1、状语从句状语从句 1、地点状语从句、地点状语从句 地点状语从句表示地点、方位， 这类从句通常由 where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere 引 导。 Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。 They will go where they are happy.他们想到他们觉得快乐的地方去。 We must camp where we can get water. 我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。 地点状语从句与定语从句的区别地点状语从句与定语从句的区别: 在于分句在句中作什么成分。 作状语， 则是状语从句； 作定
2、语修饰名词， 则是定语从句。 where 引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而状语从句前则无需先 行词。如： Go back where you came from.(where 引导地点状语从句） Go back to the village where you came from.(where 引导定语从句，修饰 village) We went home, where we had dinner. (where 引导定语从句，修饰 home) 2、原因状语从句原因状语从句 原因状语从句一般由 because(因为)，since(既然)，now that(既然，因为)，
3、as(由于)等连词引 导。 （1）because 表示直接的原因，表示原因的语气最强，常表示必然的因果关系。回答 why 引起的特殊 疑问句，只能用 because。 Jane wore a raincoat because it was raining.因为天下雨，所以詹穿着雨衣。 He is absent today because he is ill.他今天缺课，因为他病了。 （2）since 表示对方已经知晓、无须加以说明的原因或事实，语气比 because 稍弱。 Ill do it for you since you are busy.既然你忙，我来替你做吧。 Since you
4、insist, Ill go.既然你坚持，那我就去。 Since you have seen both fighters, who do you think will win? （3）now that 意为“既然”，与 since 同义，但更突出事实本身。 Now that youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. 既然你有了机会， 你要充 分利用它。 Now that everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都来了，我们就开始开会吧。 Now that I am we
5、ll again, I can go on with my work.我既然恢复了健康，那就可以继续工作 了。 （4）as 表示的往往是十分明显的原因，听者或读者已经知道或能看得出来，语气较弱，只附带说 明，比较口语化。 We had better hurry as its getting dark.因为天快要黑了，我们最好快点。 As you object, Ill change the plan.由于你反对，我将改变计划。 As it is raining, Ill not go out. 因为正在下雨，我就不出去了。 （5）for for 是并列连词并列连词，它引导的分句不表示直接的原因
6、，而是用来附带解释或说明前面一句的 情况。for 引导的分句常位于第一分句之后，它们之间用逗号隔开。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.昨晚准是下雨了， 今天早上地 面还是湿的。 The day breaks, for the birds are singing.小鸟在歌唱，一定是天亮了。 3、目的状语从句目的状语从句 目的状语从句由 that，so that，in order that，in case 等引导。that，so that，in order that 从 句中的谓语动词前常有情态动
7、词 may、might、can、could、will, would 等。in order that 引导 的状语从句可以放在句首、与句尾，而 so that 引导的只能放在句尾. These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely. 这些人甘冒生命危险，是为 了让我们活得更安全些。 Drive carefully (so) that everyone can enjoy a long life.开车小心点，让大家多活几年。 Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot
8、. 倘若太阳很利害，你就把帽子戴上。 4、结果状语从句结果状语从句 1、so that，sothat, suchthat 引导结果状语从句引导结果状语从句 He worked hard so that he passed the exam. The film was so wonderful that we wanted to see it again. He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep. 2、sothat 与与 suchthat 的区别的区别 这两种结构都可引导结果状语从句。so 是副词，后接形容词或
9、副词；such 是形容词， 后接名词。 （1）单数名词）单数名词 在 so.that 与 such.that 中间出现的是单数名词，且该名词前有形容词修饰时，这两种 结构可互换，但要注意它们的词序不同:such+ a/an+形容词十名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词。 She is such a good teacher that all of us love her.= She is so good a teacher that all of us love her.她是一位很好的老师，我们都敬爱她。 （2）不可数名词或复数可数名词）不可数名词或复数可数名词 如果被修饰的是不可数名词或复数可
10、数名词时，一般须用 such.that。 He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English.他进步很 快，不久就开始用英语写文章。(不可数名词) They are such interesting books that we all want to read them.这些书是那么有趣以致我们 都想读一读。(复数可数名词) （3）名词前有）名词前有 many，much，little，few 修饰时修饰时 如果不可数名词或复数可数名词前有 many，much，little，few
11、修饰时，则用 sothat。 Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.我摔了好多次跤，周身青一块紫一块 的。 George had so little money that he had to get a job.乔治没有钱，所以他不得不找工作干。 They are such little children that they cant do anything.他们是小孩，什么事情都干不了。 5、比较状语从句比较状语从句 比较状语从句一般由 asas, not as/soas, than, the more, the more
12、引导。 The director gave me a better offer than he gave Dick.导师给我的提议比给狄克的好。 I cant run as/so fast as he can. 我不能跑得他那样快。 The more fluently you speak English, the more opportunity you will get to communicate with international talents. 你英语说得越流利，就越有机会与国际人才交流。 6、方式、方式状语从句状语从句 方式状语从句一般由 as(正如；按照正如；按照)，as if
13、/as though(好像好像)等引导。 You must do everything as I do.你们要照我这样去做。 Just as the water is the most important of liquids, air is the most important gases. 正如水是液体中最重要的一种一样，空气是气体中最重要的一种。 He spoke as if he knew the question very well.他说得好像对这个问题知道得很清楚。 It looks as if it is going to rain.天看上去好像要下雨。 7、条件状语从句、条件状
14、语从句 条件状语从句可以位于主句前面或后面,由 if, unless（除非，如果不）（除非，如果不）, as/so long as（只要）（只要） 引导 You will be late unless you leave immediately.除非你立即走，否则，你会迟到。 If you dont hurry up, youll be late. 如果你不快点，你就会晚了。 Well go there as long as it doesnt rain. 只要不下雨，我们就去那儿。 8、让步状语从句让步状语从句 让步状语从句由 though, although, while, even if
15、 (though)等引导。都不能和 but 连用，但可 以和 yet, still 连用。可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。 Although he is considered a great writer，his works are not widely read.虽然有人认为他是一 个大作家，但是他的作品读得并不广泛。 We wont give up even if we should fail ten times.即使是我们失败十次，我们也不会放弃。 课堂练习课堂练习 （一）选择（一）选择 1.He has _ that he is often lonely. A. such few
