1、 The Attributive Clause The man _ is Liuxiang. who ran the fastest Liuxiang is the man _. who ran the fastest 刘翔刘翔 The man is Liuxiang. Liuxiang ran the fastest. a boy， has a scar， forehead Harry Porter is a boy _ _. who/that has a scar on his forehead The boy is Harry Porter. Harry Porter has a sca
2、r on his forehead. Beckham is a football player. He is handsome. Beckham is a football player, _. who is handsome Beckham, _ is handsome Who is a football player Changzhou is a cityChangzhou is a city _ _ _._. Changzhou a city develop fast which /that develops fast Zhou Jielun is a singer . His song
3、 is popular among young people. Zhou Jielun is a singer song is popular among young people. whose 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或者代词用作定语的 句子就叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词，叫 先行词。引导定语从句的词叫做 _ 或 _。 引导定语从句的关联词有： 定语从句 关系代词：who, whom whose, which, that 关系副词：when, where,why “关系代词” “关系副词” 定语从句的位置 定语从句一定放在被修饰的成分之后。 e.g. This is the car wh
4、ich he bought last year. 先行词 定语从句 Do you know the doctor? He spoke just now. Do you know the doctor who spoke just now? 现在我们将常用的关系代词关系代词的指代功能和在句 子中的句法功能总结如下： 关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接 （连接定语从句和主句）、替代（替代前面的 先行词）、成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的 句子成分）。 指代人指代人 指代物指代物 指代指代 人和人和 物物 主语主语（不可（不可 省略）省略） who/that which/that that 宾语宾语
5、 (可省略可省略) whom/who/that (有无介词有无介词) which/that that 定语定语 whose (= of whom) whose (= of which) 在从句 中的作用 指代 功能 He is the student _ you want to see. 关系代词 that, which, whom 在从句中作 宾语时可省略掉。但放在介词后面时则 不可省略，有介词的时候不用that。 (whom, who, that) 定语从句三步：定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词第一找出先行词 第二看先行词在定语从句中的第二看先行词在定语从句中的 语法功能（做主语、宾语或定语
6、）语法功能（做主语、宾语或定语） 第三选择合适的关系词第三选择合适的关系词 关系代词关系代词: : 1. who指人指人, ,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语 ( (作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略） The man who I talked with is our teacher. 和我谈话的那个人，是我们的老师。和我谈话的那个人，是我们的老师。 2. whom指人指人, ,作宾语作宾语 ( (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略, , 如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省) The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li. 我对他点头的那个男人是李先生。我对他点头的那个男人是李先生
7、。 当先行词是当先行词是 one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none, those 等等, 指人时一般用指人时一般用 who,不用不用 that。 e.g. Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. 3. which 指物，指物，作主语或宾语作主语或宾语 ( (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略, , 如如介词提前则不能省介词提前则不能省) ) These are the trees which were planted last year. This r
8、ecorder （which） he is using is made in Japan. 这些是去年种植的树。这些是去年种植的树。 这个他正在使用的录音机是日本产的。这个他正在使用的录音机是日本产的。 4. that 指人指人/ /物，物，作主语或宾语作主语或宾语 ( (作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略） A plane is a machine. It can fly. A plane is a machine that can fly. He is the man. I told you about him. He is the man (that/who/whom) I told you a
9、bout. 5.5.whose 在定从中在定从中作定语作定语，表所属关系，表所属关系， 翻译为翻译为“他的“他的/ /她的她的/ /它的”它的”，用来代替，用来代替 his， her，their，its. whose指人也指物，指人也指物， 指物时指物时 = of which 指人时指人时 = of whom This is the book cover is blue. This is the book the cover is blue. 这是一本蓝色封面的书。这是一本蓝色封面的书。 whosewhose of whichof which 1. who指指_,_,作作_（成分）（成分） 2
10、. whom指指_,_,作作_（成分）（成分） 3. which 指指_，作作_（成分）（成分） 4. that 指指_，作，作_（成分）（成分） 5.5.whose作作_(_(成分成分) )，表，表_关系，关系，译译 为为_，用来代替，用来代替 _ ._ . whose指人也指物，指人也指物， 指物时指物时 = _ 指人时指人时 = _ 人人 主、宾主、宾 人人 宾宾 主、宾主、宾 主、宾主、宾 物物 人、物人、物 定语定语 所属所属 “他的他的/她的她的/它的”它的”， His/her/their/its of which of whom 如何选择关系代词如何选择关系代词? ? who ,
11、whom, whose, which, that 口诀口诀: : 前看前看先行词先行词, , 辩清人或物辩清人或物 后看后看从句里从句里, , 有无主宾语有无主宾语 This is the film which I saw last night. This is the film whose name is Titanic . The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy . Here are two pictures that are taken from the film . Jack and Luc
12、y are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film . the Attributive Clausethe Attributive Clause whowho指指herohero和和heroineheroine，作主语，作主语 whomwhom指指manman和和womanwoman，作宾语，作宾语 whosewhose指指电影的电影的，作定语，作定语 thatthat指图片，作主语指图片，作主语 whichwhich指指电影电影，作宾语，作宾语 用适当的关系代词填空用适当的关系代词填空： 1. T
