1、虚拟语气 The Subjunctive Mood,英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气，虚拟语气。,一 陈述语气,用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法。有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。,There are two sides to every question. They didnt watch fireworks yesterday evening. What can I do for you ?,例如:,Shall I turn on the radio? How disappointed Tom was ! What lovely flowers those are!,二 祈使语气,用来
2、表示说话人的请求，命令或劝告等。动词要用原形，其否定式在动词前加do not. Let me have a try. Dont be late again. Dont say it in Chinese. Say it in English. Lets go and play basketball.,三 虚拟语气,表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种与事实相反的假设，愿望，猜测或建议等等。,三 虚拟语气,（一）在条件句中的用法 1 与现在事实相反,例如:,If I had time now, we should read it again. If she knew about it, she
3、would come. If he were here, everything would be all right.,2 与过去事实相反,例如:,If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. If I had had the money last year, I would have bought a car. If they had known her address, they would have written to her.,3 与将来事实相反,例如:,If it were Sunday tomorr
4、ow, I would go to see my friends there.,If she should come, I should ask her for help. If you were to fail to catch the train, you might take the bus.,补充1.Without (没有),but for(要不是), otherwise(否则),这些词可以表示某种假设情况,从而省略条件句. I was busy last week ,otherwise I would have come to see you . = I was busy last
5、week ,if I had not been busy last week, I would have come to see you,补充2.错综时间条件句,主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句谓语动词所表示的动作并不是同时发生,这时动词的形式并不完全按照上述表格形式进行,而需要按照各自的时间来调整,这样的句子就叫错综时间条件句.,例如1:,If you had followed the doctors advice (then), you would be all right now. 如果你那时听了医生的话,你现在就好了. (主句与从句发生的时间不同,应按照主句与从句各自的时间做调整.)
6、 If you had followed the doctors advice, you would have been all right then. 如果你那时听了医生的话,你那时就好了. (主句与从句发生的时间同时.),例如2:,If you had watered them more ,the crops would be growing still better. 如果你再给庄稼多浇些水,他们会长得更好.(指现在长得更好.) If you had watered them more, the crops would have grown still better. (表示对过去的虚拟
7、) 如果你早就给庄稼多浇些水,他们就会长得更好,例如3,如果到现在我还没有写完作文,我明天就还得写它. (从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与将来事实相反.) If I hadnt finished my composition by now, I would be working on it tomorrow. 如果他昨天把功课都准备好的话,他现在就不会这么困难. If he had prepared well for his lessons yesterday, he wouldnt have so many difficulties now.,补充三:倒装形式表示虚拟条件句,从句中有wer
8、e ,had ,should或would等词语,可以将if省略,同时were ,had ,should或would提至句首,构成倒装.表示虚拟条件 (1) If I should meet her, I would tell her. =should I meet her, I would tell her.(万一) (2) If I were in your position, I would do it better. =were I in your position, I would do it better.,(3).,If they had made preparations, th
9、ey would have succeeded. = Had they made preparations, they would have succeeded.,( 二)在动词wish后面的宾语从句中，表示不可能实现的愿望，其动词形式有三种,1 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式。 I wish I had time to read. I wish I knew her address.,2,表示与过去事实相反的愿望，或表示已经发生的一件遗憾事，谓语动词用“had +动词过去分词”。 I wish I had studied very hard. He wishes he hadnt
10、 spent so much money.,3,表示将来难以实现的或很可能相反的愿望，谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”。 I wish he would be more careful. I wish he would do the job better. She wishes I would go with her.,(三)虚拟语气在其他从句中用法,1. 在“It +be +某些形容词或过去分词+that”的句型中，主语从句中的动词形式常用“(should)+动词原形”。 常用的形容词有：necessary, important, impossible, natural, st
11、range 常用的过去分词通常是表示建议， 要求，命令等suggestd,required,requested,demanded ,ordered,desired,advised,.,例如:,It is natural that he should say so. It is necessary that the problem should be discussed at once.,例如,It is really strange that the girl _ so early. A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. wou
12、ld marry,C,2.表示建议.要求.命令类的名词性从句,一坚持. insist 二命令, order, command 三建议,advice, suggest, propose, 四要求demand, require, request, desire ，通常用“should+动词原形”。Should可以省略,例如,He suggested that we should visit the palace right away. She proposed that the meeting be put off. He ordered that they should start off im
13、mediately. I demanded that he should answer me at once.,在表示建议，要求，命令等名词之后的表语从句，同位语从句中，通常用“should+动词原形”。,这些名词有：idea, proposal, order suggestion,decesion, advice His proposal is that the meeting (should) be put off. Our suggestion is that you (should) be the first to go.,4.as if ,as though,as if ,as th
14、ough引导的从句可以用来表示猜测，假定，谓语动词在从句中用过去式表示与现在事实相反，用“had+过去分词”表示与过去事实相反。 He is running about as if he were a mad man. They talked as though they had been friends for years.,但是,需注意:,如果引导的从句所表示的内容与事实相符合,应该用陈述语气: It looks as if our team is going to win (场上情况表明有可能) It seems as if it is going to rain 各种迹象表明天要下雨.
15、,一试身手,1.It seems as if it _rain. A. will B. is going to C. is to D. were going to 2.you talk as if you _there. A. were really B. has really been C. had really been D. would really be,B,C,5.,在“Its (about, high) time + that从句”结构中，从句中谓语动词用过去式表示一种建议，意思是“该做某事了”。 You look so tired tonight. Its time you we
16、nt to bed. Its high time you got up. It is time we started off.,6.,if only句型“要是该多好啊！”谓语动词用法同wish,谓语动词用过去式，过去完成式,或would/could/shoud/might+动词原形表示虚拟语气。 If only I could see him now. If only I hadnt lost it.,7.,would ratherhad rather后跟从句，谓语动词通常用过去式表示与现在或者将来的虚拟，用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。 I would rather you came tomorrow Id rather you hadnt accepted their invitation yesterday. I would rather you had not done it.,8.,Lest ,in case ,for fear that 唯恐，以免 从句谓语动词使用should +动词原形,