16、friends B. such little friends C. so few friends D. so a few friends 2.Youd better do _ you are required. A. like B. which C. that D. as 3.I am sure Ill meet kind-hearted man _ I go. A. where B. to the place where C. wherever D. the place 4. I would appreciate it _ you call back this afternoon for t
17、he doctors appointment. A. until B. if C. when D. that 5. _ you go, you must obey the law A. Wherever B. what C. where D. whether 6. _ everyone is here, lets begin our meeting. A. Since B. Because C. As D. For 7.The little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait for her mother. Awhere
18、Bwhat Chow Dwho 8. What do you think about the new teacher? _the new teacher is an elegant(优雅的) lady，she can be extremely difficult to work with. AAs if BAs long as CBecause DWhile 9. Dont be afraid of asking your teachers for help _it is needed. Aas Bsince Cunless Dwhen 10. What should we pay more
19、attention to if we go north in winter，Mum? Nothing much. Take warm clothes _the weather is cold. Aas long as Bnow that Cif Din case 11.Shall we have our picnic tomorrow? _it doesnt rain. AUntil BWhile COnce DIf 12.You may use the room as you like _you clean it up afterwards. Aso far as Bso long as C
20、in case Deven if 13. The medicine works more effectively _you drink some hot water after taking it. Aas Buntil Calthough Dif 14.Peter was so excited _he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing. Awhere Bthat CWhy Dwhen 15.Owen wouldnt eat anything _he cooked it himself. Auntil Bsinc
21、e Cunless Dwhile 16. My parents dont mind what job I do _I am happy. Aeven though Bas soon as Cas long as Das though 17._the Internet is bridging the distance between people，it may also break some families or cause other family problems. AWhen BIf CWhile DSince 18.There are，_you dont mind me saying
22、so，several problems with this idea of yours. Aif Bunless Calthough Dbecause 19. _there is little we can do to modify the weather, we can at least know what kind of weather to expect. ASince BWhen CEven if DUnless 20. My mother likes everything in order ， and she always reminds us to put things back_
23、we get them from. Aso that Bin which Conce Dwhere 21.The more careful you are, the _ mistakes you will make A. fewer B few C less D little 22. I had no idea of the exact address of Xinhua High School_I was outside its front gate. Awhen Bafter Cuntil Dbecause 23. _youve experienced it，you cant unders
24、tand how I felt. AOnce BBecause CUnless DWhile 24.Havent seen Lucy recently，whats happened? Oh，its more than two months _she worked here. Awhich Bthat Cbefore Dsince 25. He has made_that everyone is happy for him. A. such great progress B. so great progress C. such a great progress D. so great a pro
25、gress CDCBA AADDD ABDDC ACACD BCCDA （二）填空（二）填空 1.They went _ they could find work. where 2.I could still be a winner _ _ _ I believed in myselfas long as 3.A lot of people in the world today are used to working, going on holiday, and having moneybut many of them arent happy. Yet other people seem to
26、 be really happy,_ _ they are poor, or have no job, or are surrounded by problems. Why? Even though 4.Modern cars are far tougher to steal, _ their engine management computer wont allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed (发射) out by the ignition (点火) because / as/ since 5. The
27、y worked harder than usual _ _ _ they could finish the work ahead of time . in order that 6.He acted nothing _ _ had happened. as if (though) 7.He doesnt run as fast _ Jack (does) as 8.Well tell you the truth _ _you can judge for yourself. so that 9.We waited _he came back . till (until) 10.The old
28、man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife. Because 11. Today, we will begin _ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. where 12. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, _ they are accompanied by an adult
29、. Unless 13. The higher you stand, the_(father) you will see. farther 14. _ he failed , he didnt give up. Although/though 15. You should take an umbrella, _ _ it rains in case （三）翻译（三）翻译 1. Tom 刚一捐完他所有的钱就开始后悔了。(Hardly) Hardly had Tom donated all his money when he began to regret it. 2. 每位同学就坐后老师才开始上
30、课。(until) The teacher didnt start his lesson until every student got seated. 3. 尽管他很有钱，但他仍然很谦虚。(modest) Although/Though /Even if/though he has a lot of money, he is still modest. 4. 老妇人对待对待那个男孩好像他是她的儿子似的（as） The old lady treats the boy as if he were his own son. 5. 我按照你的建议吧计划改了（as） I have changed th
31、e plan as you suggested. 6. 你和他呆的时间越长， 你就越了解他。（the more.） The longer you stay with him, the better you will know him. 7. 学校就建在原来是教堂的地方。（where） The school was built where there had once been a church. 8. 他努力学习为了他将来更好地为人民服务（in order that） He studies hard in order that he will serve people well in the
