1、初中英语三大从句一、宾语从句1.宾语：1）I like English.2）She enjoys watching TV.宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。2.宾语从句：1）We know the man.2）We know that he is a good man.充当宾语成分的句子叫做宾语从句。3.宾从的判断：动词介词 宾语从句形容词4.引导词：1）that：that 在从句中无实际含义，不充当成分，在口语中往往省略。e.g.I believe that you are the best.2）whether/if:e.g.I a
2、sked whether he wanted to go shopping with me.if/whether 引导的宾语从句，表示“是否.”,不能省略，在大部分情况下二者可以互换，但在以下情况中,只能用whether，而不能用if。后面有or not；在介词的后面；e.g:I am interested in whether he will come tomorrow.在不定式 to do 前e.g:I dont know whether to do it.在谓语动词discuss的后面3）特殊疑问词疑问副词疑问副词含义含义例句例句充当成分充当成分how如何如何He asked how h
3、e could finish the task.方式状语方式状语where哪里哪里He asked where I lived.地点状语地点状语when什么时候什么时候He asked when I would leave for Beijing.时间状语时间状语why为什么为什么He asked why I was worried.原因状语原因状语分两类：疑问副词和疑问代词。疑问副词只能做状语疑问代词可做主语、宾语、表语等成分。疑问副词疑问副词 含义含义例句例句充当成分充当成分who 谁谁I dont know who cleaned the window.主语、宾主语、宾语和表语语和表语w
4、hom 谁（作宾语）谁（作宾语）He asked whom I would meet.宾语宾语what 什么什么He asked what I liked.主语、宾主语、宾语语whose 谁的谁的He asked whose book this was.定语、表定语、表语语which 哪一个哪一个He asked which book I liked.定语定语 5.宾从的语序：1）区分陈述语序&疑问语序陈述语序：主语+谓语+其他疑问语序：谓语提到主语前（有情提情、有be提be、无情无be请求助）2）宾从的语序：陈述语序3）引导词在从句中作主语，从句语序与疑问句相同：Whats the
5、matter?Would you tell me whas the matter?Whats wrong with you?She didnt tell me what was wrong with you.6.6.宾从的时态：宾从的时态：主句为一般现在时，从句可以用语境所需要的任何时态主句为一般现在时，从句可以用语境所需要的任何时态.主句为一般过去时，从句用相应的过去的时态。主句为一般过去时，从句用相应的过去的时态。从句内容为客观真理，从句仍然用一般现在时。从句内容为客观真理，从句仍然用一般现在时。口诀：口诀：主现从随意，主过从过，真理永一现。主现从随意，主过从过，真理永一现。【课堂练习】1
6、We dont know_,but it tells us the importance of friendship.Awhat the story is about Bwhether the story is true Cwhen did the story take place2 Could you tell me _?Throwing off poverty（脱贫）.Awho people often talk about this year Bwhat people often talk about this yearCwhich do people often talk about
7、this year3-Hi,Alice.I wonder _.-I often go swimming in the sports center.Awhere you skate Bwhat you do on the weekendCwhen you exerciseDwhether you enjoy your weekend4My cousin will drive me to school today,but I dont know _.Awhat hell doBwhere hell goCwhen well leave Dwhy well go thereBBBC二、定语从句1、理
8、解“定语”：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。分析以下例句的句子成分：1）The handsome boy is her friend.请翻译此句：这个帅气的男孩是她的朋友。The handsome boy是：主语 。is是：谓语 。her friend是：表语 。handsome是：定语,作用是 修饰后面的名词boy。her是：定语 ,作用是 修饰后面的名词friend 。2）The handsome boy who is singing is her friend.请翻译此句：这个正在唱歌的帅气男孩是她的朋友 。此句中，who is singing作为 定语 成分，作用是
9、 修饰前面的名词boy 。2、定语从句的定义：在复合句中作定语的句子叫做定语从句，定语从句的作用是修饰前面的先行词或主句中的其他成分。I have a sister.She is a student.请把这两个简单句改成包含定语从句的复合句。I have a sister who is a student.定语从句的关系词分类：关系词关系词被修饰的先行词被修饰的先行词关系词在定从中的作用关系词在定从中的作用关系代词关系代词that人人/物物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语which物物主语、宾语主语、宾语who人人主语、宾语主语、宾语whom人人宾语宾语whose人人/物物定语定语关系副词关系
10、副词when时间时间时间状语时间状语where地点地点地点状语地点状语why原因原因原因状语原因状语 注意:1）定语从句关系词不能为what。2）关系代词that，which，who，whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略，但“介词+关系代词”的结构中，关系代词不可省略。3)介词+which:先行词是物，介词+whom：先行词是人关系代词1）that：that可代替which，who，whom，做从句的宾语时可以省略，作主语不可省。This is the bottle(that)I like best.I have a dress that is beautiful.只能用that的情况：先行
11、词含有no,few,some,any,all,something等不定代词All that we have to do is to finish the task.先行词被序数词修饰时The first lesson that I learnt will never be forgotten.先行词被最高级修饰时This is the most beautiful park that I have ever been to.先行词含有the only,the very,the same,the last表示特指的词时He is the last person that I want to be
