1、 - 1 - 山东省 2021 年高考地市名校模拟示范卷 英英 语语 (时间：100 分钟，满分：120 分) 第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50 分) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A (重庆巴蜀中学 2020 适应考) Whether you are a national or an international student，we welcome you to Middleton University.Our reputation is built on providing high
2、- quality education in both academic and vocational(职业的) subjects.As well as priding ourselves on our traditional face- to- face learning，we have recently introduced a range of distance learning courses. What do they cost? Costs for our courses vary considerably.Click on each departments homepage fo
3、r more information.Scholarships and bursaries are available for certain courses， particularly for those in sciences and education. Sample courses overview BAin English Language and Literature The main purpose of this course is to develop your ability to describe，analyze and manipulate features of th
4、e English language，and to see how these are expressed in literature.As well as taking core modules which cover these areas，students will be able to specialize in their fields of interest. Duration：three- year course Course：Choose 12 out of 20 modules. Weekly timetable：8 hours of lectures/4 hours of
5、seminars Assessment： essays, exams and an 8， 000word dissertation at the end of the third year Requirements： academic experience and interest in the subject； good school- exam grades Diploma in Teaching - 2 - In the first term，you will learn about the theory of teaching and how to be an effective te
6、acher.In the second term，you will also begin teaching in a school.The third term is completely practical. Duration：one- year course Course：Choose 6 out of 10 modules(three are compulsory) Weekly timetable：6 hours of lectures/2 hours of seminars/6 hours of classroom teaching Assessment：combination of
7、 essays and classroom observation Requirement：first degree in specific subject area 【语篇解读】 本文介绍了一所大学最近开设的在线课程。 1What is Middleton University famous for? AAcademic and vocational education. BTraditional teaching methods. CDistancelearning courses. DFacetoface communication. A 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Our reput
8、ation is built on providing high- quality education in both academic and vocational subjects.”可知，这所大学因 为在学术和职业性课程上提供高质量的教学而获得好声誉，即它以高质量的学术 和职业教学而出名。故选 A 项。 2What do the two sample courses have in common? AThey both last for three years. BThey both require students to hand in essays. CThey both offer
9、 total freedom to choose modules. DThey both favor students with interest in the subject. B 考查细节理解。根据 B.A.in English Language and Literature 部分中的 “Assessment：essays，exams and an 8，000word dissertation at the end of the third year”和 Diploma in Teaching 部分中的“Assessment：combination of essays and classr
10、oom observation”可知， 这两门课程的共同点是都需要提交论文。 故选 B 项。 3What is the main purpose of the text? ATo advertise certain online courses. - 3 - BTo stress the need for distance learning. CTo introduce distancelearning techniques. DTo suggest a way of pursuing further education. A 考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“As well as priding
11、 ourselves on our traditional face- to- face learning，we have recently introduced a range of distance learning courses.” 以及下文所介绍的两种课程的内容、 时长、 考核评价和要求可知， 本文的主要目的是为一些在线课程做宣传。故选 A 项。 B (北京丰台区 2020 期末) My family moved to St.Paul，Minnesota last year，where the average winter temperature is around 10 Fahre
12、nheit.Once summer ended，everyone went to play ice hockey.Id been on the ice only a couple of times when I was much younger.When Id fallen and broken my wrist during my second lesson，Id decided never to put on ice skates again. Ben， a friend I made in the new city， volunteered to teach me to skate.Ev
13、en though he was very patient，I was so embarrassed at my clumsiness that I began to make up excuses for not skating. One day I discovered a faster route home.It took me past a large frozen pond.I noticed a woman teaching a young girl to skate.The girl was attempting to jump and spin in the air. Over
14、 and over，she pushed off the ground with the toes of her skates.And over and over，she landed hard on the ice. After I had been watching the girl practice for about a week，one afternoon she suddenly lifted off the ground，spun in the air，and landed on her feet! The next day I bought myself a pair of b
15、randnew skates.Every day on the way home I stopped at the pond and wobbled toward the ice，right next to the girl who had landed on her feet.As she perfected her twists and tricks，I taught myself to glide and turn.Being a beginner was hard，and when I fell I had to fight the urge to simply give up.Ins
16、tead， every time I went down， I just picked myself up and started over again.Soon I was able to keep my balance and skate more confidently.In just a few weeks，I was actually ready to practice the speed skating，fast stops，and quick turns needed for ice - 4 - hockey.When I was finally ready to show Be