13、his is the house _ was built last year 2. The boy _ we saw yesterday was Johns brother. 3. The car _ my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. 4. That is the man _ we were looking for. which/that (whom/that/who) (which/that) (whom/ that) 考点：考点：thatthat和和whichwhich的选择的选择 (1) that(1) t
14、hat指物时一般可以与指物时一般可以与whichwhich互换，但在下列情况互换，但在下列情况 引导词只用引导词只用thatthat，不用，不用whichwhich。 当先行词为当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，如：等不定代词时，如： a. All that can be done has been done. b. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow. c. There is little (that
15、) the enemy can do besides surrender. 先行词被先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时修饰时： Ive read all the books (that) you gave me. 考点：考点：thatthat和和whichwhich的选择的选择 先行词是先行词是序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰时。修饰时。 This is the best book (that) Ive ever read. This is the first composition (that) he has writte
16、n in English. 先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the last the only, the very, the last 修饰时。修饰时。 That white flower is the only one (that) I really like. This is the very book (that) I want to find. 当有两个或两个以上分别表示当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物人和物的先行词时，这个定的先行词时，这个定 语从句要用语从句要用thatthat而不用而不用who (whom)who (whom)和和whichwhich引导。
17、如：引导。如： He talked about the teachers and schools （that） he had visited. 这是我看过的最好的一本书。这是我看过的最好的一本书。 这是他用英文写的第一篇作文。 先行词是疑问词先行词是疑问词who, which, what 时，定语从句用时，定语从句用that 而不用而不用who, (whom)和和which引导。引导。 考点：考点：thatthat和和whichwhich的选择的选择 Who is the person that is standing at the gate? Which of us that knows s
18、omething about physics does not know this? What that is on the table belongs to me? 当关系代词在从句中作表语时：当关系代词在从句中作表语时： Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. China is no longer the country that it used to be. 考点：考点：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 对这两个词作如下归纳：对这两个词作如下归纳： 1、如果定语放主句后，即引用、如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用
19、也可以用which. He failed to the exam, as (=which) is natural. She seems a scientist, as (=which) in fact she is. Grammar is not a dead rule, which (=as) I have said before. 2 2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用如果从句在主句前，这时要用asas而不用而不用whichwhich 引导定语从句。引导定语从句。如：如： As we all know, his parents were killed in the war. As we all
20、 know, the earth is round. 3.用于用于the sameas,suchas， asas, soas中，中，一般用一般用as。 e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. This is the same book as I lent you yesterday. 4.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如代表前面主句意思时，有“正如 正像”之意，而正像”之意，而 which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect, know, see, think, want, suppose等，等， whic
21、h可以代表可以代表整个句子整个句子的内容，有“这一点，这件事”之的内容，有“这一点，这件事”之 意。意。 He won the match, as we had expected. He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected. He came back late, which made his mother worried. 考点：考点：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 Here is so big a stone as no man can lift. 专题专练专题专练 1. Do you think such a place _
22、you speak of is worth visiting? 2.He promised to come to see me on purpose on Sunday, _ I doubt very much. 3. There is a lake near our schoolyard, _ depth is out of your expectation. 4. -Do you have anything in mind _ youd like for supper? - Well, anything is Ok for me. 5. The house in _ he used to
23、live has turned into a library. as which whose that which = the lakes 6. Students in our school, most of _ are from the south of China, enjoy rice very much. 7. _ is often the case, teachers in our school usually return to school on Sunday evenings. 8. Which is the road _ leads to the village _ you
24、were born? 9. The newcomer is from Jiangxi, _ I can tell from his accent. whom As that where which Correct the sentences: _ that 7. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us. 1.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from. 2. The student whos book I had borrowed didnt
25、come to school today. 3. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory. 4. It is the one of the best films which have been shown recently. 5.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou 6.Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky. _ as _ Whose that _ that
