1、并列句和主谓一致并列句和主谓一致 一、一、分析句子结构，确定并列连词分析句子结构，确定并列连词 如设空前后是并列的单词、短语或句子，应用并列连词，利用句意、逻辑关系和固定结构考虑填哪个并 列连词。 如果所填词引导的从句与空前部分为修饰与被修饰关系，则为定语从句。如果关系词在从句中作主语、 宾语或表语，用关系代词；如果关系词在从句中作状语，则用关系副词。此外，还要注意定语从句中的主 谓一致问题。 如果所填词引导的从句在整个句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语，则为名词性从句。可根据连接词在 从句中所作的成分来确定合适的连接词。如果连接词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，则用连接代词；如果 作状语，则用连接
2、副词；如果不做成分，则考虑用 that, whether 或 if。 如果所填词引导的从句作状语，则为状语从句。要根据句意以及连接词在从句中所做的成分来确定合适 的连接词。 二、 “破译”二、 “破译”并列连词并列连词关系分析法搭配法句型法关系分析法搭配法句型法 1确定并列连词 无提示词，设空前后是两个并列的主谓完整的句子、单词、短语等；而且相并列的成分之间是并列、转折、 选择或因果关系，应填并列连词。 2四个技巧要熟用 技巧一技巧一 关系分析法关系分析法 分析句子间的逻辑关系，确定用哪个并列连词。 表并列或顺承用 and; 表转折用 but; 表选择用 or; 表因果用 so(因此)或 fo
3、r (因为); 表对比用 while。 技巧二技巧二 搭配法搭配法 表并列关系：both . and .“二者都”； not only . but (also) . “不但而且”。 表选择关系： either .or .“不是就是”； neither . nor .“既不也不”； not . but.“不是 而是”。 技巧三技巧三 句型法句型法 祈使句and/or 陈述句，如表顺承用 and, 表转折用 or。 when 可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于 and at this/that time。 常用于下列句式： be about to do . when .“正要做某事，这时突
4、然” be doing . when . “正在做某事，这时突然” be on the point of doing . when . “正要做某事，这时突然” hardly . when . “刚做完某事，这时突然” had (just) done . when . “刚做完某事，这时突然” 三、三、关系词关系词的易错点的易错点 分析句与句之间的关系和相应的标点符号，确定是否缺少、多余或用错并列连词。 并列连词不能与从属连词连用，如 although/though 不能与 but 连用； because 不能与 so 连用。 句中如有非谓语动词作状语、 with 结构、 非限制性定语从句以及
5、从属连词引导的状语从句， 并列连词 and、 but、 or 和 so 等不能使用。 考点一、常考并列连词考点一、常考并列连词 表示转折、对比关系 but, yet(然而), while(然而，强调对比) 表示并列/递进关系 and, both.and., not only.but (also)., neither.nor.等 表示选择关系 or, either.or., not.but.等 表示因果关系 for(一般不放在句首), so 等 (湖北卷)Not only can a beautiful smile make ourselves happy, but also it enable
6、s others to feel delighted. (福建卷)The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasnt discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever. (重庆卷)I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. (山东卷)He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail. 【名师点
7、津】but 不与 although/though 连用，但 yet, still 可与 although/though 连用。 考点二、考点二、特殊并列连词及并列句特殊并列连词及并列句 1when 可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于 and at this/that time。常用于下列句式： be about to do sth.when.“正要做某事，这时突然” be on the point of doing sth.when.“正要做某事，这时突然” be doing sth.when.“正在做某事，这时突然” had (just/already) done sth.when.
8、“刚做完某事，这时突然” (天津卷)I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. (福建卷)She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. 2“祈使句and/or陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。 (2018 北京卷) In any unsafe situation, simply press the button an
9、d a highly- trained agent will get you the help you need. Start out right away, or well miss the first train. 【名师点津】 并列连词的考查主要集中在“祈使句and/or陈述句”， and 表并列， yet/but 表转折， or 表选择， so 表 因果， while 表对比， when 表“突然”等方面。 当堂训练当堂训练 I.高考真题诊断高考真题诊断 单句语法填空单句语法填空 1.(2020 全国 III) He asked the villagers on the banks o
10、f the river where he could find the legendary （传奇的） artist, _ they smiled and pointed down the river. 2.(2019 全国 II)I work not because I have to,_because I want to. 3.(2020 全国新高考 II) They kept their collection at home until it got too big _ until they died,and then it was given to a museum. 4.（2019
11、全国 I）Not only likability related to positive life outcomes,_it is also responsible for those outcomes. 5.(2019 全国卷)When I studied chemistry in/at high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor. II.精选典题并列句专题对点训练精选典题并列句专题对点训练 单句语法填空单句语法填空 6.Both started the same _ ended differently.Why
12、? Because of how you reacted. 7.She didnt know anything about current TV shows _ fashion trends. 8.As to acute stomachache, there is no need to have an operation； all you need to do is drink a cup of Chinese herbs, _the western way takes more time and money. 9.One Friday, we were packing to leave fo
13、r a weekend away my daughter heard cries for help. 10.Adversity(逆境) can beat you down, _ it also has the ability to make you stronger. 11.Peter has previous experience, _ I think hes the right person for the job. 12.We certainly know from evidence in the sleep center and that of many other scientist
14、s that naps can give you benefits for both your brain _ your body. 13.Looking back, I know the greatest difficulty on our way to success is our fear. Overcome it， _we will be able to achieve our goals. 14.He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail. 15.In other w
15、ords, it hasnt been clear whether kids who weigh too much have trouble sleeping, _ whether sleeping less leads to weight gain. III.精选典题并列句精选典题并列句专题对点训练专题对点训练 短文语法填空短文语法填空 Recently I failed an exam. However, 21. I came out of my teachers office, I told myself,Smile! Its not so serious.” I had a big s
16、mile 22. it worked, really.Everyone gets frustrated sometimes. I used to be always influenced by pressure and I was often in low spirits. 23. one day I came across the sentences,Do not be anxious about tomorrow, 24 tomorrow will be anxious for itself. Let the days own trouble be sufficient for the d
