1、单单 词词 名名 词词 指人：指人：beauty, Christian, ancestor, fool, hunter, poet 其它：其它：harvest, feast, celebration, origin, Mexico, bone, belief, independence, trick, arrival, Easter, agriculture, award, rooster, clothing, custom, permission, parking, sadness 动动 词词 starve, gain, gather, admire, apologize, drown, w
2、ipe, weep, remind, forgive 形形 容容 词词 religious, independent, agricultural, energetic, worldwide, obvious 短短 语语 词词 汇汇 表表 take place, in memory of, dress up, play a trick on, look forward to, day and night, as though, have fun with, turn up, keep ones word, hold ones breath, set off, remind . of . 课课 文
3、文 ancient times, in the shape of, get together, be proud of, for a little while, throw away 句句 式式 either to . or to . 例句：例句：Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. 语语 法法 情态动词情态动词can, could, may, might, will, would, shall,
4、 should, must, cant的用法的用法 (一一) 基本单词基本单词 1. _ vi. 饿得要死饿得要死 2. _ n. 信任信任; 信心信心; 信仰信仰 3. _ n.诡计诡计; 恶作剧恶作剧; 窍门窍门 vt. 欺骗欺骗; 诈骗诈骗 4. _ n. vt. 收割收割 5. _ n. 美美，美人美人 6. _ n. 庆祝庆祝，庆贺庆贺 7. _ n. 狩猎者狩猎者，猎人猎人 starve belief trick harvest beauty celebration hunter 8. _ vt. 获得获得; 得到得到 9. _ vt. 集合集合; 聚集聚集 10. _ n. 奖奖
5、; 奖品奖品 vt.授予授予; 判定判定 11. _ adj. 充满活力的充满活力的; 精力充沛的精力充沛的; 积积 极的极的 12. _ adj. 明显的明显的; 显而易见的显而易见的 13. _ n. 祖先祖先，祖宗祖宗 14. _ n. 墨西哥墨西哥 15. _ n. 节日节日，盛宴盛宴 16. _ n. 骨骨; 骨头骨头 17. _ n. 诗人诗人 gain gather award energetic obvious ancestor Mexico feast bone poet 18. _ n. 到来到来，到达到达，到达者到达者 19. _ n. 雄禽；公鸡雄禽；公鸡 20. _
6、n. 复活节复活节 21. _ n. 衣服衣服 22. _ n. 基督徒；信徒基督徒；信徒 adj. 基督教的基督教的，信基督教的信基督教的 23. _ n. 习惯；风俗习惯；风俗 24. _ adj. 遍及全世界的遍及全世界的，世界性的世界性的 25. _ n. 愚人愚人，白痴白痴，受骗者受骗者 adj. 傻的傻的 vt. 愚弄愚弄，欺骗欺骗 vi. 干傻事干傻事，开玩笑开玩笑 Easter arrival rooster clothing Christian custom worldwide fool 26. _ n. 停放停放 27. _ vt. 使想起使想起 32. _ vt. 原谅原
7、谅; 饶恕饶恕 sadness parking drown wipe remind weep forgive (二二) 派生单词派生单词 33. _ n. 起源起源; 由来由来; 起因起因_ adj. 原始的原始的; 最初的最初的 34. _ adj. 宗教上的宗教上的; 信奉宗教的信奉宗教的; 虔诚虔诚 的的_ n. 宗教信仰宗教信仰 35. _ n. 农业农业; 农艺农艺; 农学农学 _ adj. 农业的农业的; 农艺的农艺的 origin agriculture agricultural original religious religion 36. _ vt. 赞美赞美; 钦佩钦佩;
8、羡慕羡慕_ adj. 令人钦佩的令人钦佩的_ n. 钦佩；羡慕钦佩；羡慕 37. _ n. 许可许可; 允许允许_ vt.允许允许 38. _ vi. 道歉道歉; 辩白辩白_ n. 道歉道歉 39. _ n. 独立独立; 自主自主_ adj. 独立的独立的; 自主的自主的 admire admirable admiration permission permit apologize apology independence independent 1. 发生发生 2. 纪念纪念; 追念追念 3. 盛装盛装; 打扮打扮; 装饰装饰 4. 期望期望; 期待期待; 盼望盼望 5. 好像好像 6. 玩
9、得开心玩得开心 7. 出现出现; 到场到场 8. 守信用守信用; 履行诺言履行诺言 9. 屏息屏息; 屏气屏气 10. 出发出发; 动身动身; 使爆炸使爆炸 take place in memory of dress up look forward to as though have fun with turn up keep ones word hold ones breath set off 1. starve vi. 饿得要死饿得要死; 渴望渴望; 极需要极需要 (课文原句课文原句) At that time people would starve if food was difficu
10、lt to find, especially during the cold winter months. 翻译：翻译：在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，在那个时代，如果食物难以找到， 特别是寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿。特别是寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿。 【归纳归纳】 starve for sth. (急急)需要需要 starve to death 饿死饿死 starve sb. into (doing) sth. 以饥饿迫使某人以饥饿迫使某人 (做做)某事某事 【拓展】【拓展】 be starved to death 饿死饿死 starve for, ache for, die for, hunge