12、 with.先行词中既有人又有物时They talked about the things and people that they liked best.不用that的情况前有介词：This is the house in which I live.【课堂练习】1.One day Mike went with his father to see his grandparents_ live in a small town.A.which B.where C.when D.who 2.The bicycle_he wanted was at least$90.A.who B.whichC.wh
13、atD.how3.The girl _ is singing in the stage is my neighbor.A.she B.whichC.whomD.who1.This is the worst novel _I have ever read.Awhich B.where C.that D.what4.He said nothing_made me angry.A.that B.which C.as D.itDBDCA三、让步状语从句1.定义：让步状语从句是状语从句的一种，一般翻译为“无论 ”，“即使，“无论”，“尽管”。2.引导状语从句的连词主要有 although，though，
14、even if，9 even though，no mater+疑问词，whether.or。翻译：尽管他没有说什么，我明白他的意思。()John said he wasnt frightened,_ I can feel his heart quickly.A.Although;but B.Although;/C.But;/D.Though;but总结：though和although不能与 but 连用，可以和 still ，yet 连用强调对比。易混词：though conj.尽管 thought n.思想 through prep.通过 BAlthough he said nothing,
15、I understand his meaning.2）even if 和even though表示“即使”，“纵使”。这两个复合连词的意思基本相同，常互换使用，也可和although/though互换使用，但even if/though语气更强烈。Exercises完成句子尽管他学习很努力，他最后还是失败了。Even if he studied hard，he failed at last.3）whetheror“不管是还是”。由此复合连词引导的让步状语从句，旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果，所以它的语气是比较强烈的，也更加坚定了主句的内容。Exercises翻译：不管你
16、想不想去，你都要去。Whether you want to go or not,you have to go.4）“no matter疑问词”，或“疑问词ever”，表示“无论”Exercises翻译：1.无论你去哪里，无论你做什么，我都会在这里等你。Wherever you go,whatever you do,I will be right here waiting for you.（摘自歌曲Right Here Waiting）（转为同义句）No matter where you go,no matter what you do,I will be right here waiting
17、for you.四、原因状语从句引导词引导词用法【语气强烈程度用法【语气强烈程度becausesinceas】because意为意为“因为因为”，表因果的语气最强。可以回答以，表因果的语气最强。可以回答以why引导引导的特殊疑问句，强调因果关系。的特殊疑问句，强调因果关系。Im leaving because Im fed up with him.注意：注意：判断正误。Because it was raining,we stayed at home.（T T）It was raining,so we stayed at home.（T T）Because it was raining,so w
18、e stayed at home.（F F）总结：总结：becausebecause和和soso不能连用不能连用用because或because of填空。He didnt get the job becausebecause he is too old.He didnt get the job because ofbecause of his age.总结：总结：becausebecause后面加句子，后面加句子，because ofbecause of后面加短语。后面加短语。since意为意为“既然，由于既然，由于”，引导众所周知的原因，通常位于句首。，引导众所周知的原因，通常位于句首。S
19、ince Monday is his birthday,lets give him a party.as意为意为“由于由于”，引导很明显的原因，与，引导很明显的原因，与since用法大致相同。位于句首或句中。用法大致相同。位于句首或句中。She didnt hear us come in as she was asleep.1.I taught them to sing_music can bring them joy and peace.A.so B.although C.because D.and2.The meeting was put off_ the heavy rain.A.as
20、B.since C.because D.because of 3._I stayed up late last night,_ I was tired this morning.A.Because;but B./；so C.Because;so D.Because of;so CDB五、地点状语从句引导词引导词用法用法where意为意为“在在的地方的地方”。位于句首或句中。位于句首或句中。where+陈述句语序。陈述句语序。He lives where the climate is cool.wherever意为意为“在任何在任何的地方的地方”。位于句首或句中。位于句首或句中。wherever
21、+陈述句语序。陈述句语序。You can sit wherever you like.六、结果状语从句1、定义：结果状语从句一般用来补充说明主句中的动作或状态所产生的结果，通常位于主句之后。2、引导词：1)sothat句型1：so+adj./adv.+that。e.g.It was so dark that I couldnt see anything.句型2：so+adj.+a/an+单数可数名词+that。She is so nice a person that everyone likes her.句型3:so many/few+可数名词复数+that。We have so many b
22、ooks that we cant finish reading them in this week.We have so few books that we cant give them to other students.句型4：so much/little+不可数名词+that。He has so much homework to do that he cant go out with us.He has so little money that he cant afford any food.2)suchthat句型1：such a/an(adj.)+可数名词单数+that。He is
