1、 虚拟语气第二节具体考点解析【考点一、虚拟语气在条件句中的使用】1）条件句的从句和主句的谓语动词形式表及几点说明条件句的从句和主句的谓语动词形式表如果假设的情况与事实相反，或是根本不可能发生或是发生的可能性很小，这就是非真实条件句，即虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句的谓语动词的形式是不同于真实条件句的谓语动词形式的。虚拟条件句有三种情况。虚拟条件句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式 （be动词用were）主语+should, would, could, might+动词原形If I had enough money, I would buy the house.与过去事实相反的假设If
2、 + 主语+ had +过去分词主语+should, would, could, might+ have+过去分词If you had listened to me yesterday, you would have finished the work.与将来事实相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式If +主语+were to +动词原形If + 主语+should+动词原形主语+should, would, could, might+动词原形If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.特殊结构的条件句：“If
3、 it were not for”或“If it had not been for”, 前者与现在事实相反，后者与过去事实相反。相当于but for或without。例如：If it werent for your help，he could never go to collegeIf it hadnt been for the captains efforts, the ship could have sunken. 虚拟条件句的谓语动词形式表的灵活应用 A 用进行时替换相应的一般时: 如用过去进行时代替一般过去时，表示与现在事实相反。例如：If you were learning to s
4、wim, I would take you to watch the match. If we were getting along well with Jack, we should invite him to join us. B用完成进行时替换相应的完成时: 如用过去完成进行时替换过去完成时，仍表示与过去事实相反。例如：If it had been raining yesterday，I would not have come hereIf you had been listening more attentively, you would not have missed so much
5、 information. 混合型的条件句按照条件句的谓语动词形式表，其主句和从句的谓语动词是相互呼应的，有着固定的搭配关系。但有时主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。例如：He would pass the test if he had taken my advice If we had driven in turns yesterday, you would feel better now. 2）虚拟条件句的省略情况 省略if的虚拟条件句：如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和s
6、hould时，可省略if，把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去。例如：Had you not helped me，I should have failed. Had it not been for the timely rain, we would have lost everything. Were it to rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the game. Should they refuse our request, we could show them this picture. 如果没有were，had和should则
7、不能省略if，当然也不能倒装。 条件从句的省略He could not fly（if he tried）If only I had more money！If only I were a bird! suppose 或 supposing =what ifSupposing it were so？（=Supposing it were so，what would happen？）suppose后也可用陈述语气。3）含蓄的虚拟语气But for air and water，nothing could liveHuman beings could perish without the other
8、forms of lives. She would have come here，but she was too busy with her homeworkYou could have passed the test, but you knew too little. 【考点二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用】 1）宾语从句在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，可用“should do”或“do型”（be原形动词）虚拟语气。这类动词有：suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，command，ma
9、intain，ask，object 等。例如：The doctor suggested that he not go thereThe villagers demanded that their fields should be returned. The doctor insisted that the old teacher should live in hospital. The officer ordered that all the soldiers shouldnt fire before he gave the order. 2）宾语从句用在动词wish之后 I wish it
10、were trueI wish I could live on the moon one day. I wish you had called yesterdayI wish you had done the work yourself. I wish we had treated the children better. 3） 宾语从句在动词would，wouldhad rather，+did/ had done Id rather we didnt know each other. Id rather I hadnt given her the money yesterday. 【考点三、
11、虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用】 1）“It +is +形容词+that引导的主语从句”句型用于本句型的形容词有：necessary，important，surprising, shocking, natural, essential，reserved，urgent，impossible 等；It is necessary that he listen to the radio frequentlyIt is surprising that he should marry again soon after his ex-wife died. It is impossible that they s
12、hould feel uncomfortable to live with us. 2）用于“it + is +过去分词+that引导的主语从句”句型，用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议、要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如suggested，required，requested，demanded，urged，proposed，ordered，desired，advised等。It has been suggested that the meeting（should）be put off It is required that you should wear proper suits to take
