1、第 2 讲 非谓语动词 前沿最新动态 题型 高考典题试做 命题角度解读 语 法 填 空 1(2020 全国卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change- 4 to find (find) and study areas of the South Pole- Aitken basin. 2(2020 全国卷)They represent the earth coming (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 3(2020 全国卷)They
2、are easy to care (care) for and make great presents. 4 (2020 全国卷)The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find (find) the well- known painter. 5(2020 全国卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 1 考查
3、非谓语动词的句法 功能(状语、定语、宾语、 补语、主语和表语等)，以 考查主语、宾语、状语居 多； 2 考查固定搭配中的非谓 语动词。 短 文 改 错 1(2020 全国卷)I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and. fryingfried 2 (2019 全国卷)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.saysaying 3(2020 全国卷).and I thought it must to
4、be easy to cook.去掉第一个 to 4 (2020 全国卷)I tell my mom that if were forced eat things, we may become ill. eat 前加 to 5(2020 全国卷)My mom told me how to 1非谓语动词的错用； 2 谓语动词与非谓语动词 的错用； 3 不定式符号的多余或缺 失； 4介词 to 与不定式符号 的误判。 preparing it.preparingprepare 考点一 非谓语动词的形式及意义 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1(2020 太原二中模拟)Most colleges now
5、offer first- year students a course specially designed(design) to help them succeed academically and personally. 2(2020 太原一模)The little boy stared at the strange man questioningly, not knowing (know) whether to believe what he had said. 3(2020 周口一中质检) Failing to turn(turn) in your homework on time w
6、ill directly affect your grade for a certain course. .单句改错 4 (2020 开封模拟)He has a lot of different interests, ranged from stamp collecting to skating. rangedranging 5(2020 银川模拟)Almost 50% of those surveying said that they supported the Presidents decision. surveyingsurveyed 6(2020 玉溪模拟)His parents ad
7、vised him go to school again, but he wouldnt. him 后加 to 要点解读 非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义 不定 式 一般 式 to do to be done 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的 动作同时发生或在其后发生 进行 式 to be doing 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的 动作同时发生 完成 式 to have done to have been done 表示的动作发生在句中谓语动 词的动作之前 现在 分词/ 一般 式 doing being done 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的 动作同时发生，或基本上同时 动名 词 发生 完成 式 h
8、aving done having been done 表示的动作先于句中谓语动词 的动作发生 过去 分词 一般 式 done 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关 系，表完成 考点二 非谓语动词作状语 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1 (2020 江西宜春中学第一次诊断)To free (free) ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness. 2(2020 揭阳模拟)Clearly and thoughtfully written(write)，the book
9、 inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. 3(2020 山东烟台期末)Not knowing (know) which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice. .单句改错 4(2020 吉林吉大附中月考) Ordinary soap, using correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. usingused 5(2020 宜昌二模)Tesla said Tuesday
10、that it had reached an agreement with the Chinese authorities build a battery and automobile factory in Shanghai. build 前加 to 6(2020 长沙一模)Encouraging greatly, I worked even harder than ever. Gradually I began to catch up with other students in my class. EncouragingEncouraged 要点解读 1不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语，可用
11、 so as to/in order to 替换，但 so as to 一般不可置于句首。 In order to calculate the amount of power，work is divided by time. 要计算功率的大小，可将功除以时间。 (2)作结果状语， 常表示出乎意料的结果， 常用于下列结构中： only to do； enough to do(足够做)； too.to do.(太而不能)； so/such.as to.(如此以至 于)等。 Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up i
12、n the sky.汤姆乘出 租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。 (3)作原因状语，常用在“主语系动词形容词to do”结构中。这类形容 词有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good， important， impossible， dangerous， surprised， astonished， delighted， disappointed 等。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. 令我
13、们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。 易错提醒 语法填空和短文改错中常考查 “主语be形容词不定式” 结构，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形 式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词； 若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词。 2分词作状语 非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时， 现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语 时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 Ordered over a week ago，the books are expec
