1、人教版八年级上册英语期末复习语法知识点总结Unit1Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪里度假了？1. go on vacation 度假 (vacation相当于holiday, 但vacation表示长的假期) in the past在过去2. visit museums 参观博物馆go to summer camp去参观夏令营ride bicycles 骑自行车3. most of the time 大多数时间 quite a few 相当多, 不少 enjoyable activities 令人愉快的活动4. 不定代词/副词 something某事, an
2、ything任何事, nothing 没有什么, everything所有事：指物的不定代词。somebody/ someone, anybody/ anyone, nobody/no one, everybody/everyone：指人的不定代词。somewhere某处, anywhere任何地方, nowhere 无处, everywhere到处, 处处：指地点的不定副词。形容词、副词、不定式修饰不定代词/不定副词时, 放其后 Did you meet anyone interesting? 你遇见有趣的人了吗？I have nothing to do today. 我今天没什么事可做。不
3、定代词/不定副词做主语时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数。 Is everybody here? 大家都到齐了吗？something, somebody, someone, somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中, anything, anybody, anyone, anywhere用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。特殊情况要注意: 希望得到肯定回答的疑问句常用some. May I have some paper? 我可以拿些纸吗？表示委婉请求或建议的疑问句常用some.Would you like some bananas / something to drink?some有
4、时用于下面这样的否定句. I dont like some of the films. 这些电影中有几部我不喜欢。I do not like any of the films. 这些电影中我一部也不喜欢。5. enough 足够的(名前形后)be enough to do sth. 足够.I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。 She is not old enough to go to school. 她年龄不够, 不能去上学。6. 双宾语动词 (动词 + 直接宾语 + 间接宾语)：Vt. + sb. + sth. = Vt. + s
5、th. to/for sb.buy sb sth.= buy sth for sb. 给某人买某物 (cook, get, make, draw 等)give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物(tell, hand, pass, give, teach, bring,send, lend, show等)注: 当直接引语为代词时，为避免混淆，只能用v. + 代词 + 相应介词(to / for) + sb. give it to me7. 提建议句型： What/ how about + doing sth.? .怎么样？What/ How about going sh
6、opping? 去购物什么怎么样？Why dont you + do sth.? = Why not + do sth. ? 为什么不.？ Why dont you go shopping?Lets + do sth. 让我们. Lets go shopping. 我们去购物吧。Shall we/ I + do sth.? 我(们)可以做.吗？ Shall we/ I go shopping? 我们可以去购物吗？ 8. try paragliding尝试滑翔伞运动 try doing尝试做某事(试试而已) / try to do努力做某事(付出努力)9. 辨析“到达”： reach (vt.及
7、物动词)/ get (vi.不及物动词) / arrive (vi.) reach + 地点 = get to + 地点 = arrive at + 小地点 / arrive in + 大地点 注意：若他们后面跟地点副词here, there, home等, 则不需要加介词。10. nothing. but. 除.之外; 只有. have nothing to do but do sth. 除了做.外, 无事可做I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long. 我整天除了看电视什么也没干。 11. feel like 感觉./感受到; 摸起来, 后
8、跟宾语从句或名词、动名词。I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉我是一只鸟。 It feels like a stone. 它摸起来像一块石头。feel like doing sth. 想做某事 I feel like eating. 我想吃东西。12. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做.; 乐意做. = have fun doing enjoy oneself 过得愉快 = have fun / have a good time.13. I wonder what life was like here in the past. 我想知道过去这里的生活是什么样的.
