1、2024中考英语试题研究 第二部分 重难题型专练 题型六 完成图表话题一事物介绍(10年8考)Passage 1 (2023成都)1题Maps mark seas, countries, cities and our homes, and guide us through the world. To know them better, lets take a look at how maps have changed over the centuries.Many ancient countries used maps. One of the first is thought to have
2、been drawn on the wall in Lascaux, France, around 16,500 years ago. 2题Hidden among the drawings of birds and bulls(公牛)is a map of the stars.The Babylonian Map of the World is the oldest known earthly map, which shows Babylon and its neighboring towns on the stone.Claudius Ptolemy made maps go global
3、. Born in Egypt around 100 AD, he was the first person to try to make a world map. 3题With the help of math, Ptolemy marked around 10,000 locations from Britain to Asia and Africa.Perhaps the most commonly used world map is the Mercator Projection. It was introduced in 1569 by Gerardus Mercator. An i
4、mportant part of maps is the imaginary lines of longitude, latitude and the equator. Mercator took the globe and made it flat(平的), but to do this he had to make the areas further north and south larger, while the areas nearer the middle stay about the right size. The reason for this is that the Eart
5、h is like a ball, but a map is flat. 4题It is easy to find places, but some people said it was unfair because places including Canada, the UK and Europe appeared much bigger than they really were.5题In the 19th and 20th centuries, modern technology allowed map makers to produce maps showing locations
6、exactly. Today, many people view maps on their phones. Researchers are working to map the floor of the oceans and to locate every tree on Earth. Scientists are also trying to map the past by using the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST). This invention will collect light from stars and may find the sec
7、rets about the beginning of the universe(宇宙)【语篇研读】 What:介绍了地图的发展史。Why:引导学生了解地理知识、历史轶事和现代科技,通过跨学科整合呈现多元化学习探索情境和语言应用情境。How:文体特征:说明文。写作手法:以时间为线索从16,500年前公元100年1569年19和20世纪,层层递进,分四个阶段介绍了地图的发展演变过程。The History of MapsMaps provide us with information of 1._Ancient mapsOne of the first maps is a map of 2._
8、around 16,500 years ago.The oldest earthly map is the Babylonian Map of the World.Maps go globalThe first world map was drawn by using 3._The imaginary lines introduced to the Mercator Projection made it most commonly used, but it still needed 4._Maps and 5._Maps can be used on the phone.Maps can he
9、lp us know more about the oceans, the land and the universe through JWST.Passage 2(2023锦江区二诊)Many animals move from one place to another at certain times of the year. This yearly movement is called migration. One of the most wonderful migrations is that of the North American monarch butterfly. 1题It
10、migrates to find food, get a partner, or in search of warmer weather.Every autumn, millions of these beautiful insects begin a long and difficult journey. They travel around 4, 000 kilometers south and find their way to California or Mexico. However, until recently no one knew how they did this.A te
11、am of scientists at the University of Washington has now found the answer. They have found out that the monarch is able to tell the time of day. 2题Also, it uses its eyes to measure(测量)where the sun is in the sky. These two pieces of information allow the butterfly to decide where to go. 3题Finally, i
12、t reaches the places successfully and it will spend the winter there.The solution to the mystery of the monarchs amazing ability comes finally while it is in serious trouble now. Its population has fallen down by as much as 90 percent. In recent years, unusually cold temperatures and rain have cause
13、d monarchs to die in large numbers.4题Whats worse, in many of the places where the butterfly can be found, people are doing harm to the natural environment. They cut down trees and use chemicals to kill the plants, which the monarch mainly eats.5题Thanks to those scientists, its their research on the
14、monarch that has helped people to better understand how important it is to protect this creature. People have been working together to record its migration and make sure that there are enough plants for it. Will they return? I believe there will come a time when the number of monarch butterflies inc
15、reases once again.【语篇研读】 What:介绍了帝王蝶的相关知识。Why:引导学生认识生物多样性,意识到保护自然环境的重要性,树立人与自然和谐共生的理念。How:文体特征:说明文。写作手法:文章开头通过下定义的说明方法引出文章主题,即北美帝王蝶的迁徙;此外,结尾采用设问的修辞手法,强调了保护帝王蝶和自然环境的重要性,引起读者的反思和共鸣。Passage 3(2023定心卷)外文素材改编自Twinkl减少塑料污染的方法Over time, people have been caring less and less about the earth, and now we are
