1、Section Learning About Language .核心词汇及拓展 1_ n. (pl. _)架子；搁板 2_ n核心；精髓；(水果的)核儿 3_ n诗；韵文；诗节 4_ n散文 5_ n版本；(从不同角度的)说法 6_ n时代；年代；纪元 7_ n种子；起源；萌芽 8_ adj.首要的；占支配地位的；显著的 shelf shelves core verse prose version era seed dominant 9_ n十四行诗 10_ n平民；老百姓 _ adj.平民的；公民的 11_ n天真；单纯；无罪 _ adj.天真无邪的；无辜的；无恶意的 12_ n来往信件；
2、通信联系 _ vi.相一致；符合；相当于；通信 13_ v (过去式_；过去分词_)播种；种 sonnet civilian civil innocence innocent correspondence correspond sow sowed sowed/sown 14_ n樱桃；樱桃树；樱桃色 adj.樱桃色的； 鲜红色的 15_ adj.空白的；无图画的；没表情的 n空 白；空格 16_ n同情；赞同_ adj.同情的，有同 情心的；赞同的 cherry blank sympathy sympathetic .核心词汇讲解 1blank adj.无图画(或韵律、装饰)的；空白的；没表情
3、 的；n.C(文件等的)空白处，空格；sing(记忆中的)空白；遗 忘 Suddenly the screen went blank.屏幕突然变成一片空白。 Write on one side of the paper and leave the other side blank. 写在纸的一面，把另一面空出来。 She stared at me with a blank expression on her face. 她木然地盯着我。 If you cant answer the question, leave a blank. 你如果回答不了这个问题，就空着它。 My mind was a
4、 blank and I couldnt remember her name. 我的脑子里一片空白，记不起她的名字了。 即学即练 判断下列句子中blank的词性及含义 Jim was watching a late- night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling (惊险的) scene, the television went blank._ The professor could tell by the blank look in Marias eyes that she didnt understand a sing
5、le word of his lecture._ Put a word in each blank to complete the sentence._ adj.无图画的 adj.没表情的 n.空白处 2sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的；招人喜 爱的 (1)feel sympathetic to/towards sb. 对某人感到同情 (2)sympathy n. 同情；赞同 have/feel sympathy for sb. 对某人怀着/感到同情 in sympathy with. 对表示支持 (3)sympathetically adv. 同情地；怜悯地 Cla
6、ire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot. 克莱尔觉得，机器人竟然会对她表示同情，这有点荒唐可 笑。 I wish hed show me a little more sympathy. 我多希望他能再体谅我一点。 It is really a sad situation, and I feel sympathy for the people involved.这一情况真令人难过，我对身陷其中的人们深 表同情。 The seamen went on strike in sympathy with the do
7、ckers. 海员举行罢工，以表示对码头工人的支持。 He is looking at her sympathetically.他同情地望着她。 即学即练 翻译句子 He took a sympathetic attitude towards my situation. _ The flood victims have received both sympathy and assistance from the international community during the flood season. _ 他对我的境遇表示同情。 在洪灾期间，灾民收到了来自国际社会的同情和帮助。 Quit
8、e a number of people are out of sympathy with him on that point. _ We are in sympathy with his plan and arrangement. _ 在那一点上，许多人不赞同他的看法。 我们支持他的计划和安排。 3correspondence n来往信件；通信联系 (1)corresponding adj. 相应的；相关的 (2)correspond vi. 相一致；符合；相当于；通信 correspond to/with sth. 与某物相一致/符合 correspond to sth. 类似于/相当于某
9、物 correspond with sb. 和某人通信 personal/private correspondence私人来往信件 the correspondence column/page读者来信专栏 I think you can do it via correspondence. 我认为你可以通过通信来实现。 Any correspondence or information might help us. 任何来往信件或信息都可能帮助我们。 The two sisters correspond every week. 这两姐妹每周都通信。 These goods dont corres
10、pond with/to the list of those I ordered. 这些货物与我的订货单不相符。 The gills of a fish correspond to our lungs. 鱼的鳃相当于我们的肺。 即学即练 单句语法填空/翻译句子 Do you still correspond _ your penfriend? The Congress (国会) in the US corresponds _ the Parliament (议会) in the UK. Let your actions correspond _ your words. with to with
11、/to We have been in correspondence for years. _ Your account of the events does not correspond with his. _ The British job of Lecturer corresponds roughly to the US Associate Professor. _ 我们保持通信联系多年了。 你对事情的陈述与他说的不相符。 英国的讲师职位大致相当于美国的副教授。 Discover useful structures Grammar定语从句定语从句 诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性 1He
