1、volcanoerupt n.(pl.-oes or-os)火山火山vi.&vt.(火山火山)爆发爆发;(岩浆、烟等岩浆、烟等)喷出喷出 typhoonn.台风台风hurricanen.(尤指西大西洋的）尤指西大西洋的）飓风飓风supplyn.供应供应（量）（量）；补给；补给；pl.补给品补给品 vt.供应；供给供应；供给in the open airsurvive露天；在户外露天；在户外vi.生存；存活生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过幸存；艰难度过The boy Tom is reading.is Tom.who在复合句中，主句中的名词和代词可以由从句来修饰。这在复合句中，主句中的名词和代词可
2、以由从句来修饰。这种用来修饰主句中的名词和代词的从句就叫做种用来修饰主句中的名词和代词的从句就叫做定语从句定语从句。定语从句定语从句antecedent 先行词先行词修饰修饰relative pronoun关系代词关系代词关系代词在定语从句中可关系代词在定语从句中可充当一定的句子成分充当一定的句子成分。Can you find and underline the restrictive relative clauses on page 50?Can we use just one sentence to express the same meaning?1.There were deep cr
3、acks that appeared in the well walls.2.Eleven kilometres directly below the city,one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun,a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.3.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.4.The number of p
4、eople who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.5.Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.6.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.1.There were deep cracks _ appeare
5、d in the well walls.2.Eleven kilometres directly below the city,one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun,a quake _ even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.3.Two thirds of the people _ lived there were dead or injured.4.The number of people _ were killed or
6、 badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.5.Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those _ were trapped and to bury the dead.6.Workers built shelters for survivors _ homes had been destroyed.thatthatwhowhowho whosego Ready?Focus onFocus on基本含义和用法基本含义和用法 关
7、系代词关系代词 用法用法1.The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma can not forget.2.The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.3.The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.4.Mr Li is an architect w
8、hose designs for the new town have won praise.5.A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.常见的关系代词有常见的关系代词有_,_,_,_,_,_,_ 和和_，常在从句中充当，常在从句中充当_,_,_和和_。thatwhowhichwhosewhom主语主语宾语宾语定语定语宾语宾语主语主语主语主语定语定语宾语宾语P52 1Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the
9、sentences below.(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2)He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.(3)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.(4)The film(which)they went to see last night was not interesting at all.1.which指指物物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作作宾语宾语时常可时常可省略省
10、略。关系代词的用法关系代词的用法(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)A person who steals things is called a thief.(3)Thats the girl(who)I teach.2.who指指人人，作主语或宾语，作主语或宾语(作作宾语可省略宾语可省略）。）。(1)The man(whom/who)I talked to is Mr.Li.(2)The man to whom I talked is Mr.Li.3.whom指指人人，作宾语，作宾语(作宾语可省略，若作宾语可省
11、略，若介词介词提前则不能省提前则不能省)who和和whom都用于指代人，都用于指代人，who往往往往可以代替可以代替whom在从句中担任在从句中担任宾语宾语，但前面有介词时，但前面有介词时必须用必须用whom，即即“介词介词+whom”。(1)Where is the man(that/whom)I saw this morning?(2)The person(that/whom)you introduced to me is very kind.(3)The season that/which comes after spring is summer.(4)Yesterday I recei
12、ved a letter that/which came from Australia.4.that指指人人时，相当于时，相当于who或或whom；指；指物物时，相当时，相当于于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语宾语时时常可常可省略省略。(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I talked with the man whose house was destroyed in the flood.(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be re
13、paired.(4)Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?5.whose在定语从句中作在定语从句中作定语定语，与后面的名词为所属，与后面的名词为所属关系。关系。whose既既可指人，也可指物可指人，也可指物。1.that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般列情况下，一般用用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something that you can borrow.我肯定她有你可以借的东西。我肯定她有你可以借的东西。Do you have anyth
14、ing that you dont understand?你有什么不明白的吗？你有什么不明白的吗？（1）先行词为）先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词等不定代词 This is the first book(that)he has read.这是他读的第一本书。这是他读的第一本书。This is the best film(that)I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。这是我看过的最好的电影。（2）先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词被序数词或最高级修饰（3）先行词既有人又有物）先行词既有
