1、特殊句式特殊句式, 主要探讨三种句型结构：强调、倒装、省略一、 类别1. 强调：为突出重要内容, 强调句型It is/wasthatIt is your attitude rather than your grades that counts a lot in your learning. 2. 倒装：为强调、平衡句子结构、上下文衔接、描写等, 含完全倒装和部分倒装Seldom have I seen Mary so upset. Then came the day we had been looking forward to. He found a room in the corner. U
2、nder the table was lying an old man. Out rushed the scaring dog. 3. 省略：为避免重复, 语言简练, 主要探讨状语从句的省略When befriended, remember it; when you befriend, forget it. 二、 强调句型 强调句型只为突出重要内容, 不增减原句结构Mans social being determines his thinking. It is mans social being that determines his thinking.1. 陈述形式It is/was + 被
3、强调部分(主、宾、状) + that/who + 其他部分A. 强调主语It is not the place, nor the condition, but the mind alone can make one happy or miserable. It is education will conquer prejudice.It is to do what you like is a decisive factor of you life. B. 强调宾语It is the internal causes and not the external ones the developmen
4、t depend on. It was him I encountered in the park yesterday.C. 强调状语It was in 1905 Einstein set forth the theory of relativity. It is from the sun we get light and heat. It is because of the particular properties the manufactures prefer these to metals. It was when she about to go to bed the telephon
5、e rang. It was not until he failed he realized the root where the bug lay. D. 强调句型的一般疑问句和特殊疑问句一般疑问句：Is/Was it + 被强调部分+ that/who + 其他特殊疑问句：Wh-/How- is/was it that/who + 其他Was it yesterday he broke the window?Was it because of the terrible weather he failed to be punctual? When and Where you got to kn
6、ow Smith?How much you paid for these donuts?Why silver is not widely used as conductor? E. 强调句与主语从句的区别强调句：不增减原句结构, It is that删除后, 句子完整主语从句：It 为形式主语, It is that删除后, 句子不成立It is mans social being that determines his thinking.It is a universal idea that mans social being determines his thinking. F. 其他强调
7、方法a. 助动词do/does/ did 强调谓语动词I hope you will reply to me as early as possible. Do be careful in your work. They give us much help in our research work. b. 短语类Let alone, even less, much less, still less, not to mention, no to speak of 等, “更不用说”It is impossible to finish the work under a year, still les
8、s in six months. We had no hospital, let alone an isolation ward. He is unable to utter a word, not to mention a series of sentences. 三、倒装正常语序：主语位于谓语之前, 然后是宾语或表语其他句子成分倒装语序：谓语或谓语一部分位于主语之前1. 全部倒装 (谓语 + 主语) A. 状语 + 谓语 + 主语主 语：名词, 不能是代词谓 语：go, come, lie, exist, run, rush, stand, fly地点副词：ahead, away, dow
9、n, up, in, out, off, here, there其他副词：hence, now, then, thus 介词短语：under the table, on the top of, between and, at the point等A valley fastness known to the city lies ahead. His cat ran out in a rush. The hammer came down and the sparks flew out. The price went up and up. One special species of dog exi
10、sts in the park. CQ lies at the meeting place of Yangtze River and Jia Ling River. B. 表语 + 谓语 + 主语 谓 语：be表 语：名词、形容词、介词短语、分词The book is here. Her face was stony and even stonier the tone of her voice. The minister and his children were among the guests. The representatives are seated on the chair. Sp
11、ring is coming gradually. Some pictures I have just taken are enclosed. The yard is surrounded with greenery. Some of its compounds are much more important than the element itself. 2. 部分倒装 (疑问语序)A. 否定意义的副词/介词短语 位于句首Hardly, scarcely, little, never, not until, rarely, seldom, not only(but also)By no m
12、eans, at no time, in no way, under no circumstances, on no conditionHe has never talked about the difficulties in his work. Never has he talked about the difficulties in his work. He could no longer be trusted and they had to let him go. and they had to let him go. He rarely came without causing tro
13、uble. I didnt realize the danger of the situation until then. Man not only wants to land on the moon, but on other planets as well. but on other planets as well. We shall under no circumstances discontinue the work weve begun. I will by no means give up. B. Only + 状语 位于句首状语：副词、介词短语、状语从句We can overco
14、me various obstacles only when we are united. Only when we are united can we overcome various obstacles. We can catch up with and surpass the most advanced countries only in this way. and surpass the most advanced countries. I realized the trouble he was in only then. He can achieve his goal only if
15、 he spares no efforts. It has been accepted only in recent times that women have the same rights as men. that women have the same rights as men.C. So/such引导的结构, 放于句首, 主句倒装He runs so fast that no one can catch up with him. So fast does he run that no one can catch up with him. Light travels so fast t
16、hat it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. He spoke so loudly that everyone could hear him clearly. that everyone could hear him clearly. Jack is such a smart boy that he is capable of understanding all the points mentioned. that he is capable
17、of understanding all the points mentioned. The parents love their son to such an extent that they try to satisfy every demand of his. that they try to satisfy every demand of his. 四、省略 (状语从句的省略)1. 从句主语和主句主语指同一人或事, 且谓语动词中有be, 即可省略 (主语+be)If I am given another chance, I will make it definitely. = If g
18、iven another chance, I will make it definitely. When I was walking on the street, I came across an alien. , I came across an alien. As long as she is accompanied, the girl will feel a sense of happiness. , the girl will feel a sense of happiness. Phelps got engaged to her when he was travelling last
19、 winter. Phelps got engaged to her . 2. 省略 (it is)This problem has to be solved as soon as it is possible. This problem has to be solved .You can ask help for the teachers when it is necessary. You can ask help for the teachers . 3. If类A. If + 形容词 (省略主语+be)If true, this will cause us a lot of troubl
20、e. If possible, this instrument may be installed at once. B. If any/if anything主句为肯定句, 意为 “如果有的话”；主句为否定句, 意为 “即使有也不”, 有让步意味Make out the words, if any. 如有新单词, 请标注出来。There is very little water, if any. 即使有水, 也很少。It has little, if anything, to do with literal meaning.和字面意思几乎毫无关系。C. If + 副词 (省略与主句相同部分,
21、与ever, not, so连用)If ever 用于肯定结构，表示 “如果曾经”； 用于否定结构，表示 “即使也不”, 有让步意义If I get well, I will go; if not, not. 如果身体好了, 我就去; 不好, 就不去。If so, I had quite misjudged him. 如果情况是这样, 我就大大冤枉他了。I have never, if ever, been there before. 我几乎从未去过那里。If ever I offended you, it was entirely unintentional. 如果我曾惹恼过你, 纯属无意。