12、re comes the girl who wants to see you. 2Rose is the person whom you should look after. 3Please pass me the book whose cover is green. 4Winter is the time of year when the day is short while the night is long. 5This is the reason why he left in a hurry. 6Whats that which he asked for? 7He gets into
13、a situation where it is hard to tell what is right or wrong. 8China is a country which has a long history. 共性呈现 1所有画线部分均为定语从句。 2句1、2、3、6、8的定语从句由关系代词引导，句4、 5、7的定语从句由关系副词引导。 3句1、8中的引导词在定语从句中作主语；句2、6中的引 导词在定语从句中作宾语；句3中的引导词在定语从句中作定 语；句4、5、7中的引导词在定语从句中作状语。 语法精释 定语从句 定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词等引导的从句，其作用 是作定语修饰主句的某个名
14、词性成分，相当于形容词。定语从 句的三要素：先行词、关系词、关系词在从句中作的成分。 1定语从句的分类 (1)限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰和限定的作用，如果把它去掉，主句不能 表达明确的含义，先行词与关系词之间不用逗号隔开。 People who take physical exercise usually live longer.进行体 育锻炼的人通常更长寿。(若把从句去掉，主句就失去了意义) (2)非限制性定语从句 对先行词或主句起补充说明作用，如果把它去掉，主句的 意义完整不受影响，常用逗号与先行词隔开。 His daughter, who is in Boston now, is c
15、oming home next week. 他的女儿现在在波士顿，下个星期回来。(若把从句去掉，主句 意义仍然完整) 即学即练1 在空白处填入1个适当的关系词 The teachers are discussing the plan _ they would like to see carried out next year. The Chinese restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. There is a big change from the late 1970
16、s in China, _ people began leaving China for study and work. Helen managed to go to university by borrowing money from the bank, _ turned out to be a wise decision. that/which which when which 2关系代词引导定语从句 定语从句中，关系代词有that，which，who，whom， whose，as。 (1)指人：who，whom This is the stranger who helped us tod
17、ay. 这就是那位今天帮助过我们的陌生人。 Lily is the person with whom I am working. 莉莉是同我一起工作的人。 (2)指物：which It was a prison from which no one escaped. 那是一座任何人都逃不出去的监狱。 Julie is good at German, French and Russian, all of which she speaks fluently.朱莉擅长德语、法语和俄语，这些语言她都 说得很流利。 注意常用which的情况 关系代词前有介词时； 先行词本身是that，those时； 引导
18、非限制性定语从句时。 (3)既可指人，又可指物：that，whose，as We talked about the people and things that we remembered. 我们谈论了我们记得的人和事。 The boy whose father works abroad is my roommate.爸爸在 国外工作的那个男孩是我室友。 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.他是这样一 个受我们所有人尊敬的人。 注意 (1)as引导定语从句常被译为“正如”，也可以放在固定搭 配中：such.as.意为“像一样的”，a
19、s/so.as.意为 “像一样”。 (2) the same as与the same that的区别：as指同类事物；that 指同一事物。 She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago.她身 上穿的大衣和我几天前丢的一样。(同一类) She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago.她正 穿着我几天前所丢失的那件大衣。(同一件) (3)常用that的情况 先行词是anything，everything，every，nothing，any， something，few，n
20、o，all，much，none，little，some等不定代 词或被不定代词修饰时。 Ive read all the books that are about this matter. 我已经阅读了所有与这件事有关的书。 Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said? 你已经把李先生所说的话全部记下来了吗？ 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 The last place that we visited in Beijing was the Great Wall. 我们在北京参观的最后一个地方是长城。 This is the best f
21、ood that I have eaten. 这是我吃过的最好吃的食物。 当先行词被the very，the only，the same等修饰时。 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我想买的那种字典。 After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 他的房子失火后，这辆旧车是他拥有的唯一一样东西了。 当先行词前面有who，which等疑问代词修饰时，为了避 免重复用that。 Who is the person that is
22、standing at the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ 当先行词既有人又有物时。 Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learnt？你记得我们学过的那位科学家和他的理论吗？ (4)“介词关系代词”结构 “介词关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句和非限制性 定语从句。 先行词指物时，关系代词用which；先行词指人时，关系代 词用whom。 Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.