9、 (what宾语从句) 14. Still no one seemed to be bored. 仍然没有人感到烦闷。系动词：be是 ; keep/ stay/ remain保持, seem/ appear好像;似乎; smell闻起来/sound听起来/ look看起来/ taste尝起来/ feel感觉; become/ turn/ get/ grow变得，后常接形容词seem to do sth. 似乎.appear to do看起来.keep doing sth. 一直做某事15. ed/ing结尾形容词; 人ed物ingbored (adj), 意为“感到厌倦的/无聊的”, 其主语是
10、人boring(adj), 意为“令人厌倦的/无聊的”, 其主语是物 I got bored with the boring work. 我对这无聊的工作感到厌倦。相似结构词：interested/ tired疲倦的/ excited/ amazed/ surprised interesting/ tiring令人疲倦的/ exciting/ amazing/ surprising16. decidev. 决定decide (not) to do sth. = make a decision (not) to do sth. 决定(不)做某事 decisionn. 决定; 决断力decide
11、on doing sth. 决定做某事17. want to do sth = would like to do = feel like doing sth 想要做某事18. forget/remember to do sth. 忘记/记得去做某事 forget/remember doing sth. 忘记/记得做了某事19. so + adj/adv. + that从句 “如此.以至于.”such + n. + that从句 “如此.以至于.”20. 辨析: Because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below. because
12、of +名词/代词/名短 I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因我不得不搬家。 because +从句 I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。v 语法 一般过去时: 过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态; 过去经常或反复发生的动作标志词: 一段时间 + ago / yesterday/ the day before yesterday前天/ last (week, year, night, month.) / just now刚刚/ 具体过去时间/ this morning / at the age of. / o
13、ne day某一天/ once upon a time很久以前a) 动词过去时变化规则 (规则变化): 直接加ed： work worked look looked play played 以e结尾的单词，直接加d： live lived hope hoped use used 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed： study studiedcarry carriedworry worried 以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加ed： enjoy enjoyedplay played 以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed： stop stopped plan planned b) 不规则变
14、化am, is wasare werego wentdo didhave had come cametake tooksay saideat atesee saw get gotput putsleep sleptgive gavewrite wrote read readbuy boughtsit satrun ranswim swam make madefeel felthear heardgrow grewtell told know knewfind foundbegin beganbring broughtstand stood spend spentcatch caughtteac
15、h taughtbeat beatcut cutBe动词的一般过去时态构成：肯定句：主语+was(were)+其它.Iwaslateyesterday. 昨天我迟到了。否定句：主语+was(were)+not+其它.Wewerentlateyesterday. 我们昨天没迟到。一般疑问句：Was(Were)+主语+其它?Wereyouillyesterday? 你昨天病了吗？Yes,Iwas./ No, I wasnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was(were)+ 主语 + 其它? Whenwereyouborn?你是什么时候出生的？实义动词的一般过去时态构成：肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式
16、 + 其它.Iwenthomeatnineoclockyesterday. 我昨天九点钟回的家。否定句：主语 + didnt+动词原形+其它.Ididntgohomeyesterday. 我昨天没回家。一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它. -Didyougohomeyesterday?-Yes,Idid./ No,Ididnt.Unit2How often do you exercise? 你多久锻炼一次？1. at least至少at most最多stay up熬夜 not.at all一点儿也不;根本不 2. go online = use the Internet 上网 go to
17、 the dentist 去看牙医Here are the results结果如下3. more than two hours = over two hours 超过2小时4. keep healthy = stay healthy = keep in good health 保持健康5. How often do you usually go shopping? 你通常多久购物一次？ Sometimes/Twice a week. Go + 动词- ing：进行某项活动go shopping/去购物/ swimming游泳/ skating溜冰/ skiing滑雪/ fishing钓鱼/ c
18、limbing爬山/ hiking远足 频率副词：always=all the time, usually, often, sometimes=at times , hardly ever, never sometimes有时候 ; sometime 在(将来/过去)某时 ; some times 许多次/倍 ; some time 一段时间hard hardly adv. 几乎不 adj. 硬的; 困难的; 严厉的; 勤奋的a hard choice艰难的选择 hardly ever几乎从不 adv. 努力地; 猛烈地 study/hit hard努力学习/严重打击 how often表示“
19、多久一次”, 是对动作的频率进行提问。其回答通常有： 频率副词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never次数 时间段: once/ twice a week every 时间段: every day (adv.每天) 区分：everyday(adj.每天的; 日常的)注意：表示“一次或两次”时, 一般用once和twice表示。once a month(一个月一次)表示“三次或以上”时, 则用“数词times”结构。five times a year (一年五次) 由how构成的疑问词组的用法多少 howmany + 可数名词
20、复数how many books多少本书howmuch + 不可数名词how much coffee 多少咖啡how much “多少钱” = whats the price of.? Howmucharethosepants? 这些裤子多少钱？ how many times 多少次,其答语表示次数once, twice, three times等 How old.? 询问年龄How old are you? 你多大？ I am five (years old). 我五岁。how long 多久 (时间)常用 for two days, for three hours等回答。 多长(某物的长度
21、)How long is the river?这条河有多长？ Its 10 kms.10公里。 how soon 用来询问过多久, 多久以后, 其答语常用in + 一段时间(in two hours, in three days.)How soon will he come back? 他多久才能回来？ In an hour. 一小时后。free6. “空闲的”Are you free today? 你今天有空吗？ “自由的”You are free to come and go as you please. 你来去自由。 freedom n.自由 “免费的”Admission is free
22、. 免费入场。 full7. “满的; 饱的” be full of. The bottle is full of water. fill v.装满 be filled with.充满. “忙的; 丰富的; 完全的” He had a full life. 他有了一个充实的生活。8. She says its good for my health. 她说那对我的健康有益。 be good for . “对.有好处” Doing exercise is good for our health. 锻炼对我们的健康有益。 be good at sth. “擅长于.”He is good at pla
23、ying football. 他很擅长踢足球。 be good to sb. “对某人好”The old woman is good to us. 那个老妇人对我们很好。 be good to do sth “适合/宜于.”The water is good to drink. 水适合喝。 be good with sb./sth. “与.相处好; 善于应付.” The teacher is good with his students. It is good of sb. to do sth. “某人做某事是.的”It was very good of you to come.你能来真是太好
24、了。9. ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 Teacher asked me to clean the classroom. ask sb. not to do sth.要求某人不要做某事 Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom. ask sb. about sth.询问某人某事 We asked our students about their free time activities. ask sb. for help向某人寻求帮助 You can ask teachers for help. 你可以向老师求助。10. he
25、lp sb. with sth.帮助某人某事They help me with this problem. 他们帮助你解决这个问题。 help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 They help you (to) solve this problem.他们帮你解决这个问题。 n. 惊讶 to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是in surprise 惊讶地 11. surprise be surprised at sth. 对.感到意外 v. 使惊奇、意外be surprised to do sth. 做.感到惊讶 be surprised that +从句 惊讶的是.