16、trying to deal with the results that have been caused. One major problem is known as plastic pollution which has unluckily been caused by careless humans. Luckily, there are things we can do to help reduce this damage(伤害)What is plastic pollution? The biggest problem with unwanted plastic is the pol
17、lution and damage it causes to the environment. Because plastic is cheap and easy to make, humans buy and use a lot of it. They then throw it away. 1题But, plastic is so strong that when it is thrown away, it takes hundreds of years to decompose(分解). It breaks into tiny pieces, which then get blown a
18、round by the wind and the rain. Lots of the plastic ends up in our rivers and the ocean.2题Do you know something terrible? There are 6.3 billion tonnes of plastic waste on Earth. 80% of the pieces swimming in the ocean are plastic. 267 kinds of animals around the world are harmed by plastic.There are
19、 lots of things we all can do to help end plastic pollution. Its important to first try to “reduce” our use of plastics, then “reuse” where possible. The last is to “recycle” as this still has a bad influence on the environment. Reduce: Avoid singleuse plastics, use bamboo and others instead. You ca
20、nt do this alone. 3题Its important to talk to your family or school about how to reduce their plastic use. Reuse: If you have plastic things, make sure that you use them many times. For example, instead of buying new ones, refill and reuse water bottles and lunch bags. 4题Also, avoid using singleuse p
21、lastic bags for shopping, using bags made of cloth, thick paper instead. Recycle: 5题Check for the recycling symbol before you buy plastics and make sure that you always recycle plastics when you can, instead of dealing with them as normal rubbish.【语篇研读】 What:介绍了塑料垃圾产生的原因、造成的危害和减少塑料垃圾的方法。Why:引导学生意识到环
22、保的重要性,呼吁大家共同努力,减少塑料垃圾所造成的危害。How:文体特征:说明文。写作手法:通过对比塑料易产生和难分解的两个特点,强调塑料垃圾的危害性,让学生更加直观地了解塑料垃圾问题的严重性;此外,文中通过列数字,如“6.3 billion,80%,267 kinds of”等,呈现了塑料污染的严峻性,易引发读者的思考。 Passage 4外文素材改编自ACTIVE SKILLS FOR READING梳子的古与今Combs(梳子) are so common that people of all ages would use them almost every day. Used firs
23、t as a necessary tool in our daily life, the comb has developed into many forms for all types of hair. The type of combs you need will be different. It depends on your hair, as well as the purpose of the comb. Combing different hair requires different combs.The earliest use of the comb appeared as f
24、ar back as 5,000 years ago. In fact, many different kinds of the comb have been found throughout history. As early as 5,500 BC., the ancient Egyptians could make combs. 1题In ancient China, people wore combs to show their social status(地位). Over time, combs have now developed into a kind of tool with
25、 more uses, which can help care peoples hair. Today, there are hundreds of different combs for people to choose and use.Combs serve different functions(功能) for different hair types and styles.2题Typically, they are very helpful when your hair is disordered or wet. Another common use for the comb is t
26、o fix hair in one position. Combs may also be used to part hair for coloring, conditioning and braiding(编织). Combs can also be worn as decorations(装饰) that hold hair in a specific style. 3题During the 1930s and 1940s, hair comb were the best choice of keeping hair beautiful.In the earliest time, comb
27、s were made from bones of animals. But later, to protect animals, people began to make combs from wood or plastic which are still used widely by most people. And combs can be made from gold, but its quite expensive and usually used as marriage gift for common people.At present, combs are made into d
28、ifferent shapes and types in different colors. People can choose their favorite combs as they like. 5题But when using combs, we should know wed better not use others combs. And we should wash or brush our combs with clean water as often as possible to keep them clean.【语篇研读】 What:介绍了梳子的起源、作用、发展过程、制作材料
29、和使用的注意事项等。Why:引导学生了解古代传统的手工艺品,体悟先民的智慧和文化魅力。How:文体特征:说明文。写作手法:文章按照时间顺序进行展开,如“5,000 years ago,As early as 5,500 BC.,During the 1930s and 1940s,In the earliest time,But later,At present”等,让读者能够全面地了解梳子的发展史。话题二观点建议Passage 5(2023黑白卷)外文素材改编自THE WEEK Junior减少食物浪费Have you ever looked in your foodwaste bin(垃圾
30、箱)? It may look unpleasant, but in fact it gives you a sign as to how much food your family throws out. Its said that families in the UK create more than six million tonnes of food waste each year. “Food waste” means food that could have been eaten but instead is thrown away.With food prices rising,