11、r for, long for, sigh for, thirst for 渴望得到渴望得到., 渴望做渴望做. 2. gain v. 获得获得; 得到得到 n. 利润利润; 利益利益 (课文原句课文原句) India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain Indias independence from Britain. 翻译翻译: 印度在印度在10月月2日有个全国性节日，纪日有个全国性节日，纪 念汉达斯念汉达斯 甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国而甘地，他
12、是帮助印度脱离英国而 独立的领袖。独立的领袖。 【归纳】【归纳】 gain from/ by. 从从获益获益 gain two minutes (钟表钟表)走快两分钟走快两分钟 gain ones living 谋生谋生 gain weight 体重增加体重增加 【辨析】【辨析】acquire/ get/ gain/ earn/ obtain acquire宾语多为知识宾语多为知识/ 技能等技能等; earn宾语多为金钱宾语多为金钱/ 荣誉等理应得到的东西荣誉等理应得到的东西; obtain宾语多为期望已久的东西宾语多为期望已久的东西; gain宾语多为经验宾语多为经验/ 利益利益/ 优势优势
13、/ 好处等好处等; win宾语则为比赛宾语则为比赛/ 战斗等战斗等; get宾语较广泛宾语较广泛, 既可是具体的东西既可是具体的东西, 也可是也可是 抽象的事物。抽象的事物。 After four years study, I acquired a good knowledge of computer and my perseverance won me many friends in the university. Therefore I got a good job, which has made me gain much experience. And now I earn up to
14、$100, 000 a year. 经过四年的学习经过四年的学习, 我获得了丰我获得了丰 富的电脑知识。在大学里富的电脑知识。在大学里, 我的毅力为我赢得我的毅力为我赢得 了很多朋友。因此了很多朋友。因此, 我找到了一份好工作我找到了一份好工作, 这项这项 工作使我得到了很多的经验。现在工作使我得到了很多的经验。现在, 我每年能我每年能 够赚得够赚得10万美元。万美元。 【即时运用】【即时运用】 用用acquire/get/gain的适当形式填空。的适当形式填空。 1) She _ a knowledge of English by careful study. 2) He _ what he
15、 wanted by the time he graduated. 3) They _ the victory after a bloody battle. acquired had got gained 单句改错。单句改错。 He gained excellent sums of money by acting. 通过表演通过表演, 他赚了不少钱。他赚了不少钱。 分析：分析：表示“赚得表示“赚得, 赢得”赢得”, 而而gain表示“通过表示“通过 努努 力而获得有利的东西”，这里赚钱用力而获得有利的东西”，这里赚钱用earn。 earned 3. award 【归纳【归纳】 v. “授予，判
16、定”，“授予，判定”，award sb. sth.或或 award sth. to sb.，“授予某人某物”。，“授予某人某物”。 n. “奖，奖品”，可与介词“奖，奖品”，可与介词for连用，连用，receive win/ get an award for sth.。 (课文原句课文原句) Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. 翻译：翻译：有些人还可能因为他们的农产品有些人还可能因为他们的农产品(参加参加 各种
17、评选各种评选)而获奖，比如最大的西瓜或最帅的而获奖，比如最大的西瓜或最帅的 公鸡。公鸡。 【辨析辨析】award, reward, prize award 经过正式裁定而给予的荣誉，或在经过正式裁定而给予的荣誉，或在 竞赛中获胜而得到的奖赏。竞赛中获胜而得到的奖赏。 reward 对某人所做的某件好事、好的行为对某人所做的某件好事、好的行为 等的报答、酬谢。等的报答、酬谢。 prize 在竞赛中获胜或有特殊贡献时所得的在竞赛中获胜或有特殊贡献时所得的 奖励。奖励。 4. admire vt. 赞美赞美; 钦佩钦佩; 羡慕羡慕 (课文原句课文原句) China and Japan have mi
18、d- autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy mooncakes. 翻译：翻译：中国和日本都有中秋节，这时人们中国和日本都有中秋节，这时人们 会赏月。在中国，人们还品尝月饼。会赏月。在中国，人们还品尝月饼。 【归纳】【归纳】 admire sb. for sth. 因某事而钦佩某人因某事而钦佩某人 【拓展】【拓展】 admiration n. 赞美赞美; 钦佩钦佩 express/ have admiration for sb./ sth. (表示表示) 羡慕羡慕/ 钦佩某人钦佩某人/ 物物 with/
19、 in admiration 钦佩地钦佩地 admirable adj. 可钦佩的可钦佩的; 极佳的极佳的 The admirers admire the famous actor for his excellent performance, which they enjoy with/in admiration, and because of having admiration for him, some of them even email him frequently. 这些羡慕者因这位著名演员的出色表演而这些羡慕者因这位著名演员的出色表演而 钦佩他。他们带着钦佩之情欣赏他的表演。钦佩他
20、。他们带着钦佩之情欣赏他的表演。 一些追求者因为钦佩他甚至经常给他发邮一些追求者因为钦佩他甚至经常给他发邮 件。件。 【辨析】【辨析】admire/ honour/ respect/ regard 均含“尊重均含“尊重/钦佩”之意。钦佩”之意。 admire 侧重指对某人或某物的仰慕侧重指对某人或某物的仰慕, 钦佩钦佩, 并含并含 欣赏爱慕之情。欣赏爱慕之情。 honour 侧重指对某人或某物表示极大的敬意。侧重指对某人或某物表示极大的敬意。 respect 指对人的行为指对人的行为/品德品德/才华或成就等仰慕尊才华或成就等仰慕尊 重，尤指对年长或地位高的人的尊敬。重，尤指对年长或地位高的人的