26、I was surprised at the news. 这个消息让我感到很惊讶。= I was surprised to hear the news.12. Its + adj + for sb + to do sth (形容事物easy/hard/difficult/interesting/important/impossible) “做.是.”Its + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. (形容人good/kind/ nice/ clever/ foolish/ right)“做某事对某人来说是.”13. cant help/stop doing sth.情不自禁做某
27、事cant help to do sth.不能帮忙做某事14. be afraid to do sth/of doing sth. 害怕.use sth to do sth.用.做. be used for sth. 被用作.15. the best way to do做某事的最好方式the first . to do sth. 第一个做.的16. 基数词 + percent of + C复数, 谓语动词复数；基数词 + percent of + U, 谓语动词单数17. 分数：分子基数词, 分母序数词; 分子大于1, 分母加-s。one-third1/3 two-thirds2/3 (twe
28、nty-fifth 25th)18. “然而, 但是”however 副词, 逗号隔开/ 连词, “不管怎样” but 连词, 不用逗号隔开两个句子19. although conj.“尽管; 虽然”, 表示转折关系, 同义词有though, 不能与but同时使用。 Although theyre neighbors, they dont play together. 尽管他们是邻居, 但是他们不在一起玩。 = Theyre neighbors, but they dont play together. 20. maybe adv. 也许, 大概(Maybe) he (maybe) knows
29、 it. 他也许知道这。 may + v(原形): 可能 He may know it. 他可能知道这。Maybe he is at home.= He maybe is at home.= He may be at home. 21. die v.死亡; 消失 death n.死亡 dead adj.死去的 dying adj.垂死的; 临终的; (植)枯萎的 Old habits die hard. 恶习难改. dying wish 临终遗言22. Most students use it for fun and not for homework. 大多数学生用它是为了娱乐,而不是为了做作
30、业。23. all全,都(3), none没有一个(3), another(+C单/U)另一个, neither两者都不, either两者中任一个other (泛指) adj.其他的; 另外的+Cs/U pron.其他 others (泛指, 2) pron.其他人/事物;另一些the other (特指,两者/类中的, one. the other.) 另一个( +Cs/U)any other (同一范围内除.外的) 其他的 + 单数名词 = any of the other + Cs24. You can spend time with your friends and family a
31、s you play together.spend 度过(时间)spend the weekend with family和家人共度周末 花费(时间、钱)He spent 20 yuan (in) buying the magazine. 他花了20元买这本杂志。 同义句：He spent 20 yuan on the magazine. 他在该杂志上花了20元钱。 He paid 20 yuan for the magazine. 他花了20元的钱买这本杂志。 It took him 20 yuan to buy the magazine.(动词用不定式) 买这本杂志花了他20元。辨析：表示
32、“花费”spend、take、cost和pay词语主语结构spend人sb. spend 时间或金钱 (in) doing sth. / on sth.takeit作形式主语, 指物It takes sb. some time to do sth.(真正主语)pay人sb. pay 金钱 for sth. (pay for sb.替某人付钱)cost物sth. cost sb. 金钱 Unit3Im more outgoing than my sister. 我比我妹妹更外向。1. look like看起来像(外貌)be like 像(性格, 外貌) 2. be good at. = do w
33、ell in. 擅长.in fact 事实上; 实际上make friends with sb. 和.交朋友3. .as long as.只要; 既然；像.一样长. as soon as. 一.就. ; 尽快.4. as + adj./adv原级 + as.和.一样 not as . as. 不如.5. be the same as. 与.相同/一致6. be similar to. 与.相似的/类似的 be different from. 与.不同/有差异7. be talented in.在.方面有天赋 = have a talent for. 有.天赋/才能8. win the sing
34、ing competition 赢得歌唱比赛(+比赛项目/奖章等) beat 打败(+人/团队)9. truly care about me 真正地关心我care for喜欢; 照顾/照料 = take care of.10. need to do sth. 需要做.need doing sth. 需要被. = need to be done11. make me laugh 使我发笑make sb. do sth.让某人做某事 (let/have)12. a piece of information 一则消息 (information U /news/ advice/ weather)13.