23、 such a clever boy that I like him very much.请用“so+adj.+a/an+单数可数名词+that”的句型写出同义句。He is so clever a boy that I like him very much.句型2：such+adj+不可数名词/可数名词复数+that。It is such fine weather that I want to go out.【课堂练习】1.The children have_ homework _they cant go to sleep on time.A.so many;that B.such many
24、;that C.so much;that D.such much;that2.When I was young,I was _nervous that I couldnt talk to anyone.A.too B.toC.such D.so3.The camera is_expensive_ I cant afford it.A.very,soB.too,to C.so,that D.enough,that4.I was _ excited _I could not fall asleep.A.as;asB.so;asC.too;to D.so;that5.English is_ a us
25、eful language_it is spoken in many Countries of the world.A.sothatB.suchthat C.sobecause D.suchbecauseCDCDB七、时间状语从句1.“当时”引导词引导词用法用法when1)意为意为“当当.时候时候”.”.，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。生。2）观察例句：He was doing homework whenhis mother came back.I met my best friend whenI was talking.when引导的时间状
26、语从句可接引导的时间状语从句可接A BA B（A.延续性动词延续性动词 B.短暂性动词）短暂性动词）3）When后不限动词时态，但是表过去时，用后不限动词时态，但是表过去时，用一般过去时一般过去时，表将来，表将来时，用时，用一般现在时一般现在时。e.g.When I dived,I saw the amazing undersea world.When I get there next time,I will dive again.while意为意为“当当.时候时候”，引导的从句常用，引导的从句常用 延续性延续性动动词或表示词或表示状态状态的动词。的动词。e.g.While I am doin
27、gmy homework,my mother is cooking.While I am doing my homework,the TV is on.【区分】【区分】While也可以作并列连词，表示两者之间的对比关系，意为也可以作并列连词，表示两者之间的对比关系，意为然而然而。e.g.I like watching TV,while my brother likes listening to music.as意为意为随着随着。e.g.We get wiser as we grow older.口诀口诀when后后长短长短,while后后长长；两长；两长whilewhile，两短，两短when
28、when，一边一边用，一边一边用asas。Exercises：1.I am very excited_I hear that there is going to be a football match on TV next Saturday night.A.when B.so C.until D.before2.I_the football match when you suddenly_me.A.watched;called B.watched;was calling C.was watching;called D.was watching;was calling3.The little b
29、oy fell asleep _his mother was singing him a nice song.A.while B.after C.before D.so4.-_years go by,China is getting richer and stronger.-We hope our country will be better and better.A.As B.When C.While D.SinceACAA2.“直到”引导词引导词用法用法until/tilluntil意为意为直到直到。e.g.You may stay here until/till the rain sto
30、ps.2.notuntil 意为意为直到直到.才才。也可以将。也可以将not换为换为nevernever等表示等表示否定的词。否定的词。e.g.He did not go to bed until he had finished his work.注意：主句用注意：主句用A.延续性动词延续性动词 时，使用时，使用until/till引导从句。主句引导从句。主句用用B.短暂性动词短暂性动词时，使用时，使用notuntil引导从句。引导从句。【A.延续性动词延续性动词 B.短暂性动词】短暂性动词】e.g.We mustnt get out of the bus until it stops.You
31、 may stay here until/till the rain stops.Exercises:1.I wont believe that the five-year-old boy could read magazines I tested him myself.A.if B.when C.after D.until 2.Dont hurry.The bus wont start everybody gets on.A.since B.as C.until D.when 1.“一就”引导词引导词用法用法as soon as意为意为一一就就。表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即。表示从句
32、的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生。通常遵循主将从现原则。发生。通常遵循主将从现原则。e.g.As soon as he arrives,I will call you.I will play with you as soon as I finish my homework.Exercises：1.He you as soon as he home.A.calls;arrives B.will call;will arriveC.will call;arrive D.will call;arrives 2.I helped my mum with housework yesterday I go
33、t home.A.as soon as B.before C.until D.while1.“在前/后”引导词引导词用法用法before意为意为在在.之前之前。表示主句的动作发生在从句。表示主句的动作发生在从句之前之前。e.g.She will call me before she leaves.after意为意为在在.之后之后。表示主句的动作发生在从句。表示主句的动作发生在从句之后之后。e.g.She will call me after she leaves.Exercises：1.The boy ran away _ I could say a word.A.beforeB.whenC.
