1、How to correct a composition,短文改错,考纲解读,高考短文改错是知识和能力的综合测试题型。主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性及词、句、篇和语法的综合水平。高考短文改错题设置的考点灵活多变，知识层次多，覆盖面广，包括词法、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构等，是一种在较高层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试题型。,高考短文改错的短文通常只有110个词左右，文体多为第一/三人称记叙文、应用文(以书信为主)。所选取的语言材料贴近实际生活，多为考生所熟知，且话题贴近学生，有的带点幽默，有的包含教育意义。文字浅显易懂，材料中没有生僻、超纲的词汇；句子结构简
2、单，基本上是简单句和并不复杂的复合句；语言地道，符合英语语言习惯。各种错误所占比例为,命题特点,短文改错的错误主要是以下两方面。 一，语法方面。主要考察动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、名词和代词的各种形式、主谓一致、冠词、连词、介词、词形(指应该用动词、名词、形容词还是副词形式，以及平行结构中词的正确形式) 二，行文逻辑方面。主要考察人物的性别及相应的物主代词或物的数量及相应的物主代词。句子的并列，递进，转折，因果关系和时间的先后顺序等。,考点,1“规范性”原则：要严格按照示范规定的符号改错。要记住“”、“”、“”分别表示错词纠正、缺词填补、多词删除。切忌用文字说明或用箭头表示。 2“四不改”原则
3、：单词拼写不改；大小写不改；词序错误不改(应从错词或少词方面考虑)；标点符号不改。 3“四改动”原则：忠实于原文原则(不可改变原文的原意)；错误以改动最少为原则；虚词以添加或者删除为原则；实词以改变形式为原则。,答题原则,常考的考点,一、冠词 二、谓语动词形 三、非谓语 四、名词数 五、形容词、副词 六、代词 七、介词和固定搭配 八、复合句连词、疑问词 九、逻辑,【2015 新课标全国I】 but I miss my home in countryside. 【2015 新课标全国II】 A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a
4、 shop. 【2014 新课标全国I】 As result, the plants are growing somewhere. 【2014 新课标全国II】 There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. 【2014 辽宁】 Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day .,一、冠词,the,the,a,an,二、动词形,【2015新课标全国I】 When I was a child, I hoped to live
5、in the city. I think I would be happy there. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. We must found ways to protect your environment. 【2015新课标全国II】 Tony was scared and begun to cry. If they will give me some information I will tell you.,thought,f
6、ind,began,提醒：在含有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中， 主句用将来时态，从句中则用一般现在时态,【2014新课标全国II】 My dream school look like a big garden. 【2014全国卷大纲版】 The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other. 【2013陕西卷】 Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and fish was caught.,look
7、s,means,was,动名词，不定式或从句做主语谓语动词用单数。,The students as well as the teacher likes the film.,like,1） there be; or; eitheror; neithernor; not (only)but (also); as well as; together with; with; rather than; like; but.,就近原则,就远原则,主谓一致特别提醒,Many a student have this kind of phone. Every man and every woman have s
8、uch a good chance.,has,has,提醒：主语有every; many a; each或no 修饰或被 这些词修饰的并列成分做主语谓语用单数。,三、非谓语，细辨别,【2015 新课标全国II】 After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. 【2015 浙江】 I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. 【2015 四川】 I really want sha
9、re with you some of the problems I have been experiencing. Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars. 【 2015陕西】 I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.”,looking,sitting,to,singing,to,I caught him cheated in the exam. 【2012陕西】 I also shared with my fri
10、ends many photos taking in Bingjing. 【2013四川】 Mary, my best friend asked me to let her to copy my answers. He has never been heard speak ill of others.,cheating,taken,解决方案,除了并列谓语的存在，一个句子只能有一个谓语动词，如出现其他动词就必需转化成非谓语。 to do 表将来的主动动作。 done 被动，完成 doing 主动，进行,to,【2015新课标全国II】 A woman saw him crying and tel
11、ling him to wait outside the shop 提醒：看动词是充当谓语还是非谓语,told,四、名词数,【2015 新课标全国I】 The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier 【2015 新课标全国II】 One day , little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. A group of sheeps are eating grass and leaves at the foot of the hill. The book will give
12、you all the informations you need.,air,parents,sheep,information,单复数同形：fish; deer; sheep; means; Chinese; Japanese等,不可数：furniture ；fun；homework；paper；news；progress；trouble；advice; information; work（工作); equipment等,可数名词单数形式不单独使用，要么用复数要么前面加冠词,In their opinions, they should have more holidays. 记清一些用于固定
13、词组中名词的特殊用法如： in ones opinion keep ones word take measures to do sth. take action to do sth.,opinion,五、还要注意形和副,【2015 新课标全国I】 Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. Much rare animals are dying out 【2015 新课标全国II】 Dad and I were terrible worried.
14、 【2013浙江】 I am awfully tiring. 【2012全国新课标】 I learned that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.,serious,Many,terribly,tired,less,解决方案 .在系动词（be；感官系动词；become; go; turn等）后要常用形容词做表语。修饰名词也用形容词。 .修饰动词，形容词或整个句子用副词 .关注比较级和最高级的使用。,Unfortunate，there are too many people in my family.,Unfortunately,fo
15、rtunately，luckily，obviously，naturally，interestingly,【2013浙江】 I tried hardly to do it.,hard,六、 代词格，细领悟,1. 人称代词主格和宾格，物主代词的使用 反身代词oneself 的使用 3不定代词的使用 4Both,all,either,neither,none的使用.,I,me,we,us,you,you,you,you,he,him,she,her,it,it,they,them,yours,mine,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs,【2014辽宁】 We apprec
16、iate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter 【2013陕西】 We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake. 【 2012陕西】 I will recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing. 【 2012浙江】 I knew that they would be worried about myself.,your,mi
17、ne,me,our,【2013 四川】 I let her copy my answers . But after the test, all of us were called to the teachers office. 【2012 重庆】 How are you those days? I have been missing you very much. 【2012 重庆】 I was happy when the toys worked, but when things went wrong, I got angry and broke it. 【2013 浙江】 Dad lost
18、his job, and as Mom explained, “he was lucky to find other one”,both,these,them,another,考点剖析 此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面： 1) 代词指代的人或事物前后不一致的错误. 2) “it” 一词的不当使用(包括用于从句中或作形式主语或宾语). 3) 不定代词或反身代词的误用.,七、介词、短语要记住,主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，错误表现形式主要有多词、少词和搭配错误。,【2015 新课标全国II】 Tony saw a toy on a shop window. 【2015 新课标全国I】 Unf
19、ortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. 【2014 新课标全国I】 We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music.,in,with,to,lose my heart such many people,【2015 四川】 Please help with me and give me some advice. I carefully wrote down her ad
20、dress, phone number and the set time in case of I forget.,so,八、句子成分多分析,不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。这些都有待于我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。,【2015 新课标全国II】 he turned around and found where his parents were missing. 【2015 四川】 How do you think I should do? 【2014四川】 If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.,that,或,What,九、逻辑错误须关注,与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误常是这类错误的考查对象。,【2015 新课标全国I】 There the air is clean or the mountains are