13、 part in the party. It is desired that the prices of houses should be stopped from increasing. It is proposed that we should pay a visit to the Confucius Temple. 【考点四、虚拟语气在“It is time that ”句型中的应用】 Its time you went to bed.It is about time that I went and picked up my little son from school. It is h
14、igh time that you got down to writing your papers. It is time that that we talked about our business. 配套练习一1. I would buy that car，if I _ enough money. A. have B. had C. will have D. had had 2. Ford might have come to school in time for Professor Smiths lecture, _ . A. if he got up earlier B. unless
15、 he had got up earlier C. but he got up rather late D. but he had got up so late 3. _ their help in the past years, he would be living a hard life and might even have starve to death. A. With B. If it were not for C. If it had not been for D. If not 4. If it had not rained yesterday, the ground _ mu
16、ddy now. A. is not B. will not be C. would not be D. would not have been5. You _ any difficulty now, if you had made a more careful plan. A. wont meet with B. would not meet with C. would not have met with D. have not met with 6. He did his best in everything, _ he would not have been what he was. A
17、. and B. but C. otherwise D. but that 7. -What would you wish to do if you were to be a college student again? -Thats very hard to say, but I wish I _ biology when I was a college student. A. had studied B. studied C. study D. have studied 8. -You should have gone to the show with us yeaterday. Its
18、very good. -I wished I _ , but I was busy with my report. A. had B. did C. would have D. were 9. Mr Johnson said angrily, “Dont order me about, as if I _ your wife. Im not. We are both the bosss men. ”A. were B. am C. would be D. had been 10. _ the thick fence, he would have been more fearful. A. Bu
19、t for B. Without C. If it were not for D. both A and B 11. He talked as if he _ to Beijing, but I knew he hadnt. A. went B. were C. had been D. would have been 12. -Would you have told him the awswer, if possible? -Yes, I would have, but I _ very busy. A. had been B. were C. was D. would be 13. If h
20、e _ in England, what language could he probably speak now?A. were born B. had been born C. would have been born D. was born14. If we _ Stevens advice, we would not be lost in the forest. A. took B. had taken C. have taken D. would take15. If the govenment had built more houses for the homeless peopl
21、e after the earth quake, the housing problems now in some parts of the city _ so serious now. A. wouldnt be B. will not have been C. wouldnt have been D. would have not been 16. What a heavy rain it is! If we _ the rain coat, we wouldnt _ in the rain. A. had put on, be walking B. put on, walkC. put
22、on, be walking D. should put on, walk 17. -Why is the window broken? -If I _ care, it _ . A. took, wouldnt happen B. had taken, wouldnt have happened C. took, wouldnt have happened D. had taken, wouldnt happen 18. -Do you think the thief entered through the side door? -No, if he had, he _ the living
23、 room window. A. would break B. would have broken C. wouldnt break D. wouldnt have broken 19. I _ one of Toms paintings, but if I had, he would have given it to me. A. wanted B. want C. didnt want D. dont want 20. Ive forgotten his telephone number. If I _ it down, I _ you now. A. put, would have to
24、ld B. put, would tell C. had put, would have told D. had put, would tell 二1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier. A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be2. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules A. obeys B. obey C. will obeyD. would obey3.