23、风能是一种古老的能源，在不久的将 来，我们可能会重新利用它。 In her class there are 46 students, from whom I can learn a lot. 她的班上有46名学生，我可以从他们那里学很多东西。 即学即练2 用适当的关系代词填空/改正下面句子中的错 误 My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. Lady, is the watch yours? I am sure this is the same watch _ I was
24、looking for. There is a Mickey Mouse on it. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. whose that who/that who _ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing. The bike and its rider _ had ru
25、n over an old man were taken to the police station. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected. As that whose The mountain, _ name means “flowers and fruit”， attracts millions of tourists every year thanks to its mythical character and beautiful scenery.
26、 Many students got high marks this time, only few of them are boys. _ The only language which is easy to learn is the mother tongue. _ Eric received training in computer for one year, after that he found a job in a big company. _ whose themwhom或在only前加but whichthat thatwhich或after前加and 3关系副词引导定语从句 定
27、语从句中，关系副词有when，where，why。 (1)when的用法 when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，先行词通常为表 示时间的名词。 I will never forget the day when we met there.我永远不会忘记 我们在那里相见的那一天。 (2)where的用法 where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词通常为表 示地点的名词。 There is a nest where the birds live.这里有一个鸟居住的巢。 注意关系副词where的先行词可以是一些表示抽象地点概 念的名词，如case，situation，point，stage，p
28、osition等。 (3)why的用法 why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词一般为 reason。 The reason why he was late was that he got up late.他迟到的原 因是他起晚了。 注意当定语从句的先行词是the reason时，如何判断关系 词用that/which还是why：分析从句是否缺少主语、宾语或表 语，如果缺少，使用关系词that/which；如果不缺少，则使用关 系词why。 The reason that she gave for being late was that her car broke down on the
29、way.她给出的迟到原因是她的车在路上抛锚了。 The reason why he was absent was that he went shopping in town that day.他缺席的原因是那天他去城里购物了。 即学即练3 用适当的关系副词填空/改正下面句子中的错 误 We are just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. We are living in an age _ many things are done by computer. The reason _ he
30、 failed was his laziness. Fishing in shallow water in autumn, _ the water temperature is relatively high, does make sense. where when why where More of us are using headphones in noisier environments, _ we may turn up the volume to potentially dangerous levels. This is the place where I visited a fe
31、w days ago. _ I will never forget the days that we studied and played together. _ where wherethat/which或去掉where thatwhen .单词拼写(用本部分所学单词) 1If your mind goes b_， try not to panic. Instead, do your best to calm down. 2I wonder whether this dictionary is available in an electronic _ (版本) 3It is in bad t
32、imes that we highly value the support and _(同情) of our friends. 4The boy lying on the ground lied to me that he had laid the books on the _ (架子) 5The written record of our conversation doesnt _ (相一致) to what was actually said. There are a lot of mistakes. blank version sympathy shelf/shelves corresp
33、ond .单句语法填空 1They put me in prison, but in the end I was proved _ (innocence) 2Scientists are convinced _ the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health. 3The ordinary people all look at the intelligent man with _ (admire) because under no circumstances will he fail to cope with emerg
34、encies. 4Steve Jobs is a key figure in the computer industry, and he has had a great influence _ modern life and technology. innocent of admiration on/upon .用适当的词填空 1How medicine works in the human body is a question _ not everyone can understand fully. 2I have seen most of the greatest buildings in
35、 the world _ are famous on the Internet. 3This novel is popular with those _ were born in the 1980s. 4As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _ he should be able to be independent. which/that that who when 5The thought of going back home was all _ kept him happy whil
36、e he was working abroad. 6Although modern technology could help produce more crops, these terraces (梯田) still mean a lot to the local people _ whom traditions are of great value. 7The professor always spends the whole day in the bookshop _ which he found a new dictionary yesterday. 8In the morning,
37、two artists, _ acting skills are wonderful, came to our school as planned. that to in whose 9When you start your journey of positive thinking, you shall meet wonderful people, with _ you can share positive attitudes. 10One of Chinas six famous tea types is white tea, _ gets its name from its silver-
38、 white color. 11In China, a teahouse is a place _ people gather to enjoy tea, chat and socialize. 12Power walking uses both upper and lower body strength, _ results in stronger muscles and bones. whom which where which 13When I have trouble, he is the first one _ whom I can receive help. 14The man _ I am going to meet at the station is Professor Smith. 15One reason _ Billy Crystal is popular with all age groups is that he is quick- thinking and has the ability to amuse the audience. from whom/that/who why
