1、完型填空之说明文精讲完型填空之说明文精讲 技法指导技法指导 1.文章多用现在时态文章多用现在时态 说明文通常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明， 与时间的变化关系不大， 所以文章常用 现在时态。 2.语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述 说明文的目的主要是帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，所以语言简练、平实、易于理解， 内容客观真实，很少含有带感情的词汇。 3.文章主题明确，层次分明文章主题明确，层次分明 说明文类完形填空往往在文章开头就点明说明对象， 从而为学生们把握文章主题提供了 有利条件。而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。 典例典例
2、 1.利用说明文首句，明利用说明文首句，明确说明对象确说明对象 Imagine the first days in a new time zone . Slow to respond to the _28_ , your body clock is confused. Youre sleepy all day, but when its time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously youre _29_jet lag(时差反应）. 28.A.flight B. change C. demand D. climate 【解析】 ：下文的“
3、jet lag(时差反应）”说明，在旅行时要适应时差。 29.A.suffering from B. working on C. looking into D. leading to 【解析】 ：上文的“hardly fall asleep”说明人们常常不能顺利地倒时差；suffer from“受折磨”。 2.关注内在联系，把握说明顺序关注内在联系，把握说明顺序 常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序（如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等） 和认识顺序（如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等） 。 How long can human beings live? Mo
4、st scientists who study old age think that the human body is _1_to live no longer than 120 years. However,110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live-if he or she is _2_ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot co
5、ntinue to reproduce _3_. They wear out, and as a result , we get old and _4_die . 1.A.designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered 【解析】 ：此处表示我们人体的设计就是最长活到 120 岁。design“设计”。 2.A.completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely 【解析】 ：根据上下文可知，此处表示 110 岁很可能是任何一个人可能会希望活的最长的时 间了如果一个人极其健康和幸运的话，extremel
6、y“极度，极其”。 3.A.rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately 【解析】 ：这里表示人类细胞不能永无止境地自我繁殖，所以人才会变老。endlessly“无止境 地，无限地”。 4.A.eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately 【解析】 ：get old 的最终结果就是死亡，因此用 eventually 表示“最终”。 3.逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项 对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定式”，根据全文大意和文不离句、句不离文的原则 逐项
7、选择。针对说明文独有的文体特点，解答时一定要注意从上下文意义、惯用法、固定搭 配、逻辑推理、常识等角度去考虑和判断，并注意其内在联系。 Exercise(一）一） Bridging the gap How does a principal investigator make communication among deaf and hearing colleagues easier? Moreover,how are the large number of field-specific technical terms 1 - and communicated in sign language?
8、 These 2 differences are not remarkably challenging to work around. Blumberg taught himself American Sign Language and has interpreters 3 in the lab during the day.For lab meetings, journal clubs and research seminars, he has two interpreters present to tag-team signing. Costs for the interpreters a
9、re 4 by the NIHs Office of Research Services. The only learning curve that he experienced, Blumberg says, was realizing he needed 5 interpreters, Before, when he had one deaf student,he could 6 the interpreting. As more deaf fellow joined, Blumberg 7 full-time interpreters for help. Having interpret
10、ers around all day is not necessary though. 8 . interpreters are only needed during the day if were having lab meeting, classes, important functions or events, or 9 -poster presentations,student presentations, guest presentations from 10 scientists, Lundberg says. The rest of the day, I do not need
11、an interpreter, 11 Im in lab and its independent work. During his PhD. at the University of Minnesota, Lundberg used online chat platforms to 12 with his adviser and colleagues. Or he wrote 13 a whiteboard, scratch paper, or paper towels. His adviser later 14 that he keep the scraps of paper, which“
12、was really good advice, Lundberg says, because they were really good notes. The best way to arrange the most suitable accommodations for deaf individuals is to ask them 15 they need, says Derek Braun, a former postdoctoral fellow with Blumberg and currently a professor of biology at Gallaudet Univer
13、sity. One of his ongoing projects is a collaboration with Blumberg and Lundberg to investigate the role of Ras guany nucleotide (鸟苷核苷酸)一 releasing proteins in cancer. 16 deaf people sign, Braun says. Some are oral. Really, we come in every favor imaginable. The best judge of what that person needs i
14、s usually the person? Signing scientific terms is not unusually challenging either. While no standardized set of signs for technical words exists, colleagues working in the same lab develop their own signs for the terms they frequently use. If each lab develops signs 17 what happens when members of
