1、Section Using language .核心词汇 1_ n. 帮助；福利 2_ n. 心理，心理过程 3_ adj. 外表的，表面的 4_ adj. 胆小的，胆怯的 5_ n. 胆小鬼；懦夫 6_ adj. 好读书的，书呆子气的 7_ n. 研究的结果；发现 8_ n. (尤指体型庞大或危险的)野兽 welfare psychology outward timid coward bookish finding beast .拓展词汇 1_ n假定，假设_ vt.假定；认为；承担 (责任)；就(职)_ 对作出假设 2_ n积蓄_ vt.& vi.储蓄；攒钱 3_ adj.可怕的_ n惊吓
2、；恐怖 _ vt.使惊吓，使害怕_ adj.受惊的；害怕的 _ adj.令人害怕的；吓人的 4_ adj.丑陋的；骇人的_ n怪物 5_ adj.正派的，正直的_ n正当；公正 6_ adj.忠贞的，忠实的，忠诚的_ 对 忠诚_ adj.不忠诚的_ n忠诚 assumption assume make assumption about saving save frightful fright frighten frightened frightening monstrous monster righteous right loyal be loyal to disloyal loyalty .
3、重点短语 1_ 假设 2_ 适用于；向申请 3_ 秘密地 4_ 创造记录 5_ 把变成 6_ 认为是 7_ 寻找 8_ 事实上 make assumptions about apply to in secret set records transform. into. regard. as. in ones search for in reality .重点句型 She also set a national record as the oldest enlisted woman _， at the age of 51. 她还创造了一项国家纪录，成为最年长的跳伞女兵，那时她 51岁。 to d
4、o a parachute jump 第一版块第一版块|重点词汇诠释重点词汇诠释 1.assumption n假定，假设 (1)make assumptions about 对作出假设 on the assumption that. 假定 (2)assume v. assume that. 假设 It is generally assumed that. 普遍认为 Put your best foot forward and work on the assumption that there is an acceptable solution to every problem you are
5、likely to face. 要尽力而为，要相信你可能遇到的每个问题都会有一个适当 的解决方案。 Lets assume that theyre coming and make plans on that basis. 我们假定他们会来，并以此来作出计划。 It is generally assumed that he is very honest.人们普遍认为 他很诚实。 即学即练 单句语法填空 It _ (assume) that nature involves an orderly regulated system. Traditional exercise like sit- ups
6、 is great for strengthening the body, _ (assume) that you do it properly. Looking back on the historical inventions, we can find that creative inventors always made an _ (assume) that was not based on any tradition. It was impossible to make assumptions _ peoples reactions. is assumed assuming assum
7、ption about 联想拓展： assuming conj. 假设，假定 assuming that 2.sensitive adj.敏感的；易生气的；易受影响的；过敏的；体 贴的；体恤的；善解人意的；棘手的，需谨慎对待的 (1)be sensitive about sth. 在意某事 (2)be sensitive to 对敏感 Shes very sensitive about her weight.她对自己的体重很敏 感。 Representatives of the company claim their plan will be sensitive to local needs.
