1、2018 年普通高等 学校招生全国统一 考试（北京卷） 英英 语语 本试卷共 12 页，共 120 分。 考试时长 100 分钟。 注意事项：注意事项： 1答题前，先将自己的姓名、 准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡 上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答 题卡上的指定位置。 2选择题的作答：每小题选 出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上 对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试 题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题 区域均无效。 3非选择题的作答：用签字 笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题 区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答 题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 4考试结束后，请将本试题 卷和答题卡一并上交。 第一部分第一部分：知识运用知识运
2、用（共（共两两 节，节，4545 分）分） 第一节 单项填空（共 15 小 题；每小题 1 分，共 15 分） 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白 处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将 该项涂黑。 例： Its so nice to hear from her again. _, we last met more than thirty years ago. A. Whats more B. Thats to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not 答案是 D。 1. Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here?
3、I havent seen you around? Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just _ on Monday. A. start B. have started C. started D. had started 2. _ we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. A. Although B. While C. If D. Until 3. _ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding
4、 experience. A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled 4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. 此卷只装订不密封 班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked 5. She and her family bicycle to work, _
5、helps them keep fit. A. which B. who C. as D. that 6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared 7. Chinas high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few y
6、ears. A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown 8. In any unsafe situation, simply _ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need. A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed 9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for two da
7、ys. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 10. Ordinary soap, _ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. A. used B. to use C. using D. use 11. Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now. A. how B. when C. where D. why 12. In todays information age, the l
8、oss of data _ cause serious problems for a company. A. need B. should C. can D. must 13. They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers. A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven 14. Good morning, Mr. Lees office. Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next
9、 Wednesday afternoon. A. for B. on C. in D. at 15. This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best. A. how B. which C. that D. what 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小 题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分） 阅读下面短文， 掌握其大意， 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个 选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。 The Homeless Hero For many, finding an u
10、nattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）. But the _16_ would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith _17_ more remarkable. After spotting a _18_ on the front seat
11、inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the _19_ to return. After hours in the cold and wet, he _20_ inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver, only to _21_ it contained 400 in notes, with an
12、other 50 in spare change beside it. He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after _22_ a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the cars owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the carwhich was itself worth 35, 000in Glasgow city centre, they were _23
13、_ to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was _24_. The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his _25_. Mr. Anderson said：I couldnt believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight _26_ he
14、could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and _27_ he didnt take the wallet for himself ； he thought about others _28_. Its unbelievable. It just proves there are _29_ guys out there. Mr. Smiths act _30_ much of the publics attention. He also won praise from s
15、ocial media users after Mr. Anderson _31_ about the act of kindness on Facebook. Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to _32_ money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received 8,000. I think the faith that everyone has shown _33_ him has touched him
16、. People have been approaching him in the street; hes had job _34_ and all sorts, Mr. Anderson commented. For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing _35_. The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another. 16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort 17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once
17、 18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel 19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman 20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached 21. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe 22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing 23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked 24. A. safe B. missing C.
18、 found D. seen 25. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement 26. A. when B. if C. where D. because 27. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just 28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead 29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous 30. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew 31. A. learned B. posted C. car
19、ed D. heard 32. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn 33. A. of B. at C. for D. in 34. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications 35. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge 第二部分第二部分：阅读理解阅读理解（共两（共两 节，节，4040 分）分） 第一节 （共 15 小题；每小 题 2 分，共 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给 的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选 出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑。
20、 A My First Marathon（马拉松马拉松） A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead. I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to ru
21、n laps and then hit a softball. I didnt do either well. He later informed me that I was not athletic. The idea that I was not athletic stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It
22、 was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills! The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself. Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So
23、 I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted! At mile 3, I passed a sign: GO FOR IT, RUNNERS! By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again. By mile 21, I was starving! As I approached mile 23, I
24、 could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running. I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first plac
25、e had. Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a marathon winner. 36. A month before the marathon, the autho r _. A. was well trained B. felt scared C. made up his mind to run D. lost hope 37. Why did the author mention the P.E. cla ss in
26、his 7th year? A. To acknowledge the support of his teach er. B. To amuse the readers with a funny story. C. To show he was not talented in sports. D. To share a precious memory. 38. How was the authors first marathon? A. He made it. B. He quit halfway. C. He got the first prize. D. He walked to the
27、end. 39. What does the story mainly tell us? A. A man owes his success to his family su pport. B. A winner is one with a great effort of wi ll. C. Failure is the mother of success. D. One is never too old to learn. B Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空航空) Center If youre looking for a u
28、nique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun. More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide
29、variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what theyre studying in the classroom. For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣 誉徽章). At Space Camp, tra
30、inees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模 拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of
31、 flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of downed pilot. With all the programs, tea
32、mwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task. All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7. Stay an hour or stay a week there is something
33、 here for everyone! For more details, please visit us online at . 40. Why do people come to SAC? A. To experience adventures. B. To look for jobs in aviation. C. To get a degree in engineering. D. To learn more about medicine. 41. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to . A. fly to spa
34、ce B. get an Aviation badge first C. study the principles of flight D. build and fire model rockets 42. What is the most important for trainees? A. Leadership. B. Team spirit. C. Task planning. D. Survival skills. C Plastic-Eating Worms Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year
35、. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋 场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the
36、 greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not respon
37、sible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017. Federica
38、 Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms ability to break down their everyday food beeswax also allows them to break down plastic. Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, she explains, The wax worm evolved a method or system
39、 to break this bond. Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next st
40、ep, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)? Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in
41、 some kind of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. 43. What can we learn about the worms in the study? A. They take plastics as their everyday food. B. They are newly evolved creatures. C. They can consume plastics. D. They wind up in landfills. 44. According
42、 to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to . A. identify other means of the breakdown B. find out the source of the enzyme C. confirm the research findings D. increase the breakdown speed 45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might . A. help to raise worms B. h
43、elp make plastic bags C. be used to clean the oceans D. be produced in factories in future 46. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain a study method on worms. B. To introduce the diet of a special worm. C. To present a way to break down plastics. D. To propose new means to keep eco-b
44、alance. D Preparing Cities for Robot Cars The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies t
45、o test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isnt leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities a
46、cross the country. Its hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated. While much of the d
47、ebate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chanc
48、e to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared. Do we want to copy or even worsen the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways
49、 because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenienc
