1、动词时态表示谓语动词的动作或状态发生的时间和方式。英语中共有四种不同的时间（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）和四种不同的方式（一般、进行、完成、完成进行），任意一种时间和方式相组合就构成一种时态。英语中共有十六种动词时态时间方式现在过去将来过去将来一般动词原形第三人称单数动词原形第三人称单数形式形式动词的过去式动词的过去式shallwill动词原动词原形形shouldwould动词原形动词原形进行amisare现在分词现在分词waswere现在现在分词分词shallwill be现在现在分词分词shouldwould be现在分词完成havehas过去分词过去分词had过去分词过去分词shallw
2、ill have过过去分词去分词shouldwould have过去分词完成进行havehas been现在分现在分词词had been现在分词shall/will havebeen现在分词should/would havebeen现在分词1.一般现在时：构成：动词原形;动词的第三人称单数时间标志词：often，always，usually，sometimes，every day/week/month/,once a week,from time to time等。（1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。I usually get up at seven oclock.我通常7点钟起床。S
3、he goes to the cinema once a month.她一个月去看一次电影。Tom at least twice a week in the gym.A.exercises B.exercisedC.has exercised D.will exercise1.一般现在时：（2）表示格言、客观事实或普遍真理。The nearest star to the earth is the sun.离地球最近的恒星是太阳。He learned in class that water boils at 100.他在课堂上学到水在100摄氏度沸腾。注意：宾语从句的时态一般要和主句的时态保持一
4、致，但当宾语从句是表示客观事实、自然规律等的句子时，其时态可以不受主句时态的限制，用一般现在时。（3）在含有时间或条件状语从句的主从复合句中，若主句用一般将来时（will do），从句常用一般现在时表将来，即遵循“主将从现”的原则。We will get everything ready before you come back（时间状语从句）.我们会在你回来之前把一切准备好。Her father will be glad if she comes to visit him（条件状语从句）.如果她来看望她父亲，他会很高兴。1.一般现在时：I will lend you the book aft
5、er I reading it（时间状语从句）.A.would finish B.will have finishedC.am finishing D.finishfinish doing sth.完成做某事，结束做某事1.一般现在时：（4）表示特征、能力或现在的情况、状态。The film is nearly two hours in length.这部电影长达近两个小时。They study at the same university.他们在同一所大学学习。（5）表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的动作，句中常有一个表示将来的时间状语。常用于这种情况的动词有be，arrive，begin，
6、start，end，come，go，leave，return，stop，open，close等。The show starts in five minutes.演出五分钟后开始。The supermarket closes at 9 pm超市晚上9点关门。2一般过去时构成：动词的过去式标志性时间状语：a moment ago/just now（刚刚），three days ago，the day before yesterday（前天），yesterday，the other day（几天前），last day/year/week（1）表示在过去某个特定时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态
7、。She went shopping yesterday afternoon.她昨天下午去购物了。John was in New York last year.约翰去年在纽约。Tom was very tired last night,so he _ to bed early.A.goes B.is going C.went D.has gone2一般过去时（2）表示在过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。She often traveled alone last year.去年她经常独自旅行。3一般将来时构成：shallwill动词原形（将要做某事）amisare going to
8、动词原形（打算做某事）amisare现在分词（仅限位移动词）标志性时间状语：soon，next weekmonthyear，in（the）future，（the day after）tomorrow，in two daysmonths（in+时间段 .以后）等（1）“shallwill动词原形”一般表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。shall常用于第一人称，will可用于各个人称。We shallwill come back from America in two days.我们将在两天后从美国回来。She will be eighteen next week.下星期她就十八岁了。He _abo
9、ut traffic problems at the meeting tomorrow.A.will talk B.talks C.talked D.shall talk3一般将来时（2）“amisare going to动词原形”表示主观打算做某事或有迹象表明即将发生某事。We are going to have a meeting to discuss the matter this afternoon.今天下午我们将开会讨论这件事。Look at the clouds.Its going to be another storm.看这些云，暴风雨又要来了。（有迹象表明即将发生某事）（3）“
10、amisare现在分词（仅限位移动词）”常表示在不久的将来要做某事，或按计划、安排将要发生某事。常见的这类动词（短语）有join，leave，go，come，start，begin，arrive，stay，take，take off等。现在进行时表将来Jane is coming back to work in five days.简五天后就要回来工作了。3一般将来时“amisare不定式(to do)”常表示按安排、计划、义务、命令或要求必须做的事或即将发生的动作。The president is to visit Asia next Monday.总统将于下周一访问亚洲。“amisare
11、about不定式(to do)（正打算做某事）”表示正要或即将发生的动作，不能与表示将来的时间状语连用。I am about to go shopping when you call me.在“祈使句andor陈述句”结构中，前面的祈使句部分表示条件，而andor后面的句子应用一般将来时(will do)。Prepare in advance，or you will fail the interview.提前准备，否则你将面试失败。4现在进行时构成：am/is/are+现在分词（doing）标志性时间状语：today，now，right now（现在），these days，at presen
12、t（目前，现在），at this/the moment（此刻，现在）等（1）表示现在、目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。Mary is listening to an English song right now.玛丽现在正在听一首英文歌。These days I am translating a book.这些天我在翻译一本书。（2）与always，forever，constantly等副词连用，表达某种感情，如赞许、厌烦、不满、同情等。He is always complaining about his life.他总是在抱怨自己的生活。（带了不满厌烦的感情色彩）He always
13、complains about his life.他总是在抱怨自己的生活。（陈述目前现状，不带感情色彩）进行体基本结构：be动词+现在分词（doing）5过去进行时（过去正在做），一般过去时强调过去做了功能：表示在过去某一时刻，某段时间内或者某个动作发生时正在进行的动作构成：was/were+现在分词（doing）标志性时间状语：at that time（在那时）,at that moment,this time yesterday,the whole morning,“when从句（从句用一般过去时）”等He was playing football this time yesterday.