15、人又有物 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered.他们谈论他们记得的人和事。他们谈论他们记得的人和事。Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.你看那人和他的驴，正走在街上。你看那人和他的驴，正走在街上。（4）先行词被）先行词被 all,every,no,some,any,little,much,the only,the very,the last,just,right等修饰等修饰。Ive read all the books t
16、hat are written by him.他写的书我都读过了。他写的书我都读过了。This is the very book that belongs to him.这正是他的书。这正是他的书。（5）先行词是）先行词是who或或which引导的主句中。引导的主句中。Who is the girl that drove the car?开车的女孩是谁？开车的女孩是谁？Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?哪件哪件T T恤衫最适合我？恤衫最适合我？当先行词是当先行词是one,ones,anybody,anyone,all,none等不定代词等不定代词和和
17、those时时 Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.那些想去看电影的人那些想去看电影的人将不得不将不得不在学校门口在学校门口等候等候。Anyone who breaks the laws should be punished.任何违反法律的人都应该受到惩罚。任何违反法律的人都应该受到惩罚。Ive told all who will attend the meeting.我已经通知所有与会人员。我已经通知所有与会人员。2.that和和who在指人的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下
18、列情况在指人的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般下，一般用用who而不用而不用that。当先行词当先行词有较长后置定语有较长后置定语时时I met a girl in blue yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province.一个句子中带有两个定语从句时，其中一个句子中带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语一个定语从句的关系代词是从句的关系代词是that，另一个用，另一个用who。The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.在在there
19、be句型中句型中There is a young man who wants to see your father.1.Here are some of the people _ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.2.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _ were asleep.3.The next day,people put up shelters in the open air using anything _ they could find.4.Several d
20、ays later,most of the buildings _ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.5.The injured boy _ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.6.The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _ she was rescued.7.Is this the young boy _ saved several other students trapped unde
21、r buildings?whosewhothat OR/that/which1.Complete each sentence with that,which,who,whose,whom or“/”.whosewhomwho/that有些人的家园被台风摧毁了。有些人的家园被台风摧毁了。建筑物可怕的摇晃把人们从睡梦中惊醒。建筑物可怕的摇晃把人们从睡梦中惊醒。第二天，人们用能找到的一切物品在空地上搭建起避难所。第二天，人们用能找到的一切物品在空地上搭建起避难所。几天以后，大多数被飓风破坏的建筑物得到了修缮。几天以后，大多数被飓风破坏的建筑物得到了修缮。那个在灾难中失去了母亲的受伤男孩被送去了医院。
22、那个在灾难中失去了母亲的受伤男孩被送去了医院。这位女士给营救她的战士写了一封感谢信。这位女士给营救她的战士写了一封感谢信。这就是那个从楼里救出了好几位被困同学的男孩吗？这就是那个从楼里救出了好几位被困同学的男孩吗？Then translate the sentences into Chinese.P52 2EXAMPLEA:Whats the rescue worker doing?B:Shes feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.2.Work with a partner.Take turns to ask each other abou
23、t the pictures.Make sentences with restrictive relative clauses using that,which,who,whose,or whom.P52 3Suggested Answers:1.A:Who is the woman who/that is holding the baby?B:Shes a rescue worker.A:Where is the woman who/that is the babys mother?B:Maybe shes injured and in the hospital.2.A:Who are th
24、e people whose tent is being fixed?B:The people whose city was destroyed by the earthquake.3.A:Why is this dog part of the rescue team?B:The dog,whose job is to search people who are buried in the ruins,has an incredible sense of smell and hearing for finding people in the ruins.指代内容指代内容所做成分所做成分是否可省
25、略是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系代词的用法关系代词的用法人；物人；物物物人人人人(人人/物物)的的主语主语,宾语宾语主语主语,宾语宾语主语主语,宾语宾语宾语宾语定语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省可省不可省不可省用法用法1.先行词为先行词为all，everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much等不定代词等不定代词2.先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或最高级最高级修饰修饰3.先行词先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物4.先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little
26、,much,the only,the very,the last,just,right等修饰等修饰5.先行词是先行词是who或或which引导的主句中引导的主句中4.在在there be 句型中句型中一般一般用用that而而不用不用which一般一般用用who不用不用that1.当先行词是当先行词是one,ones,anybody,anyone,all,none和和those时时2.当先行词当先行词有较长后置定语有较长后置定语时时3.一个句子中带有一个句子中带有两个定语从句两个定语从句时，其中时，其中一个定语从句一个定语从句的关的关系代词是系代词是that，另一个用另一个用who。1.The