17、n my newfound skating ability， he told me I should join the local hockey league.I tried out for it and was chosen for a team.By the end of the season，I was part of a winning team. 【语篇解读】 作者在很小的时候由于滑冰摔断了手腕，所以对滑冰一直心 存畏惧，但是作者看到了一个在练习滑冰的小女孩后，深受鼓舞，他开始自学滑 冰，最后成为一支冰球队的一员，且队伍最终赢了比赛。 4What can we learn about
18、 the author? AHe learned skating from the girl. BHe preferred ice hockey to skating. CHe had once given up learning skating. DHe moved to a new city without summer. C 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“When Id fallen and broken my wrist during my second lesson，Id decided never to put on ice skates again.”可知，作者曾 经放弃了学习滑
19、冰。故选 C 项。 5Why did the author mention the girl near the pond? ATo prove the girl was skillful. BTo suggest the girl inspired him. CTo show the girl was a quick learner. DTo explain how he came across the girl. B 考查推理判断。根据全文可知，作者从曾经放弃学习滑冰，到重新开始 学习，是因为看到了小女孩在经历了无数次的摔倒后依然不放弃，所以可推知， 作者提到这个小女孩是想表明她激励了自己。
20、故选 B 项。 6According to the last paragraph，the authors training was _ Aeasy and basic Bhard but rewarding Cboring and tiring Dstrict but interesting B 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Being a beginner was hard”以及“I tried out for it and was chosen for a team.By the end of the season，I was part of a winning team.”可知，作者练
21、习得很艰苦，但是有回报。故选 B 项。 - 5 - 7What does the story mainly tell us? AAll roads lead to Rome. BOne is never too old to learn. COne good turn deserves another. DNothing is impossible to a willing heart. D 考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，作者从放弃滑冰到受到鼓励重新学习滑 冰，经过艰苦的练习，最后成为一支获胜冰球队伍的一员。这个故事告诉我们： 有志者，事竟成。故选 D 项。A 项意为“条条大道通罗马” ；B 项
22、意为“活到老学 到老”；C 项意为“以德报德”。 C (北京海淀区 2020 二模) At one time or another in your life you have probably done origami，even if it was just making a paper airplane or something more complicated like a paper crane.The chances are that as you did it，you reflected on how inventive this traditional art is.Animals
23、，boxes，flowers，boats：all of these can be created from a single square or rectangular sheet of paper simply by folding it.No cutting，no pasting. But did you ever stop to think how the same techniques might be applied to engineering？To equipment that could be of real practical use? Origami meets the d
24、emand for things that need to be small when transported and large when they arrive at the destination，like the everyday umbrella.In fact，origamiinspired creations have already flown in space；in 1995，Japanese engineers launched a satellite with solar panels that folded like a map. “Its now mathematic
25、ally proven that you can pretty much fold anything， ”says physicist Robert JLang，who quit his engineering job eight years ago to fold things full- time.Lang， an origami enthusiast since age six， advised a wellknown manufacturer on the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard.He is currently worki
26、ng on a space telescope lens that，if all goes according to plan，should be able to unfold to the size of a football field. At the other end of the scale，researchers are also working on tiny folding devices that could lead to breakthroughs in medicine and computing.Theres no doubt that computers in th
27、e future may contain tiny，folded motors or capacitors for faster processing and better memory. - 6 - Applications for origami engineering go further than what many of us might imagine.“Some day， ”says MITs Erik Demaine， “well build reconfigurable(可重构 的) robots that can fold on their own from one thi
28、ng into another， like Transformers.Too much like science fiction to be true？Maybethough you certainly wouldnt want to bet against it.” 【语篇解读】 本文介绍了具有创造性的传统艺术折纸，现在它已经被 应用到技术工程领域。 8What do we know about origami? AIt consumes lots of time. BIt involves interesting ideas. CIt requires complex techniques
29、. DIt has to do with cutting and pasting. B 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The chances are that as you did it, you reflected on how inventive this traditional art is. No cutting, no pasting.”可知，折纸 需要有创造性且有趣的想法。故选 B 项。 9Which of the following is an application of origami? AA space telescope lens can be folded to the
30、 size of an umbrella. BA satellite is equipped with solar panels and a folded map. CAn airbag can be better folded into a dashboard of a car. DA future computer contains many huge folded motors. C 考查细节理解。 根据第三段中的“Lang， an origami enthusiast since age six, advised a wellknown manufacturer on the best
31、 way to fold an airbag into a dashboard.”可知，如今折纸工艺可应用于多个领域，如利用此技术，安全气囊可 被折叠到汽车仪表板中。故选 C 项。 10What is Erik Demaines attitude toward origami engineering? AHopeful. BDoubtful. CDisapproving. DAmbiguous. A 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中埃里克 德迈纳说的话可知，他认为我们 在未来有可能创造出类似于变形金刚的机器人，折纸工艺技术的应用会远远超出 我们的想象， 由此可推测埃里克 德迈纳对折纸工程的未来充满
32、希望。 故选 A 项。 - 7 - 11In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? AEntertainment. BCulture. CEducation. DPopscience. D 考查推理判断。文章介绍了人们利用折纸原理创造出了很多可折叠的装 置，折纸工程将在很大程度上影响未来的医药、计算机和机器人等行业。本文介 绍的内容都和科学技术有关， 故推测本文很有可能出现在报纸的科学版块。 故选 D 项。 D (河北唐山 2020 期末) Mice and rats have long been used in medical