15、different labs meet? Larry Pearce, a technician in Blumbergs lab 18 is deaf, explains to me,“Is really not that difficult,because when an individual does not understand a sign we use, theyll ask for clarifications (说明) and Ill finger-spell. Ill spell 19 out. They will tell me what their sign is, and
16、 Ill tell them what our sign is. If I like their sign better, I might adopt it and use it every day, or vice-versa (反之亦然), and eventually it becomes more 20 1. A. adapted B. adopted C. adjusted D. announced 2. A. culture B. pronunciation C. communication D. habit 3. A. stationed B. canned C. cupped
17、D. capped 4. A. counted B. contained C. included D. covered 5. A. better . B. fewer C. more . D. less 6. A. carry out B. carry on C. make out D. make up 7. A. turned B. sought C. referred D. led 8. A. In particular B. In general C. In conclusion D. In a word 9. A. colleagues B. interpreters C. prese
18、ntations D.accommodations 10. A. another B. any C. others D. other 11. A. because B. though C. whether D. unless 12. A. write B. read C. listen D. speak 13. A. below B. on C. in D. beyond 14. A. knew B. suggested C. discovered D. noticed 15. A. which B. that C. what D. if 16. A. Not all B.All C. Few
19、 D. Not enough 17. A. independently B. dependently C. secretly D. occasionally 18. A. where B. which C. who D. when 19. A. them B. me C. myself D. it 20. A.essential B.particular C.related D. universal Exercise(二）二） What I have learned with my three teens is this: when they are testing me and pushin
20、g the limits in a way that feels more aggressive than normal teenage behavior, this is when they need some extra love and 1 When our kids are young and arent able to 2 how they are feeling, they typically behave in a way that makes it obvious that they are sad， 3 ，or not feeling like themselves. We
21、parents try 4 to help them feel better, what ever it. 5 We wont. 6 even though we cant quite understand. As they get 7 and are able to talk and communicate, I think we raise our expectations a little bit too 8 -Ive realized although they can talk and communicate and let us 9 whether something is wro
22、ng, it doesnt mean they will. Not because they dont always want to, 10 teenagers seem to think they can 11 it on their own; they think their 12 wont understand, or they are too embarrassed to come to us with their 13 or talk about certain situations. But Ive also had to realize when my teens are dis
23、respectful, they might not know how to 14 themselves. Even as a 43-year-old woman I still 15 with finding the words or putting a name to my feelings. I mean my teens need me to 16 them to tell me whats wrong. Teens, like all of us are looking for bonding, so make sure we are 17 time with them. This
24、has to be face to face. If connecting with your teen by text messages feels easier, then start there, but dont 18 there. Put down your 19 and look at your teen in the eyes to communicate too, and 20 will take you and your teen s relationship to another level. 1. A. complaint B. punishment C. praise
25、D. attention 2. A. sing B. Explore C. communicate D. build 3. A. uncomfortable B. delighted C. excited D. energetic 4. A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything 5. A. offers B. takes C. makes D. calls 6. A. give in B. give up C. give off D. give out 7. A. smaller B. stronger C. older D. youn
26、ger 8. A. high B. low C. fast D. slow 9. A. ask B. say C. debate D. know 10. A. because B. since C. though D. but 11. A. handle B. hide C. present D. expose 12. A. friends B. parents C. teachers D. teammates 13. A. worries B. possibilities C. explanations D. assumptions 14. A. push B. determine C. e
27、xpress D. urge 15. A. argue B. work C. struggle D. dream 16. A. force B. encourage C. refuse D. forbid 17. A. wasting B. killing C. spending D. losing 18. A. stand B. hang C. leave D. stop 19. A. magazines B. newspapers C. books D. phones 20. A. connection B. adjustment C. service D. disappointment
28、Homework （一）（一） During the Nov. 11 shopping event, many people tend to buy more than they need because of sales and promotion or just a plain urge. But what normally 1 the shopping spree (疯狂购物) is not 2 but regret. Thats because many people just buy things to fill the 3 in their hearts, but accumula