14、昨天这个时候他正在踢足球。He played football yesterday.The students were reading when she came in.她进来时，学生们正在读书。I _ down the street when you called me.A.walk B.was walking C.walked D.will be walkingSusan had quit her well-paid job and_ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A.is working B
15、.was working C.has worked D.had worked进行体基本结构：be动词+现在分词（doing）Food supplies in the flood-stricken area_.We must act immediately before theres none left.A.have run outB.have been run outC.are running out run out（资源，食物，能源）用完，耗尽，无被动语态形式D.are being run out-Hi,lets go skating.-Sorry,Im busy right now.I_i
16、n an application form 申请表格 for a new job.A.fill B.have filledC.am fillingD.will fillJames has just arrived,but I didnt know he _until yesterday.A.will come B.was coming C.had come D.came6将来进行时功能：表示在将来某一时刻、某段时间内或某个动作发生时正在进行的动作，或按计划在将来某一时刻、某段时间内或某个动作发生时将要进行的动作构成：shallwill be现在分词（doing）将正在做某事标志性时间状语：at
17、 8 a.m.tomorrow，in the next three weeks，this time tomorrownext weeknext year等I shall/will be taking classes at university this time next year.明年的这个时候，我将在大学里上课。The professor will be delivering a speech at 9 a.m.tomorrow.明天上午九点教授将正在发表演讲。deliver/give a speech 发表演讲进行体基本结构：be动词+现在分词（doing）7现在完成时 已经做了某事构成
18、：havehas过去分词（done）标志性时间状语：already（已经，肯定句）,yet（还，也，否定句、疑问句）,just（刚刚）,before,lately（最近）,recently最近,ever（曾经）,never,once,twice,so far,up to now,（迄今为止，目前为止）for时间段，since过去时间点，in/during the past few years（在过去的.年里），in the recent years（近几年），since+从句（时态为一般过去时）等（1）表示已经做完某事，强调过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果，着眼点在现在，He c
19、ant go on holiday now，because he has broken his leg.他现在不能去度假，因为他的腿摔断了。I have never taken a high-speed train before.我之前从来没有坐过高铁。He is hesitant about going abroad and he_ his mind yet.A.didnt make up B.wasnt making up C.hasnt made up D.wont make upmake up ones mind to do sth.下定决定做某事just now 刚刚，一般过去时（2
20、）表示过去的某一动作或行为一直持续到现在，而且还有可能延续下去，7现在完成时I have worked in this company since last year.自去年以来，我一直在这家公司工作。Mike has written his girlfriend one hundred love letters since they met.自他们相识以来，迈克已经给他的女朋友写了一百封情书。“It ishas been一段时间since从句（一般过去时）”表示“自从有多久”，since引导的从句不能用否定形式，且时态常用一般过去时。从句中的谓语动词若为短暂性动词，表示动作已开始多长时间了；
21、从句中的谓语动词若为延续性动词，表示动作已结束多长时间了。It has been three years since we last met.自从我们上次见面已经有三年了。It is five years since he was in the army.自从他离开陆军已经有五年了。7现在完成时7现在完成时Chinas high-speed railways_from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A.are growing B.have grown C.will grow D.had grownHe_Beijing twic
22、e.A.has gone to+地点 去了某地（未回）B.has been to+地点 去过某地（几次）（已回）C.has been in+地点+for+时间段 在某地待了多久D.has gone8过去完成时：已经做了 过去的过去I had read more than 100 comic books by the end of last year.到去年年底为止，我已经看了100多本漫画书。The plane had taken off before we arrived at the airport.在我们到达机场之前，飞机已经起飞了。The baby _ asleep when he w
23、alked into the room.A.had fallen B.has fallenC.fell D.will have fallen（1）no soonerthanhardlywhenscarcelywhen（刚就，一.就.）引导时间状语从句时，从句常用一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时。I had hardly opened the door when I hit him.我刚打开门就撞到了他。（2）在“It was一段时间since从句”中，从句应用过去完成时，且从句中的谓语动词一般为短暂性动词。It was two months since she had quit.她辞职已经两个月
24、了。8过去完成时8过去完成时表示“这那是第几次”的句型辨析如下：This/That/It+is+the+序数词+time+(that)从句，从句用现在完成时This/That/It+was+the+序数词+time+(that)从句，从句用过去完成时It is the fifth time（that）someone has knocked at my door.这是第五次有人敲我的门了。That was the second time（that）she had visited London.那是她第二次游览伦敦了。A rescue worker risked his life saving t
25、wo tourists who _（过去的过去）in the mountains for two days定语从句.A.are trappingB.have been trappedC.were trappingD.had been trappedJust as I got to the school gate,I realized I_ my book in the cafe.A.have leftB.had leftC.would leaveD.was leaving9将来完成时：will have done 将已经做了.（1）表示在将来某时之前或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作，By thi
