1、Unit 3 The InternetUnit 3 The Internet Period 3 Discovering Useful StructurePeriod 3 Discovering Useful Structure 现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态 unit 3 语法 1.The Present Perfect tense(现在完成时) present(now) future past Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时现在完成时 (1)主语主语 + have/ has + V-过去分词过去分词 (done) 助动词助动词,无意义无意义 一：现在完成时的
2、结构一：现在完成时的结构 Winter has already come(came,come)， will it still be far in spring ? 注：主语若是注：主语若是第三人称单数第三人称单数助动词用助动词用 has 肯定式：肯定式： 主语+have/has+been+done(V-过去 分词) 否定式： 主语+have/has+not+been+done. 一般疑问句： Have/Has+主语+been+done. 特殊疑问句： 疑问词+have/has+主语+been+done. 一：一：现在完成时的被动语态的结构现在完成时的被动语态的结构 (课本课本41页页) The
3、 Internet has greatly improved Jans life. the Internet. change them into the passive voice Jans life has been greatly improved by 主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 The Internet has greatly improved Jans life 宾语宾语 主语主语 谓语变被动谓语变被动 has/have+been+done+by People have written much about the wonders of the World Wide Web. pe
4、ople Much has been written by 主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 People have written much 宾语宾语 主语主语 谓语变被动谓语变被动 have/has+been+done+by ( ) about the wonders of the World Wide Web. change them into the passive voice They have built a kind of new PC with more functions. them A kind of new PC has been built by 主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾
5、语 They have built a kind of new PC 宾语宾语 主语主语 谓语变被动谓语变被动 have/has+been+done+by ( ) with more functions. change them into the passive voice I have downloaded the software to help my phone last longer. me The software 主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 I have downloaded the software 宾语宾语 主语主语 谓语变被动谓语变被动 have/has+been+done
6、+by ( ) to help my phone last longer. c From above the pictures, we can know that the structure: Other forms: 肯定结构 否定结构 一般疑问结构 特殊疑问结构 have/hasbeen done have/hasnotbeen done have/has主语主语been done 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词have/has主语 been done Verb form Passive Active have/has+been+v-ed have/has+v-ed Usage / Function
7、s 1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响和结果，且表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响和结果，且 这个动作与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。这个动作与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。 I have been told the sports meet will be put off. 我已被告知运动会将要被推迟。 (结果：现在我已经知道运动会要被推迟) All the preparations for the task have been done，and were ready to start. 这项任务的一切准备都已就绪，我们准备好要开始了。 (影响：我们现已具备开始的条件) 2表示一个被动的
8、动作或状态从过去开始，持续到现 在，并且有可能继续持续下去。常与for时间段或 since时间点等时间状语连用，此时，该被动语态的动 词应使用延续性动词。 The machine has been repaired for two hours. 这台机器已被修了两小时了。(持续：两小时前开始修， 现在可能已经修好，也可能没有修好，还要继续修) She hasnt been heard from since then. 从那时候起，她就没来过信。(持续：从那以后，一直 没收到她的信，以后也可能收不到) 3在状语从句中，常用现在完成时的被动语态代替 将来时的被动语态。 I will go home
9、 when my homework has been finished. 当我完成家庭作业时我就回家。 (将来某时处于被完成的状态) Special cases 。 The plan has been studied by the experts for three times. 这个计划已经由专家研究三次了。 The dirty clothes have been washed. 脏衣服已经被洗好了。 Special cases 2现在完成时的被动语态强调过去发生的事与现在有 联系；而一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作只与过 去有关，与现在没有关系。 The library has been
10、built. 这座图书馆已经建好了。(图书馆可以用了) The library was built last year. 这座图书馆是去年建成的。(图书馆现在是否能用是 未知的) Special cases 3含有非延续性动词，如begin，start，buy，borrow， finish等的现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式不能与表示 一段时间的状语连用。这些动词的现在完成时的被动 语态的否定式则可以与for或since构成的时间状语连用。 The work has been finished for two days.( ) This book has not been borrowed sin
11、ce last week.() Special cases 4动词短语用于现在完成时的被动语态时，动词后面 的副词或介词不可漏掉或省略。 The injured bird has been looked after since it was saved. (after不可漏掉) 5. 并不是所有的动词都有被动语态。如happen, occur, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或 词组, 就没有被动语态。 Some of the best conversations have ever been happened around
12、 the dinner table. ( ) Some of the best conversations have ever happened around the dinner table. () Jans life has been greatly improved by the Internet. Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. Lets learn Read the pairs of sentences. Underline and compare the different verb fo
13、rms. The Internet has greatly improved Jans life. People have written much about the wonders of the World Wide Web. Verb form How do we from the present perfect passive voice? Fill the blank. Active have/has + v-ed Passive _ have/has been + v-ed Change the sentences into the present perfect passive
14、voice. Theyve built a kind of new PC with more functions. A kind of new PC has been built with more functions. EXAMPLE I have downloaded the software to help my phone battery last longer. Someone has lost an identity card. The software has been downloaded to help my phone battery last longer. An ide
15、ntity card has been lost. Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password? Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file? Has anyone made a comment about the online database? Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed? Has the button been pressed yet to copy the file? Has a/any comment been made about the onlin
16、e database? Find out the differences in meaning and function between the active and passive forms. Read the poem. Look at the way your face has been washed Look at the way your teeth have been brushed Look at the way your shoes have been cleaned Youd better do them again. Look at the way the flowers have been planted Look at the way the grass has been cut Look at the way the paths have been swept I hope that youll come here again. Think of your own situation and write a similar poem. Pair work Share your poem with your partner! Pair work