21、尊敬。 regard 正式用词正式用词, 需用修饰语加强或明确其意。需用修饰语加强或明确其意。 5. apologize vi. 道歉道歉; 辩白辩白 (课文原句课文原句) Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. 翻译：翻译：他不想屏息等她来道歉。他不想屏息等她来道歉。 【归纳】【归纳】 apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. 因因(做做)某事向某人道歉某事向某人道歉 apologize to sb.that 从句从句 向某人道歉向某人道歉 【拓展】【拓展】 make an ap
22、ology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉因某事向某人道歉 accept/refuse ones apology 接受接受/拒绝某人的道歉拒绝某人的道歉 6. remind vt. 提醒提醒; 使想起使想起 (课文原句课文原句) I dont want them to remind me of her. 翻译：翻译：他不想因它们想起她来。他不想因它们想起她来。 【归纳】【归纳】 remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事提醒某人某事 remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事提醒某人做某事 remind (sb.) that/ how/ what 从句从
23、句 提醒提醒 remind sb. to do, remind sb. of doing remind接双宾语时其直接宾语可以是动词接双宾语时其直接宾语可以是动词 不定式不定式, 也可以是介词短语“也可以是介词短语“of+ v-ing ”。”。 区别是区别是: 前者指将来发生的事情前者指将来发生的事情, 而后者指而后者指 过去发生过的事情。如过去发生过的事情。如: He reminded me to answer the letter. 他提醒我回这封信。他提醒我回这封信。 He reminded me of my answering the letter. 他提醒我已经回过这封信了。他提醒我
24、已经回过这封信了。 7. forgive (forgave, forgiven) vt. 对不起对不起 forgive ones doing sth. 原谅某人做了某事原谅某人做了某事 forgive sb. for (doing) sth. 原谅某人原谅某人(做了做了)某事某事 1. dress up (课文原句课文原句) It is now a childrens festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets. 翻译：翻译：万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天万圣节如今成了
25、孩子们的节日，这天 他们可以乔装打扮上邻居家要糖吃。他们可以乔装打扮上邻居家要糖吃。 【归纳【归纳】dress up意为：（使）穿上盛装，意为：（使）穿上盛装， 精心打扮；化装，装扮；装饰；添枝精心打扮；化装，装扮；装饰；添枝 加叶地讲述。如：加叶地讲述。如： She never dresses up, even when she goes to the opera. We dressed up for Halloween as pumpkins. A fresh coat of paint will dress up the old bicycle very much. Jerry dres
26、sed up the story of what he did on vacation and made it seem twice as interesting. 2. look forward to 期望期望; 期待期待; 盼望盼望 (课文原句课文原句) The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. 翻译：翻译：最富生气而又最重要的节日，就最富生气而又最重要的节日，就 是告别冬天、迎来春天的
27、日子。是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。 【拓展】【拓展】 look into sth. 调查某事调查某事 look down on/upon 瞧不起瞧不起; 看不起看不起 look on.as. 把把看作看作 look over 检查检查 look through 浏览浏览; 仔细查看仔细查看 look out 当心当心; 小心小心 to后接动词后接动词-ing形式还有：形式还有： pay attention to, be/become/get used to, be devoted to, get down to, be due to 由于由于 see to 照料照料, 注意注意, feel e
28、qual to 能信任能信任 in addition to, admit to, be familiar to, find ones way to 设法达到设法达到 give way to 对对让步让步 give ones mind to 专心于专心于 keep to 坚持坚持 look up to 尊敬尊敬 lead to, object to/be opposed to 反对反对 stick to, stand up to 勇敢面对勇敢面对 be sentenced to 被判刑被判刑 refer to 谈及谈及, 查阅查阅, 参考等参考等 3. as though / if (课文原句课
29、文原句) The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, look as though it is covered with pink snow. 翻译：翻译：整个国度到处是盛开的樱花，看上整个国度到处是盛开的樱花，看上 去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。 【归纳【归纳】as though和和as if均意为“好像，仿均意为“好像，仿 佛”。它们引导的从句中一般用虚拟语气：佛”。它们引导的从句中一般用虚拟语气： 表示与现在事实相反，谓语用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反，谓语用一般过去时 (be的过去式用的过去式用were)；表示