34、untilD.after八、条件状语从句1.“如果”引导词引导词用法用法If意为意为如果如果，引导条件状语从句。，引导条件状语从句。e.g.If it snows tomorrow,we will build a snowman.【区分】意为【区分】意为是否是否，引导宾语从句。，引导宾语从句。e.g.He asked me if I could help him.Exercises：1.we dont save water,we will have no water to drink one day.A.Where B.When C.Although D.If2.What they do if
35、 they the bus?A.do;will miss B.will;misses C.will;miss D.will;will miss2.“除非”引导词引导词用法用法unless意为意为除非除非，=if notif not.e.g.You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.=You will fail to arrive there in time if you dont start earlier.Exercises:1.he is under 16,he will be allowed to dri
36、nk alcohol.A.Since B.Because C.If D.Unless 2.-Mom,can t watch TV now?-No.You watch TV you have finished your homework.A.cant;if B.mustnt;unless C.may;unless D.should;if1.“只要”引导词引导词用法用法so/as long as意为意为只要只要。e.g.As long as you are here,I will be fine.e.g.My ruler is as long as yours.【区分】意为【区分】意为和和.一样长
37、一样长。Exercises:1.A mothers love will stay with a child he needs it.A.as long as B.as much as C.as many as D.as far as2.-I think using computer screens are bad for our eyes.-But they will be helpful for us we put them into good use.A.as soon B.as long as C.until D.so that 4.时态口诀：主将从现 ，主情从现 ，主祈从现 ，真理永一
38、现 。e.g.Panda will sit in the tree if he feels happy.Sit in the tree if you feel happy.You can sit in the tree if you feel happy.If temperature is below 0，water turns into ice.在主将从现的结构中，一般将来时只能用will，不能用be going to。九、目的状语从句引导词引导词用法用法so that意为意为为了，以便于为了，以便于。e.g.We are climbing higher so that we can get
39、 a better view.in order that意为意为为了，以便于为了，以便于。e.g.I am going to take driving lessons in order that I can drive.【课堂练习】1.The boy saved every coin he could buy his mother a present.A.in order toB.because C.so thatD.however2.Nowadays,laptop is becoming smaller and smaller it can be carried around .A.so t
40、hat;easy B.in order to;easily C.so;easyD.so that;easily3.Please open the window _ we can breathe fresh air.A.if B.so that C.such thatD.even if综合练习1.-What did your teacher say to you?-She asked me _.A.that do I fail the test B.that I fail the test C.why I failed the test D.why did I fail the test2.I
41、had been looking for the book for two days_I found it at last.A.until B.when C.while D.after 3._he is over 65,hes very fit and still enjoys working.A.If B.WhenC.Because D.Although4.-Will you please show me _WeChat to talk to others?-Sure,its quite easy.A.how can I use B.what can I use C.what to use
42、D.how to use5.He always tried to help people_were in trouble.A.whichB.whoC.whyD.whenCADDB6._you return the books to the library on time,you wont be able to borrow more books.A.Unless B.WhenC.SinceD.If7.-What do you think of Li Lin?-Oh,she always works_ hard_she pays little attention to her family.A.too,to B.very,that C.so,thatD.such,that8.You wont find paper cutting difficult_you keep practice it.A.even though B.so long as C.as if D.unless9.I made_terrible mistake that everybody was surprised.A.so a B.such a C,so the D.such theACDB