25、 -“The experiment had failed!”-“I suggest you _ again.” A. try B trying C. will try D. would try4. -“He is a very brave man. ”-“Yes. I wish I _ his courage.” A. have B. had C. will haveD. would have5. If she had worked harder, she _ . A. would succeedB. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have
26、succeeded6. The plant is dead. I _ it more water. A. will giveB. would have given C. must giveD. should have given7. I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seenB. did see C. had seen D. were to see8. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would pr
27、eventC. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented9. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have given B. might giveC. may have given D. may give10. Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be11. If it _ for the sn
28、ow, we _ the mountain yesterday.A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climbC. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb12. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B. might studyC. should have studied D. would study13. - If he _ , he
29、_ that food.- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken14. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _ , she would have met my brother. A. has
30、comeB. did come C. came D. had come15. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _ . A. breaksB. has broken C. were brokenD. had been broken16. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt get D. had d
31、riven; wouldnt have got17. _ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. A. IfB. SinceC. ThoughD. When一1-5 BCCCB 6-10 CAAAD 11-15 CCBBA 16-20 ABDCD二 参考答案 15DBABD 610DCAA/CD 1115CCBDC 16-17DA 虚实结合 独领风骚-虚拟语气在写作中的应用(一)虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的运用if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/
32、could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词与将来事实相反should+动词原形were to do动词should/would/could/might+动词原形典句引领If I had taken his advice,I wouldnt have missed such a good opportunity.I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to understand them better.雕词琢句(1)句型升级:
33、用虚拟语气升级下面的句子I am not in Beijing now,or I will accompany you to the bookstore. If_.(2)If I had formed a good habit of reciting something, I could have made greater progress in English (我就能够在英语方面取得更大的进步了).(3)一句多译:如果你能帮助我的话,我将非常感激。 I would appreciate it if you could help me.(appreciate it) I would be v
34、ery grateful if you could help me.(be grateful)(二)含蓄虚拟语气的运用有时假设的情况并不通过条件从句表示出来,而是通过上下文或一些词或短语等表示出来。常用的有without,but for和otherwise等。典句引领But for their help,I couldnt have got in touch with Professor Smith last week.雕词琢句(1)Without them,people_(就不能享受和谐) or the country would be in chaos.(2)They helped me
35、yesterday.Otherwise _(我就不能按时完成任务).(三)虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用1.用于wish或would rather后的宾语从句中对现在情况的虚拟wish/would rather+主语+动词过去式(be动词用were)对过去情况的虚拟 wish/would rather+主语+had+过去分词对将来情况的虚拟wish+主语+would/could+动词原形或would rather+主语+动词过去式(be动词用were)典句引领Actually,_!事实上,我多么希望自己在课上能提出问题呀!I would rather_.我宁愿上个月你来这儿和我共度假期了。雕词琢
36、句I wish (1)_ (我没有错过出国学习的机会) last year;I wish(2) _ (我在美国学习) now;I wish(3) _(我能够在美国找一份好工作) after graduation next year. (4)我宁愿明天去北京。I would rather_tomorrow.2.使用“should+动词原形”结构的虚拟语气典句引领My teacher suggests that _.老师建议我们(应该)学会冷静、明智地处理冲突。雕词琢句(1)In order to settle the tough problem,I recommend that those wh
37、o were caught doing such things _(应该阅读一本鼓舞人心的书)every month and share it with all the other students.(2)一句多译:我建议你和一些中国学生交朋友。词性的转化 I advise that you should make friends with some Chinese students.(advise) My advice is that you should make friends with some Chinese students.(advice)3.在“It is (high) tim
38、e+that从句”中从句要用虚拟语气,谓语动词用过去式或用“should+动词原形”。典句引领Its high time that we made the public_.到了我们让公众意识到节能的重要性的时候了。雕词琢句一句多译:到了我们采取有效措施控制污染的时候了。 Its time for us to take effective measures to control pollution.(Its time for sb. to do.) Its time that we took effective measures to control pollution.(Its time th
39、at.)二、学以致用1.润色文章结合括号中的提示,用虚拟语气完成下面的文章Im Li Hua.Do you still remember me? I studied in your school for six months a couple of years ago.Im very grateful for your help during my study in the U.S. Without your help, (1) _(我的英语就不能提高得 那么快) and (2) _(我也不能那么享受我在那儿的生活).Do you know how everything is going wi
40、th Mr.Smith? I failed to contact him after I left America.Id appreciate it (3) _(如果你能给我他的邮箱地址或电话号码). I remember that you are very interested in Chinese culture.If you were free during this winter holiday,how I wish (4) _(你能在春节期间来中国体验中国文化)!Im sure it will be an unforgettable trip.I would be very happy (5) if you_(如果你接受我的邀请).I am looking forward to hearing from you.