30、与过去事实相反，；表示与过去事实相反， 谓语用过去完成时。谓语用过去完成时。 如果从句所述情况是事实或可能是事实，如果从句所述情况是事实或可能是事实， 也可用陈述语气。如：也可用陈述语气。如： Polly looks as if she were made of ice.（虚拟（虚拟 语气）语气） Jack looked as if he had seen a ghost.（虚拟（虚拟 语气）语气） It looks as if it is going to rain.（陈述语气）（陈述语气） 4. turn up 出现出现; 到场到场; 开大开大; 调高调高; 被发现被发现 (课文原句课文原
31、句) It was Valentines Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work. But she didnt turn up. 翻译翻译：这天是情人节，胡瑾说她下班后会：这天是情人节，胡瑾说她下班后会 在咖喱馆和他见面的。可现在她却不见人在咖喱馆和他见面的。可现在她却不见人 影。影。 Dont worry. Im sure your missing glasses will _ sooner or later. (2015湖北卷湖北卷) A. stand out B. break up
32、C. get out D. turn up 考点：动词短语辨析考点：动词短语辨析 句意：别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早句意：别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早 会出现的。会出现的。 A项“突出”；项“突出”；B项“结束，解散，分手”；项“结束，解散，分手”； C项“出去，出版，被泄露”；项“出去，出版，被泄露”；D项“出现，项“出现， 露面”。故选露面”。故选D项。项。 D 【拓展】【拓展】 turn on 打开打开 turn in 上交上交; 告发告发 turn out 结果是结果是; 生产生产; 制造制造; 赶走赶走 turn off 关掉关掉 turn down 关小关小; 拒绝拒绝 tur
33、n to 转向转向; 求助于求助于 turn facts upside down 颠倒是非颠倒是非 turn for the better 好转好转 5. keep ones word 守信用守信用; 履行诺言履行诺言 (课文原句课文原句) She said she would be there at seven oclock, and he thought she would keep her word. 翻译翻译：她说她会在七点到达，他：她说她会在七点到达，他(李方李方) 认为她会守信用的。认为她会守信用的。 【拓展】【拓展】 in other words 换句话说换句话说 in a wo
34、rd 总之总之; 简言之简言之 break ones word 失信失信, 食言食言 in words 用语言用语言; 口头上口头上 get in a word 插嘴插嘴 have a word with sb. 和某人说句话和某人说句话 key words 关键字关键字 6. hold ones breath 屏息屏息; 屏气屏气 (课文原句课文原句) Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. 翻译：翻译：他不想屏息等她来道歉。他不想屏息等她来道歉。 【拓展】【拓展】 take a deep breath
35、深呼吸深呼吸 lose ones breath 喘不过气来喘不过气来 out of breath 气喘吁吁气喘吁吁 catch ones breath 恢复正常呼吸恢复正常呼吸 【即时应用】【即时应用】 完成句子。完成句子。 (1) When we climbed to the top of the tenstory (2) building, we _ (上气不上气不 接下气接下气) (2) If you run very fast, you must _ (喘不过气来喘不过气来) were out of breath lose your breath 1. It was obvious t
36、hat the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave. 很明显很明显, 咖啡馆的经理在等李方离开咖啡馆的经理在等李方离开 it作形式主语作形式主语, 代指代指that引导的主语从句。引导的主语从句。 It作形式主语的常用句式：作形式主语的常用句式： It be形容词形容词 (possible, strange, natural, important.)that从句从句 It be过去分词过去分词 (said, thought, believed, supposed, reported.)that从句从句 It不及
37、物动词不及物动词 (seem, occur, happen.) that从句从句 It be名词短语名词短语 (a pity, a fact, a wonder, an honour, no wonder.)that从句从句 一、一、may和和might 都可表示允许。如：都可表示允许。如： You may/ might use my dictionary so long as you return it before 17:00. 表示可能，表示可能，might比比may语气更不确定，表示语气更不确定，表示 的可能性更小。如：的可能性更小。如： Do you think Mr. Jackso
38、n may/ might be here on time? 情态动词（一）情态动词（一） 二、二、can和和could 都可表示能力。如：都可表示能力。如： Even a small personal computer can store great amounts of information. I couldnt get tickets; they were sold out. 可表示许可，可表示许可，could比比can语气更委婉。如：语气更委婉。如： You can have my seat. Im going now. Could I have a drink of water, p
39、lease? 表示说话人的猜测，此时表示说话人的猜测，此时could不是不是can的过的过 去式，表示推测的可能性比去式，表示推测的可能性比can小。如：小。如： Can he still be alive after all this time? If youre not careful, you could get into even worse trouble. 三、三、will和和would 表意愿，表意愿，will表现在意愿，可用于条件句表现在意愿，可用于条件句 中，中，would表示过去意愿（如表现在的意表示过去意愿（如表现在的意 愿，语气较委婉）。如：愿，语气较委婉）。如： As