29、ting things actually 4 the burden in their minds. The concept of Danshari may provide a(n) 5 to the problem. Danshari is based on three Chinese characters, duan she li, 6 refusal, disposal (清除) and separation. It promotes the idea of getting rid of 7 things and separating oneself from the drive to o
30、wn 8 possessions. There are two basic rules that 9 whether you should keep somethingthe relationship between you and the item under 10 as well as the timing. So before you 11 your payment password for something, ask yourself two questions: Do I 12 it now? Does it suit me? Danshari encourages you not
31、 only to 13 yourself things, but to give up the unreasonable desire associated with owning them. Nowadays, people need to learn to 14 their daily lives. Buy only the necessities and 15 items, regularly 16 things you dont need any more, then youll get freedom in your heart. However, it doesnt mean th
32、at you should 17 your desire and live a less interesting life. Instead, you should 18 yourself rather than material goods. Through 19 what to buy and what to get rid of, you can see a deeper reflection of yourself, 20 learning to make wise decisions about more important things. 1.A.prevents B.follow
33、s C.starts D.promotes 2.A.expectation B.wealth C.satisfaction D.relief 3.A.emptiness B.need C.silence D.space 4.A.measures B.covers C.relieves D.indicates 5.A.limit B.alternative C.solution D.introduction 6.A.meaning B.abolishing C.violating D.predicting 7.A.updated B.temporary C.used D.unnecessary
34、8.A.private B.material C.valuable D.popular 9.A.prove B.permit C.decide D.affect 10.A.guarantee B.consideration C.control D.discussion 11.A.change B.create C.provide D.enter 12.A.need B.try C.want D.match 13.A.deny B.prepare C.spare D.serve 14.A.fix B.risk C.enrich D.simplify 15.A.special B.cheap C.
35、suitable D.optional 16.A.discover B.recycle C.update D.abandon 17.A.fuel B.identify C.kill D.balance 18.A.reflect on B.focus on C.give up D.cheer up 19.A.choosing B.avoiding C.comparing D.mentioning 20.A.rather B.otherwise C.therefore D.still Homework （二）（二） Men and women may have different experien
36、ces in shopping for clothes. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in 1 . He knows what he wants, and his 2 is to find it and buy it. All men 3 walk into a shop and ask the shop assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock(库存), the deal can b
37、e done and 4 is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyones 5 . For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants. In that 6 ,the salesman tries to sell the customer something elsehe 7 the nearest to the article required. A good salesman br
38、ings out such a substitute(替代品) 8 ;he may say, “I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it on for size? It 9 to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have 10 with this treatment, and the usual answer is: “This is the right color and may be the right size, but I sh
39、ouldnt be 11 my time and yours by trying it on.” For a woman, buying clothes is always done in the 12 way. Her shopping is not often 13 on need. She has never fully decided what she wants, and she is only “having a look around”. She is always 14 to persuasion, willing to try on any number of things.
40、 Deep in her mind is the thought of finding something that 15 thinks suits her. Most women have an excellent sense of value and are always on the lookout for the unexpected 16 . Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another 17 selecting the dress sh
41、e wants to 18 . It is a tiresome process, but clearly a(n) 19 one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting 20 . 1.A.detail B.hurry C.advance D.mind 2.A.advice B.goal C.demand D.question 3.A.quickly B.immediately C.soon D.simply 4.A.often B.constantly C.normally D.finally 5.A.confidence B.amu
42、sement C.satisfaction D.surprise 6.A.time B.event C.situation D.case 7.A.gives B.offers C.presents D.delivers 8.A.skillfully B.attentively C.actively D.carefully 9.A.occurs B.happens C.comes D.takes 10.A.patience B.interest C.expectation D.experience 11.A.losing B.spending C.giving D.wasting 12.A.sa
43、me B.clever C.opposite D.similar 13.A.relied B.based C.done D.related 14.A.open B.ready C.close D.happy 15.A.nobody B.somebody C.everybody D.anybody 16.A.deal B.surprise C.luck D.bargain 17.A.after B.as C.before D.by 18.A.try on B.try out C.try up D.try for 19.A.tiring B.enjoyable C.boring D.graceful 20.A.customers B.assistants C.wives D.husbands