26、 _ _ that _ As 巩固练习：巩固练习：Correct the mistakes 8.Under the big tree are 34 students,many of them come from class two. 9. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible. 10. This is the red pen, that you gave to me before. 11. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick. whom whose who which
27、 _ 1. All _ we need is to be supplied with food and clothing. A. what B. that C. which D. whom 2.The man_talked to you just now is an engineer. A. who B. whose C. which D. what Exercises: 3. Can you tell me the name of the factory_ you visited last week? A. what B. in where C. / D. when 4. The most
28、important thing_ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said. A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that 5. She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons_ none of us has ever heard of. A. which B. who C. whom D. that 6. Who is the person_ is talkin
29、g about the accident _ happened on Highway 104? A.which; which B. who; what C. that; that D. what; what 1._ is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. what as,whichas,which引导的非限制性定引导的非限制性定 语从句的区别：语从句的区别：1. 1.位置：位置：as as 句首，句中；句首，句中；whichwhich主句之
30、主句之 后后 2. 2. 含义：含义：as as 正如，像；正如，像； which which 那个那个/ /件件 2.The famous basketball star, _ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. A. where B. when C. which D. who 3. Her sister has become a lawyer, _ she wanted to be. A.who B. that C.what D.which 34 when, where, why 关系副词关系副词 先行词先行词 在
31、从句中的成分在从句中的成分 when 时间时间 时间时间状语状语 where 地点地点 地点地点状语状语 why reason 原因原因状语状语 引导定语从句的关系副词引导定语从句的关系副词 1. when 表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的 名词，如名词，如: time, day, hour, year等。等。 2. where 表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的 名词，如名词，如 place, factory, house, village等等 3. why 表示原因，其先行词一般是表示原因，其先行词一般是reason.
32、关系副词关系副词 When=(on, at, in, during)+ which where=(in, at, on) +which Why=for +which （三）关系副词与介词（三）关系副词与介词+关系代词的替代关系代词的替代 关系副词与介词+关系代词的替代 用关系副词用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，时，先行词指时间，when在定在定 语从句中作时间状语，语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词可换成“介词+关系关系 代词”。如：代词”。如： I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing. M
33、y father was born in the year when (= in which) World War broke out. 1. when 1. when 用关系副词用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，时，先行词指地点，where在定在定 语从句中作地点状语，语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词可换成“介词+关系关系 代词”。如：代词”。如： This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young. The school where (= in which) his mother teaches i
34、s in the west of the city. 2. where 2. where 用关系副词用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，时，先行词指原因，why在定语在定语 从句中作原因状语，从句中作原因状语，why可换成“可换成“for+which”。”。 如：如： There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished. Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school. 3. why 3. w
35、hy that/which or where/when/why 在定语从句中在定语从句中作状语作状语还是还是作主语作主语 / /宾语宾语 1. This is the museum _ my mother worked 10 years ago. (worked in the museum 地点状语地点状语) This is the museum _ was built in 1950. (the museum was build) （museum 主主 语语） where which 2. I remember the days _ I lived in my home town. (I l
36、ived in my home town during the days 作状语）作状语） I remember the days _ I spent with my grandpa. （I spent the days with . the days作宾作宾 语语） when which 3. The house _ were going to visit was built a century ago. (visit the house) The house _ used to be a temple is a school now. (the house used to be a tem
37、ple) The house _ he used to live was flooded. ( he used to live in the house) (which / that ) which / that where 7. Look at that lady _ name is Rose. 8. He is a teacher _ I like very much. 9. Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice. 10. Those _will go to the park stay here. 11. That was all the
38、money _I had. whose whom/who/that which/that who that 12. Is there any one here _ name is Tom? 13. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school. 14. Who _ has common sense will do such a thing. 15. I dont know the way _ he worked out. 16. The person to_ you just talked is Mr. Li. whose that that that/in which whom