35、 get better grades取得更好成绩 be less hard-working不太努力14. My best friend helps to brings out the best in me. 我最好的朋友帮我激发出我最好的品质. 使显现; 使表现出The dress brings out the color of her skin. 这条裙子衬出她的肤色。 bring out 生产; 出版 The factory brings out a new kind of car. 这家工厂生产一种新型汽车。 bring out the best/worst in sb. 激发出某人最好
36、/最差的品质 15. I know she cares about me because shes always there to listen (to me). 我知道她关心我, 因为她随时都能够听我倾诉。 n. 小心; 谨慎 Take care! 当心/保重 Cross the road with care. 小心翼翼地过马路。1) care v. 介意; 在乎(= mind) I dont care what happens. 我不在乎发生了什么。 care about 关心; 在意 He doesnt care about anything people say.care for 关心
37、;照顾 = take care of . = look after 喜欢;想要(否/疑定句) Would you care for a cup of coffee?你想喝杯咖啡吗？be there 2) for sb. 随叫随到; 不离左右 Parents are always there for children. 总在孩子身边 to do sth. 随时准备帮助 She is there to work out the problem.帮助解决这个问题16. They both like sports. 他们俩都喜欢运动。 You are both too young. They both
38、 speak English. (both：两个都; 用在实义之前, 其它动词之后)Both of . + 名词复数, 谓语动词复数 Both of the flowers are beautiful. 两朵花都很漂亮。Both.and. 两者都., 谓语动词复数 反义词组：neither.nor.两者都不.注意：all 都(三者或三者以上); either 两者中任一个; every 每个(三者或三者以上) 17. She made me laugh and feel better. 她让我笑了并且感觉好多了。 (laugh at sb. 笑话; 取笑某人) make/let /have s
39、b. do sth.= get sb. to do sth. 使/让某人做某事（使役动词） make + 宾语 + 形容词: 使某人/某事怎样 His words make us happy. 18. Its + 客观形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 对于某人来说,做某事是. (It形式主语, to do sth.真正主语) Its + 内在品质形容词 + of sb. + to do sth. 某人做某事是. (It是形式主语, to do sth.是真正主语) 19. I dont really care if my friends are the same as me
40、 or different.（if：是否，引导宾语从句）我真的不介意是否我的朋友与我一样还是不同。20. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 一个真正的朋友(在你需要帮助的时候)向你伸出手, 触动你的心弦。21. Thats why I like reading books and I study harder in class. 那是我喜欢读书在班上更努力学习的原因v 语法 形容词、副词的比较级一、含义1. 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级 (good better - best)2. 比
41、较级：表示同类事物两者(人或物)之间的比较。3. 变化规则：规则变化：一般直接在形容词后加er。old older high higher以不发音的e结尾的形容词，直接在其后加r。large larger free freer重读闭音节只有一个辅音字母结尾，双写再加er。big bigger thin thinner口诀：一个大热天, 一个胖子和一个瘦子穿着红衣服, 汗湿了, 很伤心。 big hot fat thin red wet sad以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，变y为i再加er。busy busier heavy heavier多音节和部分双音节的词，比较级前加more。more
42、important more difficult more useful少数单音节单词，特别是分词形容词，须在前面加more。pleased more pleased不规则变化：good/well betterbad/badly/ill worsemany/much more little less (最高级least)far farther远 / further进一步二比较级基本句型 连系动词 + adj.(比) Lucy is slower than Lily. 露西比莉莉更慢。1. 主语 + 谓语动词 + adj./adv(比) + than + 对比成分实义动词+ adv./ (比)
43、Lucy runs more slowly than Lily. 露西跑得比莉莉更慢。2. 主语必须与对比成分保持一致：Her hair is longer than yours. (yours = your hair) 同级比较 3. 肯定：. as + adj./adv.(原级) + as. “如同.一样.” 否定：. not as/so + adj./adv.(原级) + as.“不如.一样.”4. 常用句型比较级 and 比较级：“越来越.” They talked more and more loudly. 他们说得越来越大声。The比较级., the比较级.：”越.就越.” The more exercis