26、s time tomorrow you will have got the answer.到明天这个时候你将已经得到答案了。（2）表示持续到将来某时之前或某动作发生之前的动作By next Monday,the man will have worked in this company for twenty years.到下周一，这个人将已在这家公司工作二十年了。9将来完成时by the time 引导时间状语从句的用法从句时态主句时态用法一般过去时过去完成时表示“截止到从句动作（表示过去）发生时，主句动作已经完成”或“主句动作持续到从句动作（表示过去）发生之前”一般现在时（表示将来）将来完成时
27、表示“截止到从句动作（表示将来）发生时，主句动作将已经完成”或“主句动作持续到从句动作（表示将来）发生之前”By the time he got to the company,the boss had already arrived.他到公司的时候，老板已经到了。By the time you get back,I will have started work.到你回来的时候，我将已经开始工作了。10现在完成进行时功能：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，也可能还要继续进行下去，强调动作的持续性；还可表示重复性的动作构成：have/has been+现在分词标志性
28、时间状语：all this time,this week/month,all morning,recently,for+一段时间,since+过去时间点,since+从句（一般过去时）I have been thinking about changing my job recently.我最近一直在考虑换工作。He is so tired,he _ all day.A.has been working B.has workedC.was working D.worked11过去将来时功能：表示在过去某时看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态构成：should/would+动词原形标志性时间状语：nex
29、t day/week/month,some day等。Lily said she would go on a business trip next week.莉莉说她下周要出差。It was four oclock.Soon the sun would come up.那时是四点钟。很快太阳就要出来了。“waswere going to动词原形”“waswere现在分词（仅限位移动词）”“waswere不定式”“waswere about不定式”等也可以表示在过去某时看来将要发生的动作。He told me that he was going to sell his old car.他告诉我他
30、打算把旧车卖掉。宾语从句时态：主过从必过（主句为过去时，从句也要用过去的相关时态）英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，此时主语和谓语动词在逻辑上是主谓关系，如“They built these houses.”。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，此时主语和谓语动词在逻辑上是动宾关系，如“These houses were built by them.”。主动语态变被动语态的一般步骤：把主动语态中的宾语提到前面，作被动语态中的主语；把谓语变成被动结构；把主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。主动语态：The government built this bridge
31、 last year.被动语态：This bridge was built by the government last year.1被动语态的用法（1）当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者，或要强调、突出动作的承受者时。Paper is made from wood.纸是由木材制成的。Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away.不准带走阅览室的书籍和报纸。（2）常用的两种被动句型。It is/was said/supposed/reported/believed/expected.+that.sb.sth.be 动
32、词saidsupposedreportedbelievedexpected.to do.It is reported that the cost of living has been rising.据报道，生活费用一直在上升。The vases are believed to be priceless.那些花瓶被认为是无价的。2常用的九种时态的被动语态被动语态的基本构成：be动词及物动词的过去分词。被动语态有时态、人称和数的变化，这种变化体现在be动词上。常用被动语态常用被动语态构成构成常用被动语态常用被动语态构成构成一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态amisare过去分词过去分词现在完
33、成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态havehas been过去分词过去分词一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态waswere过去分词过去分词过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态had been过去分词过去分词一般将来时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态shallwill be过去分词过去分词将来完成时的被动语态将来完成时的被动语态shallwill have been过去分词过去分词现在进行时的被动语态现在进行时的被动语态amisare being过去分词过去分词过去将来时的被动语态过去将来时的被动语态shouldwould be过去分词过去分词过去进行时的被动语态过去进行时的被动语态wa
34、swere being过去分词过去分词-含有情态动词的被动语含有情态动词的被动语态态情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词Teenagers should be allowed to make decisions alone.（1）一般现在时的被动语态：主语amisare过去分词。This proessor is much respected by被 all her students.这位教授深受她所有学生的尊敬。（2）一般过去时的被动语态：主语waswere过去分词。The train station was built in 1928这个火车站建于1928年。（3）一般将来时的被动语态：
35、主语shallwill be过去分词。You will be fined if you smoke here.你如果在这里吸烟，会被罚款。（4）现在进行时的被动语态：主语amisare being过去分词。A new factory is being built in our city now.现在我们的城市正在建造一家新工厂。（5）过去进行时的被动语态：主语waswere being过去分词。The teaching plan was being discussed at that time.那时正在讨论这个教学计划。（6）现在完成时的被动语态：主语havehas been过去分词。Such
36、 a thing has never been heard of.这样的事前所未闻。（7）过去完成时的被动语态：主语had been过去分词。Her homework had been finished before I got home.她的家庭作业在我到家之前就已经完成了。被动语态的基本构成：be动词及物动词的过去分词。（8）将来完成时的被动语态：主语shallwill have been过去分词。Many expressways will have been completed by the end of next year.到明年年底将建成很多条高速公路。（9）过去将来时的被动语态：主