27、Giant Panda National Park(GPNP)is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _ live with the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.（2022年全国新高考年全国新高考I卷语言运用第二节）卷语言运用第二节）that解析：解析：空处引导定语从句，先行词是空处引导定语从句，先行词是“all the species”,指物，关系词指物，关系词在从句中
28、作在从句中作主语主语，且，且先行词被先行词被all修饰修饰，此处，此处只能用只能用that，不能用，不能用which。故填。故填that。用适当的关系词填空。用适当的关系词填空。2.Kim Cobb,a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta,is one of a small but growing minority of academics _ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.（2022年年1月月浙江卷浙江卷语言运用第
29、二节）语言运用第二节）who/that解析：解析：空处引导定语从句，空处引导定语从句，先行词是先行词是“academics”,指人，指人，关系词在从句中作关系词在从句中作主语主语，应用，应用who或或that引导该从句。故填引导该从句。故填who/that。用适当的关系词填空。用适当的关系词填空。3.I decided to do something to educate people about this problem.I held presentations at school to teach kids about plastic waste.I wanted to reach bus
30、inesses too.I decided that if I learned of a company _ used a lot of plastic,Id send it an email urging it to cut back.（2021年年全国新高考全国新高考卷卷语言运用第二节）语言运用第二节）that/which解析：解析：空处引导定语从句，空处引导定语从句，先行词是先行词是“a company”,指物，指物，关系词在从句中作关系词在从句中作主语主语，应用，应用that或或which引导该从句。故填引导该从句。故填that/which。用适当的关系词填空。用适当的关系词填空。4.
31、Moreover,fully consider each option.It can be easy to let a particular school become a front-runner early on in your decision-making process.,but be sure to carefully evaluate every school _ has accepted you,since you had particular reasons for applying to each school.（2021年八省联考语言运用第二节）年八省联考语言运用第二节）
32、that解析：解析：空处引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作空处引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语主语，从句修饰先行词，从句修饰先行词school；当；当先行词前有先行词前有all,every,any 等不定代词修饰等不定代词修饰时，关系代词用时，关系代词用that。用适当的关系词填空。用适当的关系词填空。5.BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool_ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.(2021年年1月浙江卷语言运用第二节）月浙江卷语言运用第二节）t
33、hat/which解析：解析：空处引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作空处引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语主语，而，而先行词先行词tool为物为物，故此处要填关系代词，故此处要填关系代词that或或which。6.When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America,the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.Unfortunately,it took the explorers and the settlers _
34、 followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.(2021新高考新高考卷卷阅读理解阅读理解C篇篇)who解析：解析：空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词先行词the explorers and the settlers，并在定语从句中作，并在定语从句中作主语主语，故填，故填who。7.In ancient China lived an artist _ paintings were almost lifelike.(2020全国卷全国卷III语言运用第二节语言运用第二节)
35、whose解析：解析：空处引导定语从句，修饰空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词先行词an artist。将先行词将先行词代入从句后为：代入从句后为：The artists paintings were almost lifelike.由此可知引导词在定语从句中作由此可知引导词在定语从句中作定语定语，故填关系代词，故填关系代词whose。I.I.用适当的关系词填空。用适当的关系词填空。1.The typhoon _ hit the town last weekend has caused a lot of damage.2.The reporter _ is interviewing the scie
36、ntist comes from Shandong.3.Dont get too close to the house _ walls are under repair.4.Mary is such a girl with _ you can talk freely.5.It is the best book _ I have ever read.6.The old man is always ready to do anything _ is good for the community.which/thatwho/thatwhosewhomthatthat.将下列句子合并为含定语从句的复合
37、句。将下列句子合并为含定语从句的复合句。1.They rushed over to help the man.His car had broken down._ _2.All the stories are very interesting.The stories have been handed down for generations._ _They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.All the stories that have been handed down for generations are very
38、 interesting.3.William is a high school student.The headmaster praised William yesterday._ _4.Science should be a useful tool.We can improve our society through the tool._ _5.The room is being prepared for a professor.The professor will give a speech to us tomorrow._ _William is the high school stud
39、ent that/whom/who the headmaster praised yesterday.Science should be a useful tool through which we can improve our society.The room is being prepared for the professor who/that will give a speech to us tomorrow.Can you describe pictures of disasters using the restrictive relative clauses with that,which,who,whose,whom or/?1.Finish the exercises in Using Structures on pages 90-91.2.Preview Listening and Talking part on page 53.