33、research because of their biological similarities to humans.Recently scientists at the University of Richmond in Virginia have trained rats to drive small vehicles. The research team built tiny cars out of plastic and other materials，which had an opening at one end to which electrical wires were att
34、ached.By touching one of three different wires，the rat could control the car in different directionsleft，center and right.Sweet treats were placed inside some containers in an attempt to get the rats to drive the vehicles for the food.After several months training，the animals could drive to get to t
35、he locations of treats. Kelly Lambert，who has long been interested in the way the brain changes to react to different experiences and difficulties，led the experiment.She told the French news agency AFP the research suggested rat brains might be more complex and flexible than we once thought.The driv
36、ing activity seemed to help the rats relax and the rats trained in what was called“enriched environments”performed far better than those in labs. The researchers examined levels of two hormones(激素) in the ratsone that strengthens the sense of stress and the other that counters it.All the rats that t
37、ook part in the training had higher levels of the hormone that reduces stress.The research suggests the increased relaxation levels could be linked to the enjoyment of successfully acquiring a new skill.The team also found the rats which drove by themselves showed higher levels of the stress- fighti
38、ng hormone than those that simply rode in small cars controlled by humans. Lamberts team is planning to further the research to learn more about how the rats learned to drive.This research may open new areas of non- drug treatments for people suffering from mental health conditions. - 8 - 【语篇解读】 本文是
39、一篇说明文。研究表明，训练鼠类学习驾驶车辆能够 提高其体内减缓压力的激素水平。该项研究可能为精神疾病患者开辟非药物治疗 的新领域。 12Why do scientists always choose rats for the research? AThey can build tiny vehicles on their own. BThey are biologically similar to human beings. CThey are clever enough to be trained to drive cars. DThey can be used as non- drug t
40、reatments for humans. B 考查细节理解。 由第一段中的“Mice and rats have long been used in medical research because of their biological similarities to humans.”可知，科学家选择老鼠作 为研究对象是因为它们在生物学的特征上与人类相似。故选 B 项。 13What does the underlined word“counters”in Paragraph 4 mean? ARemoves. BSubstitutes. CResists. DTransforms. C
41、考查词义猜测。由第四段中的“The researchers examined levels of two hormones in the ratsone that strengthens the sense of stress.All the rats that took part in the training had higher levels of the hormone that reduces stress.”可知， 研究人员检 测了老鼠体内两种激素的水平，其中一种激素会增强压力感，而所有参加训练的 老鼠(体内)所含有的减压方面的激素水平都更高。由此可知，另一种激素的作用应 是减少压
42、力。由此判断画线词 counters 应与 resists 意思相近，意为“抵制”。故选 C 项。 14What can we learn about the experiment? AThe brains of rats might be more complex and flexible than those of human beings. B The increased relaxation levels led to the rats enjoyment of learning a new skill. CAll the rats involved in the training h
43、ad higher levels of the hormone strengthening stress. DThe rats in cars controlled by humans had lower levels of the stressfighting hormone. D 考查细节理解。 由第四段中的“The team also found the rats which drove by - 9 - themselves showed higher levels of the stress- fighting hormone than those that simply rode
44、in small cars controlled by humans.”可知，关于这个实验我们能了解到，由人 类控制车辆实验组的老鼠体内的抗压激素水平较低。故选 D 项。 15In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? AScience. BSports. CEducation. DEntertainment. A 考查推理判断。通读全文可知，研究表明，训练鼠类学习驾驶车辆能够 提高其体内减缓压力的激素水平。该项研究可能为精神疾病患者开辟非药物治疗 的新领域。由此判断本文可能出现在报纸的科学版面。故选 A 项。 第二节(共 5 小
45、题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中 有两项为多余选项。 (湖北武汉江岸区 2020 调研)Music is an art form which deals with the representation of emotion through sounds.It can have a physical effect on us because it is closely linked with emotion， perhaps even more than the abstract nature of words.Th
46、e number one reason why people listen to music is to adjust their emotional state. 16 Numerous studies leave us in no doubt that music can affect our mood state and stress level. 17 For example，they have found that background music shuts out distractions.It calms them before a large task and then th
47、ey can stay focused for longer.Also it can help them with their creativity and make studying more enjoyable. 18 Firstly， it depends on what the task is.The more difficult the challenge is， the more likely background music will interrupt the learning process. For less challenging learning tasks，music
48、 can greatly assist in providing a positive learning state.Secondly， it depends on the characteristics of the music well come to in a moment.And thirdly， extroverts(性格外向者) enjoy and often require more external stimulation(刺激) and are likely to handle background noise better than those who are quiet
49、and shy. Actually，its not about the genre(类型) of music，but the natural musical characteristics which aid or disrupt study.One of these characteristics is the tempo(拍 子)The recommended tempo for background music is in the range 70110 beats per minute，slightly faster than the heartbeat at rest. 19 And very slow mus