37、语shouldwould be过去分词。He promised that the matter would be taken care of.他保证这件事将会得到处理。3主动表被动的情况（1）某些表示主语品质或特性的动词，如read，write，draw，wash，clean，bake，burn，open，lock，cut，shut，sell，wear，move等，常与well，easily，smoothly等副词连用，用主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是“物”。此时这些动词用作不及物动词。The cloth washes well.这种布料好洗。This kind of cheese cuts
38、 easily.这种奶酪很容易切。（2）一些连系动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义，如feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove等，主语通常是“物”。The sofa feels soft.这张沙发感觉很柔软。Your idea sounds great.你的想法听起来很棒。4不能用于被动语态的情况不能用于被动语态的情况示例不及物动词（短语）appear，die，rise，happen（发生），occur，lie（躺，位于），remain，come true，break out，take place等表示“静态”的动词（短语）last，benefit
39、，dislike，join，mean，have（有），possess，lack，cost，equal，become，suffer，look like，consist of，belong to，feel like等Frosts often occur in November11月份经常出现霜冻。The handwriting belongs to a man.这笔迹出自一名男子之手。1.Huazhao Festival_(say)to be celebrated as the birthday of the flower goddess in every second month on the
40、Chinese lunar calendar.2.The emblem,which represents Chengdu,_(choose)as the symbol of China Cultural Heritage by National Cultural Heritage Administration in 2005.3.This company began to explore live-streaming business last December when it _ (launch)its live-streaming room on an e-commerce platfor
41、m,mainly to sell agricultural products.4.The students have been working hard on their lessons and webelieve their efforts_(reward)with success in the end.5.The old stone bridge,which_(date)from the Qing Dynasty,is still in use today.is saidwas chosenlaunchedwill be rewardeddates6.Professor Brown is
42、here.I _(talk)to you about more details of the new movie after class.7People joked that the last time so many people showed up in the city_（be）during the Siege（围攻）of Qi，a famous battle in the area in 284 BC8.During last May Day holiday,numerous messages of people looking for dasi,or activity partner
43、s for traveling,_(post)on the social media platform.9.Today,sentences from Confucianism_(hear)frequently in speeches or talks given by famous foreign people.10.Written Chinese dates from the use of animals hones and shells on which symbols_(carve)by ancient Chinese people.will talkwaswere postedare
44、heardwere carved11.Two days before Christmas,I_(shop)in a local grocery store when I noticed a little boy admiring a toy car.12.This time next week I_(lie)on the beach,enjoying the sunshine.13.The parents _(make)changes to their previous education methods these days because they begin to be aware of
45、 the negative effects of those methods.14.Two knives were recovered at the scene and a property i the Cheetham Hill area_ (search)currently.15.I took scores of pictures while I_(tour)Tongli,which I hope may inspire travelers to add this pretty water town to their trips.was shoppingwill be lyingare m
46、akingis being searchedwas touring16.By the time they found the statue,they_(dig)4,500 square meters.17.So far,a total of 90 films and TV series from 7,024 submissions by artists of 104 countries and regions like the U.S.,India and Iran_(select)for the next stage.18.As a general nile,by the age of 50
47、,half of our hair _(go)gray.19.In recent years,reports of dogs biting people_(be)an increase in China.20.Some restaurants in China_(provide)public chopsticks and spoons for decades,but not everyone chooses to use them.had dughave been selectedwill have gonehave beenhave provided/have been providing21.Mr.Smith_(overwork)these days.I think he should take a holiday before he is burned out.22.Its the third time that China_(host)the Asian multi-sports event.has been overworkinghas hosted