14、ted to arrive at any time now. 这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。 Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using the sun and the stars. 像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。 易错提醒 部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种 状态。常见的有：located 坐落于，lost 迷路的，seated 坐着的，hidden 躲着的， lost/absorbed/buried in 沉溺于，dressed in 穿着，tired of 厌烦的，
15、faced with 面对着。 Absorbed in painting，John didnt notice evening approaching. 由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。 3独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立 成分。常用的有：generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking，talking of，speaking of， judging from/by，taking everything into consideration，compared to/with，to be frank，
16、to tell(you)the truth，to be honest，to make things worse 等。 Judging from his accent，he is from Hong Kong. 从口音判断，他是香港人。 To tell you the truth，I am a little tired. 说实话，我有点累。 考点三 非谓语动词作定语 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1(2020 福州八县市一中联考)It tells a touching(touch) story that highlights Chinese families. 2(2020 河北五个一名校联盟二模)
17、Shanghai simplified the procedures for skilled foreigners working(work) in the city to get residence permits within three days, the citys latest measure to attract(attract) overseas workers. 3(2020 重庆第一次调研)Fathers Day, observed (observe) on March 19 since Middle Age, means honoring fathers and celeb
18、rating fatherhood. .单句改错 4(2020 邯郸模拟)Asia is such a vast and diverse continent for anyone dream of an escape. dreamdreaming 5(2020 惠州第二次调研)In the past, teachers were always explaining the points in class. But now we often discuss the problems being raised by the teachers or ourselves. 删除 being 6(202
19、0 石家庄摸底)Journey to the West is a fantastic story setting in the Tang dynasty. settingset 要点解读 1不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修 饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldnt find any paper to write on. 突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。 (2)序数词，形容词最高级，the l
20、ast，the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代 词后，常用不定式作定语。 He is always the first to arrive at school and the last to leave school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 (3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability，chance， idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way 等。 And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. 增强意志力最
21、好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 (4)当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，作定语的不定式使用主动式；当句 子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语，且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关 系时，不定式使用被动式。 Have you got anything to buy? 你有什么东西要买吗？(you 是 buy 的执行者) I want to go to Beijing.Do you have anything to be boug
22、ht? 我要去北京。你有什么东西要买吗？(you 不是 buy 的执行者，anything 与不定 式是被动关系) 2分词作定语 (1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being过去分词”、过去 分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词 与分词之间为被动关系，且表示正在进行时，用“being过去分词”；当被修饰 的名词与分词之间为被动关系，且表完成时，用过去分词。 (2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示 动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。 To return to the problem of water
23、pollution，Id like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2019 为了再讨论一下水污染的问题，我想让大家看一项 2019 年在澳大利亚进行的 研究。 Last night，there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV. 昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。 易错提醒 非谓语动词作定语的解题思路 表示被动、完成用过去分词 done；表示主动、进行用现在分词 doing；表示被 动、进行用 being done；表示主
24、动、尚未进行用 to do；表示被动的动作尚未进行 用 to be done。试比较： The bridge built recently was designed by a local company. Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the sky. The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is very important. 考点四 非谓语动词作宾语 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1(2020 沈阳质量监测一)To avo
25、id waiting (wait) in line we advise you to buy your tickets in advance online. 2 (2020 广东七校联考)For years Hainan has been developing its tourism industry, which aims to turn(turn) the island into an international tourist destination. 3(2020 郑州第一次质量检测)In my mind, they help us to become calm and conside
26、r winning(win) and solving real problems as well. 4(2020 山西长治一联)I remembered locking(lock) the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights. .单句改错 5 (2020 长春一模)The Web Language does no good to help people communicate, nor it is useful for learning English. helphelping 6(2020 武安模拟)