17、ay. They suddenly struck me.Worrying about a problem doesnt help.Why not just give a big smile and face up to the trouble?” Now, 25 I want to cry, I remind myself that laughing is better than either tears 26 anger.I am convinced 27 theres something magical about a smile.A smile helps me recover conf
18、idence and gives me the courage to move on. Remember,whenever youre faced with a setback 28. treated unfairly, all 29 it takes is determination and you can feel happy again.Smile at life, 30. it will shine on you. 正确判断主谓一致正确判断主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致。主语是单数形式，谓语动词就用单数形式。主语是 复数形式，谓语动词就用复数形式。倒装句中谓语的数
19、与其后的主语的数一致。 分析句子成分，找准句子主语，判断句子主语是单数还是复数。再根据主谓一致的三个原则：语法一致原 则、意义一致原则及就近一致原则判断谓语动词的单复数。 一致原则： 主语从句、不可数名词、单数名词、表示距离、时间、金钱等的名词、 不定式(短语)或动名词(短语)或不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式； 定语从句谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词或代词的数保持一致。 就近原则： or、 either . or、 neither . nor .、 not only . but (also) .、 not . but . 等连接并列主语时； 在 there/here be 句式中，谓语动词
20、与最邻近的主语在数上保持一致。 就远原则： “名词介词(with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/in addition to/including 等)名词”作主语，谓语动词与第一个名词或代词在数上保持 一致。 【例】(福建卷)The famous musician, as well as his students, _(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. 【分析】 was invited as well as 连接并
21、列主语时，谓语动词应和其前的主语保持人称和数的一致，故谓 语动词应与 The famous musician 在数上保持一致，故用第三人称单数形式；且 musician 与 invite 之间为被 动关系，再根据句中标志词 at the opening ceremony.Expo 可知，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填 was invited。 考点一考点一 语法一致原则语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 (湖南卷)
22、All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health. Everything is in a complete mass, which drives people crazy. What he said is far from the truth. 2主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如 with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rat
23、her than, including, in addition to 等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 (2019 天津卷)Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident. 3and, both.and.连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。形式。 St
24、eam and ice are different forms of water. 【名师点津】 如果 and 连接两个单数可数名词或不可数名词，表示同一人、同一物或同一概念，或表示不可分的整体时， 谓语动词用单数形式。 (2020 湖北十二校联考)The writer and professor, who I often refer to at the meetings, is popular among those people. 4定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。致。 This is one of
25、 the novels that have ever been written by Mo Yan. 、 She is the only one of the girls who sings well in class. 5 “many a/more than one单数名词单数名词”作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。 each, every, no 所修饰的名词作主语时，所修饰的名词作主语时， 即使有即使有 and 连接，谓语动词仍用单数。连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 Many a parent has had to go through this same painful
26、 process. Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday. 考点二考点二 意义一致原则意义一致原则 意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成整体的一个个成员，谓集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成整体的一个个成员，谓 语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有 family, class, team, group, public,
27、 committee, government, audience 等。等。 The whole class, which is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls were told to stay behind after school to have an important meeting yesterday. 【名师点津】 形式为单数但意义为复数概念的 police, people 等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The police are searching for the murderer in the mountain. 2“
28、分数分数/百分数百分数/the majorityof名词名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于 of 后名词的数以及其表示的后名词的数以及其表示的 意义；意义；all, some, half, most, the rest 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 About one third of the books are worth reading. Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covere
29、d by water. 3“the形容词形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. 4a quantity of 后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于 of 后名词的数以及后名词的数以及 其表示的意义。其表示的意义。quantities of 后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均
30、用复数形式。 A quantity of time has been wasted on the project. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 5“a number of复数名词复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the number of复数名词复数名词”作主语时，谓语作主语时，谓语 动词用单数形式。动词用单数形式。 The number of people invited was one
31、hundred, but a number of them were absent for different reasons. 6表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy. 考点三考点三 就近一致原则就近一致原则 就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。 1由由 or, either.or., neither.nor., not only.but (also).,
32、 not.but.等连接的并列主语，谓语等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常动词的数常 与最近的主语保持一致。与最近的主语保持一致。 Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes great interest in the piano lessons. (湖南卷)Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 2在 there be 句型中，若有几个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There
33、 are three books and a pen on the desk. 当堂训练当堂训练 I.高考真题诊断高考真题诊断 单句语法填空单句语法填空 1. (2020 全国卷 I) “This really excites scientists,”Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says,“because it （mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.” 2. (2019 全国卷) Of the nine
