1、定语从句语法总结定语从句“三要素”1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词指人的先行词指物的先行词 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。He has passed the driving test,which surprises all of us.(which替代前面所叙述的事情)先行词2.关系词：引导定语的词(1)关系词的作用 替代前面的先行词（替代作用）连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）(2)关系词的分类 标准：根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类 关系代词：that/which/who/whom/whose/as（在从句中做 主、宾、表、定）关系副词：w
2、hen/where/why（在从句中作状语）判断Do you know the old man who/that is standing under the tree?She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.This is the school where my mother works.Could you explai
3、n the reason why you were late?主语宾语定语状语状语状语判断Do you know the old man（）is standing under the tree?She got a computer（）her parents bought for her.The boy（）father is a doctor studies very hard.I still remember the day（）you left for Beijing.This is the school（）my mother works.Could you explain the reaso
4、n（）you were late?主语宾语定语状语状语状语关系代词的省略 who/whom/which/that在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。I cant recognize the person(that/who/whom)I met five years ago.(可省)He knows a foreigner who/that is from South Africa.(不可省)用that(不用which)的情况：1.先行词是all,much,little,few,something,anything,everything,none,nothing（指物）等不定代词。He did
5、everything that he could to help us.【注意：先行词是指人的不定代词，如one,anyone,those等时，用who，不用that】2.先行词有the only,the same,the very,any,every,no,all,few,little,much等词修饰时。Reading was the only thing that interested her most.7用that(不用which)的情况：83.先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best film that has been shown
6、 so far in the city.The first thing that we should do now is to find a local guide.4.先行词既有人又有物时。I am going to talk about the countries and people that I have visited.用that(不用which)的情况：95.主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。Which is the bike that you lost?6.先行词在主句中作表语，关系代词本身在从句中也作表语时。Shanghai is no longer the city th
7、at it used to be.用which(不用that)的情况：101.在非限制性定语从句中。【非限制性定语从句：和先行词关系不密切（补充说明），使用逗号与主句分开】【限制性定语从句：和先行词关系密切，不用逗号与主句分开】2.介词后用which，不用that。This is the room of which the window faces the sea.As引导定语从句用法(1)常用于以下句型当中：such/so.as.像.一样，the same.as 和.同样的 A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday.Th
8、ere is no such thing as a free lunch.He is not the same man as he was.the same as.和the same that.引导定语从句的区别 This is the same bike that I lost yesterday.(同一事物)This is the same bike as I lost yesterday.（同类事物）*有时并无区别，而且一般认为the same之后用as比用that更合适。(2)引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像”等。可以放在句首、句中或句末。As I remember,there
9、 were a bar here.Taiwan is an inseparable part of China,as is known to all.as 多用于下列习惯用语中:as we all know 正如大家所知 as is well known 众所周知 as I can remember 正如我所记得的 as you see 如你所见 as we expect 正如我们预料的那样 as was expected 正如预料的那样 as is often the case 这是常有的事 as someone put(s)it 正如某人所说 as the old saying goes
10、正如古语所说/常言道 关系副词的运用 关系副词=相应的介词+关系代词(1)When 在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的time,day等 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.(when=on which)(2)Where 在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的place,spot等 Can you tell me the office where he works?(where=in which)(3)Why 在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有reason.I dont want to listen to any
11、 reason why you were absent.(why=for which)【填空】We have entered an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true.when：先行词age是“时代”的意思。where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词，如case(情形)、situation（情况）、position(位置)、stage(阶段)、point（地步）等。There are cases where people have more severe complications.有患者出现严重的并发症的情况。(此时wher
12、e=in which)What are the situations where body language is the only form of communication?在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式？(此时where=in which)We are in a position where we can change.(此时where=in which)We are now at a stage where conditioins are geting better.(此时where=at which)There are many points where their failu
13、re happens.失败的因素出现在许多环节。(此时where=at which)特殊的先行词 way在定语从句中四种引导方式 that/which/in which/不填：(1)way后面的定语从句中缺宾语，则用that/which/不填 The way that/which/不填 he told to us was quite simple.(2)way后面的定语从句中缺方式状语，则用in which/that/不填 The way in which/that/不填 he explains the sentence to us is quite simple.(2)先行词reason当在
14、定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的4种引导方式 why/for which/that/不填 This is the reason why/for which/that/不填 he can not come here.比较：Is this the reason which/that/不填 he explained to us for his absence from the conference.reason 在定语从句中做explain的宾语【多选题】The reason _ he died was lack of medical care.A.why B.that C.for which D./
15、ABCD The reason _ he is late is _ there is a break down on the railway.A.why,why B.because,that C.that,because D.why,that D:reason后接定语从句时，关系副词多用why，后接表语从句时，多用that引导。接表语从句：The reason is that I was angry.This is the very reason _ he explained to me just now.A.why B.that C.for which D.which B(3)先行词time
16、 time表示“第几次”（有序数词）时，用关系代词that引导定语从句 This is the first time that the president has visited the country.time作“一段时间”讲时，应用关系副词when This was the time when there were no radios,no telephones or no TV sets.此时when=during which 在.期间关系代词whose的用法 whose在定语从句中做定语。当先行词是人：whose=the+名词+of whom 当先行词是物：whose=the+名词+o
17、f which Do you know the boy whose parents are on holiday?=Do you know the boy the parents of whom are on holiday?=Do you know the boy of whom the parents are on holiday?Id like a room whose window faces the sea.【单选】He is the very man in _ pocket I found my lost money.A.that B.who C.whom D.whoseD“代词+
18、介词+关系代词”结构 These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish,some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish.Some of the birds and fish feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.此类结构常见的有:some/severa
19、l/a few/a little/many/more/most of which/whom 形式。e.g.Here are the questions,some of which I think are difficult for you.Several hundred were arrested(逮捕),most of whom were later released.定语从句的主谓一致(1)当先行词是 one of+复数名词，从句的谓语动词要用复数形式 The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of
20、 visitor every year.(2)当先行词是 the only+one of+复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式 The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.(3)先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式 Great changes have taken place in China,as is known to all.He has passed the driving test,which surprises all of us.that引导的
21、定语从句、名词性从句和强调句的区别:定语从句中的that:关系代词，在后面的定语从句中做句子成分。强调句中的that,运用于it is/wasthat（who）.结构；判断标准：去掉强调句型结构，成分仍然完整。名词性从句中的that：从属连词，只起连接主从句的作用，在从句中不做句子成分。比较：1.It was Tom that saw Jane at the movie theatre yesterday.Tom saw Jane at the movie theatre yesterday.（句子完整）强调句 2.It is true that he is a man of few word
22、s.True he is a man of few words.（句子不完整）it做形式主语的主语从句 3.It is on the island that they spent 10 years.On the island they spent 10 years.=They spent 10 years on the island.（句子完整）强调句 4.It is the island where they spent 10 years.The island they spent 10 years.(句子不完整)定语从句比较：This is the book that I am looki
23、ng for.(that 引导定语从句)The fact that he stole the money surprised all of us.(that 引导名词性从句-同位语从句)That he will come to the conference has excited all of us.(that引导名词性从句-主语从句)We all expect that they would win,for members of their team are stronger.(that引导名词性从句-宾语从句)The reason for your failure is that you lack confidence in yourself.(that 引导名词性从句-表语从句)
