do是表语从句。在此从句中，they hope是插入语。把they hope去掉后就清楚地知道空格处作to do的宾语，所以可排除A 和D。根据句意可知，应选what（所的事情）。30.The world thinks highly of _ China and its people have achieved in the last
41、 year.A.that B.which C.what D.how答案：C详解：分析题干结构可知，_ China and its people have achieved in the last year是宾语 从句。此从句中，have achieved缺少宾语，四个选项中只有which和what 有这个功能；根据句意可知，应选what(的成就)。31.When changing lanes,a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know .A.he is entering which lane B.which
42、lane he is enteringC.is he entering which lane D.which lane is he entering答案：B详解：考查宾语从句的语序。宾语从句的语序为：引导词+陈述语序。在此句中，引导词which作lane的定语，要放在lane的前面，he为主语，谓语为is entering,宾语为which lane,所以选 B。32.All the books I have are here.You may borrow _ you like.A.whatever B.whichever C.whenever D.however答案：B详解：_ you li
43、ke为宾语从句。引导词作like的宾语，所以可排除C和 D。Whatever没有选择范围，而whichever有选择范围。根据前句All the books I have are here.可知，借的书是有范围的，所以选whichever。33.The suggestion is _that the students should have plenty of exercise.A.that B.whether C.why D.where答案：A 详解：_that the students should have plenty of exercise为表语从句。此从句成分完整和句意完整，所以选
44、that。34.He was interested in _ he had seen at the exhibition.A.where B.how C.whatD.which答案：C 详解：_ he had seen at the exhibition是从句作介词in的宾语。从句中缺少宾语，可排除A和B。what有“什么”和“所的事物”的意思；which有“哪个（些）”的意思意。根据句意可知，应选what（所的事物）。句意：他对在展览会上所看到的事物感兴趣。35.It sounds _it is raining.A.as ifB.even if C.that D.whether答案：A详解：感官系动词sound，look,feel,taste,smell后接as if或as though引导的表语从句。as if 和as though相等，意思是“好像”。36.I didnt know _ he came here.A.how B.who C.what D.where答案：A详解：_ he came here是从句作didnt know的宾语。根据句意可知，引导词应作方式状语，所以选how(怎么,怎样)。下课加油！冲呀！啦