32、future. 9. 既然你承认错误，我就原谅你. Now that/Since you have admitted the mistakes, I forgive you. 10.只要你取得进步，你爸爸就会赞扬你。 As long as you make progress, your father will praise you. 课后作业课后作业 （一）单选（一）单选 1. He cant have gone out, _ the light is still on. A. because B. since C. as D. for 2. _ youve got the chance, y
33、ou might as well make full use of it. A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as 3. Id like to arrive 20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of tea. A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that 4. He has _ little education _ he is unable to find a job. A. suchthat B. soand C. sothat
34、D. suchand 5. The students must do _ the teacher told them. A. as B. before C. after D. if 6. We can get there on time _ the car doesnt break down. A. while B. as long as C. so that D. even if 7. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _ they are different from your own. A. until B. even i
35、f C. unless D. as though 8. The more careless you are, _. A. the more youll make mistakes B. the more mistakes youll make C. youll make more mistakes D. the most you make mistakes 9. She found her wallet _ she lost it. A. where B. when C. in which D. that 10. The school was built _ there had once be
36、en a church. A. where B. when C. in which D. that DADCABBBAA （二）选词填空（二）选词填空 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. complicated B. seldom C. aimed D. dangerous E. change F. relative
37、G. simple H. quality I. inexperienced J. ignore There are more than almost two million cars on the streets of Shanghai. Thats not a big number _41_ to the citys population of 23 million, but everyone agrees that traffic is a big problem here. And many people would argue that its not the number of ca
38、rs on the road, but the _42_ of the drivers that is the main cause of concern. According to one survey, 37% of Shanghai drivers have less than three years of driving experience. Many of these drivers are middle-aged and have never operated machinery more _43_ than a washing machine. On the road, the
39、y drive fast when they should drive slow, _44_ use turn signals, and make right turns on red lights without stopping first. And in the past year, there have been several incidents that resulted in pedestrian deaths when _45_ drivers mistook the gas pedal for the brake (刹车)pedal. There are new regula
40、tions _46_ at making it more difficult for people to get a drivers license, but that is only a partial solution to Shanghais traffic problems. What is really needed is a _47_ in drivers attitudes. There seems to be a lack of concern for safety on the part of drivers: their own safety and the safety
41、of others. You can see this every day as drivers change lanes aggressively and _48_ pedestrians at crosswalks and intersections. A car is a great convenience, but it can also be a _49_ weapon. Drivers will have to realize that before Shanghais streets can become truly safe. 41-49 FHABI CEJD （三）阅读理解并
42、分析句子成分（三）阅读理解并分析句子成分 Among all the fast growing science and technology, the research of human genes, or biological engineering as people call it, is drawing more and more attention now. Sometimes it is a hot topic discussed by people. The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious
43、 diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart disease. Every year, millions of people are murdered by these two killers. And to date, doctors have not found an effective way to cure them. But if the gene technology is applied, not only these two diseases can
44、be cured completely, bringing happiness and more living days to the patients, but also the great amount of money people spend on curing their diseases can be saved, therefore it benefits the economy as well. In addition, human life span(寿命) can be prolonged. Gene technology can help people to give b
45、irth to healthy and clever children. Some families, with the English imperial family being a good example, have hereditary(遗传的) diseases. This means their children will for sure have the family disease, which is a great trouble for these families. In the past, doctors could do nothing about heredita
46、ry diseases. But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly. The scientist just need to find the wrong gene and correct it, and a healthy child will be born. Some people are worrying that the gene research can be used to manufacture human beings in large quantities. In the past few years, scientists have succeeded in cloning a sheep, therefore these people predict that human babies would soon be cloned. But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities, for most couples in the