31、 its a good time to become a “foodwaste fighter”. 1题Not only will it save money, but also it is good for the environment. After all, growing, packaging and transporting food use a lot of Earths resources. Here are some tips that can help you become foodwaste fighters.First, its a good idea to find o
32、ut just how much food goes into your bin. 2题Keep a diary and note down the foods that you throw out most often and why.3题Planning meals for the next week with your family can save time and money. Meat from a Sunday roast(烤肉) could go into sandwiches on Monday. Bananas that are brown and soft can be
33、baked into banana bread at the weekend. Potatoes and carrots, however, last a long time if they are kept in a cool and dark place.Cooking the correct portion(份量) size helps too.Weigh out noodles or rice you need before you cook. And before you fill your plate, check how hungry you are so that you do
34、nt end up with leaving food because youre too full.Its hard to keep track of food thats gone to the back of the fridge. 4题You could label(给贴上标签) as “Eat me first” for anything that has been there for a while. In this way, youre more likely to eat this food first. Your fridge is another way to save f
35、ood.5题Besides, some UK supermarkets have taken “best before” dates off fruit and vegetables to encourage people to use their noses and eyes to work out if something is actually still fine to eat. If you have any questions, you can ask an adult for help. Dont forget to update(更新) your diary to see ho
36、w many changes you can make.【语篇研读】 What:介绍了世界上存在着严重的“食物浪费”现象,作者针对这种不良现象提出了五点建议。Why:引导学生关注食物浪费现象,提醒学生谨记“节约粮食,拒绝浪费”,并在实际生活中积极践行。How:文体特征:说明文。写作手法:文章开头通过问句引起读者的兴趣和关注;接着用下定义的说明方法来解释食物浪费的概念;此外,文章在介绍减少食物浪费的实用技巧时,采用了举例的方式,如“Meat from a Sunday roast(烤肉) could go into sand wishes on Monday.”等,使读者更加容易理解和接受。Pa
37、ssage 6 外文素材改编自EvidenceBased Reading睡觉的奥秘Every living creature(生物) needs sleep. You may not realize it, but many important things happen to your body and mind while youre sleeping.Getting enough sleep is extremely important. During sleep, your heart, lungs, muscles(肌肉) and nervous system can rest. A
38、t the same time, they prepare for another day. 1题Getting enough sleep helps your body fight sickness, and you will feel much better the next day. People who dont sleep for enough hours may not think that they are sleepy, but they are less able to focus on and learn new information.2题They will become
39、 emotional, and their reaction(反应) times can be slower.When you sleep, your body passes through a cycle that has five stages. In the first stage, you are either just beginning to fall asleep or are sleeping lightly. In the second stage of sleep, your breathing and heart rate become regular, and your
40、 body temperature starts to drop. The third and fourth stages are the deepest and most restful stages of sleep. In these stages, your muscles are relaxed, your breathing and heart rate are slow and regular, and energy is stored to your body. 3题In the fifth and final stage of sleep, your brain gets t
41、he rest that it needs to function well the next day. Thats when you really reach deep sleep. During this stage of sleep, you reach and maintain(保持) REM(rapid eye movement), which means that your eyeballs move rapidly beneath your closed eyelids. REM is also the stage of sleep in which your dream.Eve
42、ryone has his own sleep needs, but if you have trouble sleeping, there are some things that you can do to help you sleep better. The following list provides some suggestions for improving the quality of your sleep.Set up a sleep schedule. 4题Try to go to bed at the same time every night and wake up a
43、t the same time each morning.Avoid foods and drinks that are caffeinated(含有咖啡因的) or high in sugar before bedtime. And try not to eat large meals before bedtime.Or, that makes you feel uncomfortable.5题Make sure that your bedroom is dark, cool and quiet.Exercise for at least 30 minutes each day, but n
44、ot right before bedtime.【语篇研读】 What:介绍了充足睡眠的重要性,并解释了从准备睡觉到深度睡眠阶段身体的变化,最后还介绍了提高睡眠质量的四种方法。Why:引导学生学会科学睡眠,关注个人的身体健康。How:文体特征:说明文。写作手法:文章按照逻辑顺序来介绍睡眠的五个阶段和每个阶段对身体的作用,使读者更加清晰地了解睡眠的奥秘。参考答案Passage 11. geography2. the stars3. math(s)4. improvement 5. modern technologyPassage 21. Purpose2. position3. manages/
45、never fails4. Human/Peoples activities/actions/Things people do5. helped with/led to/resulted inPassage 31. hard/difficult 2. situations3. Call on/Encourage4. recycled materials5. separate/divide/throwPassage 41. symbol2. Dealing with3. beautiful4. materials5. AvoidPassage 51. wasted resources2. the amount of/how much3. weekly4. fresh5. sensesPassage 61. repair2. speed3. fully 4. on time5. suitable/proper