34、teen recognized polar bear sub- populations, three are declining, six _ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 3. (2020 全国卷 II)This is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers_（carry) special significance. 4. (2018 全国卷) While running regularly cant make you live forever, the
35、 review says it _ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 5. (2019 天津高考) Amy as well as her brothers, _ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. II.精选典题精选典题主谓一致主谓一致专题对点训练专题对点训练 单句语法填空单句语法填空 6. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you
36、ll feel a real sense of achievement. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow_ (be) often acceptable. 7. The musician along with his band members _ (give) ten performances in the last three months. 8. Nowadays， cycling， along with jogging and swimming_ (regard) as one of the best allround fo
37、rms of exercise. 9. Still China _ (develop), but the economic growth means that most people have seen their living standards improve rapidly in the last 20 years. 10. Each year, sharks usually kill fewer than 10 people worldwide, and about 100 people _ (injure) 11. The university, however, says it _
38、 (consider) gaokao scores for years, requiring a student to rank in the top 0.1 percent on the test in their province. 12. It _ (invent) in 1921 and people _ (get) great pleasure from it since then. 13. The game _ (play) on a special table. Players control their “team” by turning sticks, to which th
39、e “players” are attached. 14. As in real football, points will be awarded when putting the ball in the other players goal. Table football requires using hands and eyes together excellently, which _ (be) really exciting. 15. (2019 温州二模)The Cooler Screens system instantly _(analyze) all of this data,
40、and then starts showing ads on the cooler door. III.精选典题精选典题主谓一致主谓一致专题对点训练专题对点训练 短文语法填空短文语法填空 I have two sons，Tom and Mike. Both 21. (be) fond of playing football，but neither Tom nor Mike 22. (care) for swimming because they are afraid of water. Recently Tom，as well as his friends 23. (set) up a clu
41、b of their own，where many a student 24. ( p l a y ) c h e s s a f t e r s c h o o l . T h e n u m b e r o f t h e s t u d e n t s g o i n g t h e r e 25. (increase) day by day and a large number of students 26. (be) keen on playing games there. A poet and writer 27. (be) to deliver a lecture next Su
42、nday. Quantities of money 28. (collect) for t h e v i c t i m s i n t h e s t o r m a t p r e s e n t ， N o t o n l y T o m b u t a l s o M i k e 29. (play) an important role in the activity. Each boy and girl belonging to the club 30. (be) in favour of this activity. 课后作业课后作业 1 “What is one thing t
43、hat you would want to do now?” Tracy, my best friend, 1 such question to me one day when we had a video chat. Lie in bed, eat, drink and do some reading. It would be the 2 not getting out of the house ever again! I replied, 3 .Looking back at this memory, I wish I was more 4 and happier with all tho
44、se fun times I had with friends. I never thought things would go the way I 5 . Due to the fast spreading COVID- 19，the entire school district has been 6 for the past 3 weeks. Recently, we have received 7 of it being closed until next semester. Its 8 how Ive always wanted to be at home and have the 9
45、 of never going out again. As soon as I had this opportunity, I was 10 . Thinking that I will be 11 at home for the next two months, 12 I become very unwell. Whenever I was at 13 ，I wished to go home. Now I have to be at home and I 14 school. Am I ridiculous? I guess I really am. In the following da
46、ys，I have experienced and 15 the panic caused by the COVID- 19. Ive 16 realized what is the significance of life and how 17 the health is. Also Ive learned that good living and studying 18 are vital to all of us. Most importantly, I figure out that the world is whole and 19 and we are required to li
47、ve in 20 with each other. 1.A.gave B.threw C.showed D.took 2.A.easiest B.simplest C.toughest D.best 3.A.smiling B.crying C.laughing D.sighing 4.A.content B.confident C.energetic D.accurate 5.A.know B.want C.find D.imagine 6.A.cut off B.moved away C.blocked up D.shut down 7.A.news B.letters C.warning
48、 D.punishment 8.A.amazing B.difficult C.strange D.crazy 9.A.right B.option C.permit D.opinion 10.A.upset B.happy C.calm D.awkward 11.A.stuck B.left C.locked D.monitored 12.A.again B.still C.suddenly D.quickly 13.A.outside B.class C.home D.school 14.A.ignore B.miss C.choose D.quit 15.A.got B.shared C
49、.witnessed D.understood 16.A.just B.truly C.never D.quickly 17.A.weak B.safe C.poor D.precious 18.A.habits B.skills C.plans D.problems 19.A.full B.crowded C.connected D.beautiful 20.A.nature B.harmony C.space D.hope 2 How Saving Wildlife Benefits Humans Its no secret that weve lost an overwhelming number of species within that last four decades. These species have all but 21 due to overpopul