40、k, if you will, who the owner is. My friend asked if I would go with him. 都可表征求意见或提出请求。如：都可表征求意见或提出请求。如： Will/ Would you please make a cup of coffee for me? 都可表习惯和倾向性，都可表习惯和倾向性，will表现在的习表现在的习 惯，惯，would表过去的习惯。如：表过去的习惯。如： These clothes wont wash easily. When Ann was a child, she would often ask some s
41、trange questions. 四、四、shall和和should shall在疑问句中用于征求对方意见，主要用在疑问句中用于征求对方意见，主要用 于第一人称，也可用于第三人称，“要不要于第一人称，也可用于第三人称，“要不要 ，好吗”；在陈述句中表示说话者的允好吗”；在陈述句中表示说话者的允 诺、告诫、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等，诺、告诫、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等， 主要用于第二或第三人称。如：主要用于第二或第三人称。如： Shall we go out and have a walk after dinner? Shall my sister come here now? You sh
42、all do as you see me do. Tell Betty that she shall have the bike tomorrow. should表示义务或责任、建议或劝告、推表示义务或责任、建议或劝告、推 断等。如：断等。如： We should take good care of our children. You should give up smoking and drinking. With an early start the young men should be here by 10:00 am. 五、五、must和和cant must表示“必须做某事”，还可表
43、推测。表示“必须做某事”，还可表推测。 如：如： All passengers must wear seat belts. Your father has worked hard all day. He must be tired. When you got lost in the forest, you must have been very frightened. cant表否定的推测和判断，“不可能”。表否定的推测和判断，“不可能”。 如：如： If Jim didnt leave home until six oclock, he cant be at the office yet.
44、Somebody must have opened the cage because the lion cant have escaped on its own. 用适当的情态动词补全对话。用适当的情态动词补全对话。 Tom: Its raining hard. _ you mind sharing your umbrella with me? Rose: Of course not. By the way, one of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school, right? Tom: Yes
45、. You must be a newcomer here. Rose: Thats true. I moved here last Monday. Are you going to see the film in our school tonight? Would shall Tom: Yes. Our foreign teacher _ come with us tonight, but he isnt sure. He may be at his office. Lets ask him to go with us. Rose: I saw him leave his office ha
46、lf an hour ago. He _ be working there at this time. I hear youve got a lot of valuable Australian coins. _ I have a look? may/ might cant May/Might/Can/Could Tom: What a pity! My father requires that they _ not be brought to school. If youre free, I will show you them at my home next Monday. Rose: W
47、onderful. Where were you last Saturday night? I knocked at the door of your dorm, but nobody answered it. should Tom: I was tired after a long hike. Therefore, I _ have been asleep. Rose: Ive heard that my friend Joe met with an accident during the trip. Tom: Dont worry; he _ not have been hurt seri
48、ously. He will leave hospital early next Monday. must may/might Rose: I _ have paid a visit to him last Sunday, but something unexpected happened. Tom: We can go to the hospital to visit him this Sunday Morning. Rose: Fine. could/would/should/might 1. It was so noisy that we _ hear ourselves speak. (2015浙江浙江) A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. neednt 2. You _ be careful with the camera. I