8、 公司代表们说，他们的计划会照顾到当地的需要。 即学即练 完成句子 老年人在冬天需要特别照顾，因为他们对天气的突然变化 很敏感。 The elderly need special care in winter, as they _ the sudden change of weather. 以后再讨论这个问题会明智很多。 It would be _ to talk about it later. 与他的姐姐相比，杰瑞更加敏感，更容易被情感和人际关 系问题困扰。 Compared with his sister, Jerry is even _， and more easily troubled
9、 by emotional and relationship problems. are sensitive to much more sensible more sensitive 联想拓展： sensitive的反义词： insensitive adj.麻木不仁的；漠不关心的 sensible adj.明智的；合理的；可察觉到的 第二版块第二版块|重点句型解构重点句型解构 (教材P5)She also set a national record as the oldest enlisted woman to do a parachute jump, at the age of 51. 她还
10、创造了一项国家纪录，成为最年长的跳伞女兵，那时她 51岁。 该句中to do a parachute jump作后置定语修饰woman。 不定式(短语)作后置定语时，被修饰词通常是不定式动作的发 出者。被修饰词前通常有only, next，序数词或形容词最高级修 饰。 Charles was the only person to reach the conclusion.查尔斯是 唯一一位得出此结论的人。 I am waiting for the next train to arrive.我在等下一辆到站的 火车。 He is always the first one to arrive at
11、 school.他总是第一个到 学校的人。 即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作 He was the best man _ (do) the job. Denmark is the first country _ (discover) amber. 要想成功，首先要做的是热爱你所做的事。 _ _ to do to discover To be successful, the first thing to do is fall in love with what you are doing. 词语联想： set sb./sth. free 释放 set sb./sth. doing. 使做起来 s
12、et about (doing) sth. 开始(做)某事 set aside 把放一边/留出/不考虑/搁置 set down the rules 制定规则 set.down 记下 set off 出发；引起；使爆炸 set out 出发；开始 第三版块第三版块|语法语法主语从句主语从句 新知导引 阅读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性 1That he likes books of this kind is very interesting. 2Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
13、 3What he said is irrelevant to the topic we are discussing. 4When they will come hasnt been made public. 5Its reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake. 6Its not decided who will give the patient an operation. 共性呈现 1所有画线部分为主语从句。 2位于句首的由that, whether, what, when引导的句子为真正的 主语(1、2、3、4句)。 3位
14、于句首的it是形式主语，由that, who引导的位于句末的从 句为真正的主语(5、6句)。 语法精释 一、主语从句概述 主语从句即在主从复合句中作主语的从句。主语从句通常由 连词that, whether/if，连接代词(what, which, who等)或连接副词 (when, where, why, how等)引导。 What caused the accident is a complete mystery. 是什么导致了这次事故还完全是一个谜。 Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否来还是一个问题。 Which t
15、eam will win the match is still unknown. 哪个队会赢得这场比赛还不知道。 二、从属连词that, whether/if引导的主语从句 连接词that本身没有意义，不作句子成分，that不能省略； whether/if尽管不充当句子成分，但是含有“是否”的意思，可以 加上“or not”，其语意不变。若主语从句位于句首或和or not连用 时，则必须用连接词whether，而不用if。 That they will go is certain.他们去是肯定的。 Whether shes coming or not doesnt matter too muc
16、h. 她来不来没有多大关系。 即学即练1 单句语法填空 (1)_ you will have an answer is certain. (2)_ she was chosen made us very happy. That That 三、it作形式主语引导主语从句 如果主语从句太长，为避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可用it作 形式主语。that引导的主语从句可用it代替，that不可省略。that引 导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，常见句型有： Itbe形容词 (necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)that从 句。
17、 It is wonderful that all of you have passed the difficult exam! 你们都通过了这次很难的考试真令人高兴！ Itbe名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/a surprise/no wonder等) that从句。 It is a pity that you have missed the wonderful lecture. 你错过了这么精彩的演讲真遗憾。 Itbe过去分词(said/told/reported/decided/suggested等) that从句。 It is suggested that the lab
18、building (should) be built next year. 有人建议实验楼明年修建。 It特殊动词(seems/appears/happens/matters)that从句。 It appears that they have made the same mistake. 好像他们犯了同样的错误。 温馨提示：(1)在以下主语从句中，常使用虚拟语气，即 “should动词原形”形式，其中的should可以省略。 It is necessary/strange/important/natural.that. It is a pity that. It is suggested/re
19、quested/required/proposed/desired.that. (2)whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句末，但if 引导的主语从句只能放在句末，且前面需用it作形式主语。 Whether it is true remains a question. 这是否是真的依然是个问题。 It is unknown if he will attend the meeting. 他是否会参加会议还不清楚。 即学即练2 单句语法填空 (1)_ is obvious that youve made a big mistake. (2)She works so hard. _ is
20、 certain that she will do very well in the exam. (3)It is necessary that you _ (remember) these English words. It It (should) remember 四、由连接代词引导的主语从句 1关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导主语从句时，它们分别在从句中担任 主语、宾语或定语(whose)，不能省略。 Whoever leaves the room last ought
21、 to turn off the lights. 走得最晚的应当关灯。 What you have done might do harm to other people. 你的行为可能伤害别人。 2what引导主语从句表示“的东西/事情”时，等同于 the thing(s) which/that。what, who, whom, which，可以和ever构成 合成词引导从句，ever起强调作用。这些关系词在句子中充当成 分，所以不能省略。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导。 What I need (The thing which/that I need) is a mobile phone
22、. 我所需要的是一部移动电话。 Whoever leaves the office should tell me. 无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我。 即学即练3 单句语法填空 (1)_ broke the glass yesterday is not clear. (2)_ breaks the law should be punished. (3)_ of you gets there first will get the prize. Who Whoever Which 五、连接副词引导的主语从句 连接副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever,
23、wherever 等引导主语从句时，它们在从句中担任状语，不能省略。 How a telephone works is a question which not everyone can answer. 电话是怎样工作的，这个问题并不是每个人都能回答。 即学即练4 单句语法填空 (1)_ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. (2)Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. H
24、ow when 六、主语从句不可位于句首的四种情况 1含主语从句的复合句是疑问句、感叹句时，主语从句不可 提前，用引导词it作形式主语。 It is really true that he has gone abroad? 他真的出国了吗？ 2It is said/reported.结构中的主语从句不可提前。 Its said that the play is very interesting. 据说这部戏剧很有趣。 3It happens/occurs.结构中的主语从句不可提前。 It occurs to her that she has forgotten to lock the door
25、. 她突然想起忘了锁门。 4It doesnt matter how/whether or not.结构中的主语从句不可 提前。 It doesnt matter how he will come. 他怎么来不重要。 .单词拼写 1He put all his s_ into buying an apartment in the center of the city. 2The program has lived up to its promise to promote public _ (福利) 3The scientists also made field observations tha
26、t supported these laboratory _ (发现) 4You shouldnt make an _ (假定) that is not based on any fact. 5Compared with her sister, Mary is even more _ (敏感 的) to what people think of her. saving welfare finding assumption sensitive .用方框内短语的适当形式填空(有两项为多余选项) 1We thought he was serious but _ he was joking. 2Run
27、ning burns calories faster than walking. _， running for half an hour burns about twice the calories of a half- hour walking. 3He wore a hidden microphone to record their conversations _. 4_， parents should never lose sight of the side- effects of computer games on their children. 5According to the s
28、cientists, some plants _ temperature and they can only survive in cool places. in reality For instance in secret To sum up are sensitive to .用适当的词填空 1_ hit me that I had to attend an important meeting in Shanghai the next day. 2It is said _ he is focusing on a book on space exploration. But _ it wil
29、l come out is up in the air. 3Dont worry. _ he will offer us help doesnt matter a lot. 4She has been working for nearly four hours, so _ she needs to do now is to have a good rest. 5_ he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us. It that when Whether what That 6_ will be made the cap
30、tain of our team is still unknown, but one thing is certain: _ is put in this position is to lead us out of the present difficulty. 7_ you can make your dream come true depends on hard work more than luck. 8_ people spend so much money on their pets surprised us a lot. 9It is a fact _ English has be
31、en accepted as an international language. 10_ enters the computer rooms should take off his shoes in order to keep them clean enough. Who whoever Whether That that Whoever 11_ made his father angry was that he lied rather than made mistakes. 12_ is proved is that animals and insects have their own languages. 13_ Im concerned about most is _ we can collect a huge amount of money in such a short time. 14_ the child formed the habit of playing computer games made his mother angry. 15We believe _ you have been devoted to is naturally of great necessity. What What What how/whether That what