27、Nowadays, it is common in China that some people tend to running the red light in group when crossing the street. runningrun 要点解读 1只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，prepare， decide， refuse， choose， wish， hope， expect， fail (未能)， pretend， manage， determine， beg，arrange，threaten，claim，hesit
28、ate，wait，happen (碰巧)等。 She seated herself at a small table in the restaurant，waiting to be served. 她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁等着被服务。 2只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：admit，avoid，consider，escape(避开)， imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feel like，give up，put off，object to，look forward to 等。此外，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.，
29、have fun (in) doing sth. 等句型中也用动名词作宾语。 I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended. 我回避提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。 Its quite hot today.Do you feel like going for a swim? 今天很热。你想去游泳吗？ 3一些动词可接不定式与动名词作宾语，但意义不同： forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 （未做） forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 （已做） regret to do sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾 （
30、未做） regret doing sth.对做过的事表示后悔 （已做） remember to do sth.记得去做某事 （未做） remember doing sth.记得做过某事 （已做） try to do sth.尽力去做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 go on to do sth.做完一件事后接着做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做原来做的事 mean to do sth.打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 cant help to do sth.不能帮助做某事 cant help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事 That w
31、ould mean wasting a lot of labour. Really？I dont mean to waste any labour. 那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。 是吗？我并没打算浪费劳动力。 She nearly forgot to give him a tip for his service. 她几乎忘了给他的服务付小费。 Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop buying the groceries if I found out? 她是担忧如果我弄清情况会如何作出反应，还是担忧我不再给她买食
32、品杂货 呢？ 易错提醒 1动词 want，need，require 作“需要”讲时，其后要用 v.- ing 形式的主动形 式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有 deserve。 2 不定式作动词及动词短语 learn， decide， know， wonder， show， tell， understand， explain， teach， advise， find out 等的宾语时， 前面常带引导词 how， what， whether， where，when，who 等。 3连词 but 后接不定式作宾语，若前面有实义动词 do，不定式要省略 to。 考点五 非谓语动词作
33、宾补 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1(2020 济宁二模)Let those in need understand(understand) that we will go all out to help them. 2 (2020 龙口一模)When we saw the road blocked(block) with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home. 3(2020 黄冈一模)The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed(develop) after great
34、 effort. 4(2020 安庆慧德中学月考)When he was ready to leave he found his bicycles front tyre(轮胎) flat.He had to look for a place along the street to get his bicycle repaired(repair) .单句改错 5(2020 成都第三次诊断性检测)This makes me realized there is always someone much more capable. realizedrealize 6(2020 武汉高三调考)Last S
35、unday was my birthday, so I invited some guys go out with me for a celebration. go 前加 to 要点解读 1不定式作宾补 不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表将要发 出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause， encourage，expect，forbid，force，intend，invite，order，persuade，prefer，require， remind，tell，want，warn，wish，call on，dep
36、end on 等。 If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on. 如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。 Having finished her project，she was invited by the school to speak to the new students. 完成项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。 (1)有些动词，如 think，consider，believe，suppose，feel，
37、find，understand 等 后常用 to be 作宾补或主补。 Chinese people are considered to be the most hard- working people in the world. 中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。 (2)在 sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thoughtto do/to have done 结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。 He is thought to have acted foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to bl
38、ame for losing the job. 大家都认为他表现得很愚蠢。现在要为他的失业负责的不是别人，而是他自 己。 2分词作宾补 (1)现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且强调正在 进行的主动动作。 可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词： 感官动词(see， watch， observe， notice，hear，listen to，feel)，使役动词(have，get)，find，leave，keep，catch 等。 Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help? 听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？ (2)过去分词作宾补时，动词与
39、宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被动 动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，notice， hear，listen to，feel)，使役动词(have，make，let，get)，find，leave，keep 等。 Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home. 李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回来后看到母亲在家里被照顾得很好 他很高兴。 (3)使役动词 ha
40、ve，get 后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：have sth.doneget sth.done 让别人做某事；have sb./sth.doing 让一直做某事；get sth./sb.doing 使开始做某事；have sb.do sth.get sb.to do sth.让某人做某事。 Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car washed. 在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。 考点六 非谓语动词作主语和表语 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1 (2020 湖北七市联考)Johannesburg is known (k
41、now) as the City of Gold, which is the heart of shopping(shop), entertainment and city adventure. 2(2020 辽宁铁岭协作体一联)Travelling (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. 3(2020 沈阳模拟)Understanding (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important
42、 as learning to convey your affection and emotions. 4 (2020 贵阳摸底)In Vancouver it is unusual to see(see) a bear， but in some cities you can see big animals on the city streets every day. .单句改错 5(2020 开封模拟)Compare your looks with others is like comparing apples with oranges. CompareComparing 6(2020 成都
43、二次摸底)It is better travel ten thousand miles than to read ten thousand books. travel 前加 to 7(2020 广东部分学校第一次联考)As for me，I dont think take extra classes is necessary. taketaking 要点解读 1不定式作主语和表语 (1)不定式作主语时，一般表示某一次具体的动作。若不定式太长，常用 it 作 形式主语而将不定式后置。 No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times wh
44、en its better to remain silent. 不论你多么能说会道，有些时候保持沉默会更好。 (2)不定式作表语时， 表示预定要发生的动作； 当主语是 aim， purpose， idea， plan，wish，decision，choice 等词时，常用不定式作表语；主语为 what 引导的 名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。 His wish is to be a doctor in the future. 他的愿望是将来当一名医生。 What I want to do most in senior high is (to) improve my English. 我在高中最想
45、做的事就是提高我的英语水平。 2动名词作主语和表语 (1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用 it 作形式主语，把作真 正主语的动名词短语放在句末。 常用于固定句型： Its a waste of time doing.； Its no use/good doing.；It is useless doing.；There is no use doing.等中。 Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out. 直接面对你的问
46、题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。 Its no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。 (2)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以 互换位置。 My job is cleaning the house three times a week(Cleaning the house three times a week is my job) 我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。 (3)remain 作连系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作 表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚待；留待
47、”时，后常接 to be done。 She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down. 虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。 It remains to be seen whether the newly- formed committees policy can be put into practice. 新成立的委员会的方针能否实行还有待观察。 易错提醒 不定式和动名词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数，这是短文改错中 常考的语法点。 【技法点拨】 语法填空中对非谓语动词的考查 1若句子中已有谓语动词，又不是并
48、列关系时，所填动词通常是非谓语动词， 这时就要确定是动词- ing 形式，ed 形式，还是不定式形式。 2 所给动词在某及物动词后作宾语时要用不定式或者动名词(由它前面的及物 动词决定)；作介词的宾语时要用动名词；作主语时要用不定式或者动名词。如果 所给动词有名词形式的派生词，当其在句中作主语或宾语时，通常考查这个动词 所派生出的名词。这时，要注意它的单复数形式。 短文改错中对非谓语动词的考查 1谓语动词后或者某一形容词后如果是动词原形，就要注意两词之间是否该 有不定式符号 to。 2介词后(特别是介词 to)的非谓语动词应该用动名词。to 有时候是不定式， 不要误判为介词。 .单句语法填空
49、1Part of the reason for that is that these pesticides appear _(stick) around in the environment and stay dangerous for longer periods of time. to stick 句意：与这有关的部分原因是这些杀虫剂似乎更长期地存在于环境 中并持续具有危险性。appear 是连系动词，后接不定式作表语。 2 _(receive) your purchases in time, make sure the express company knows your address exactly. To receive 句意：为了及时收到你购买的物品，要确保快递公司准确地知道 你的地址。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。 3However，many netizens on Sina Weibo dont think Ele.me is providing a wonderful service，saying it just want _(make) money. to make 句意：然而，新浪微博的网民们并不认为饿了么在提供好的服务， 说它只是想赚钱。此处是不定式作宾语。 4This course is of great inte
