1、定语从句及其在写作中的应用Attributive clause in composition Learning objectives:1.Review the important grammar piont-Attributive clause and slove the problems during the exam.2.Write sentences with attributive clause.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句:由一个句子来修饰某个名词或代词，放在所修饰的名词或代词之后的从句。名词/代词?关系代词先行词是人时先行词是物时主语或宾语宾语主语、宾语或表语定语(“的
2、”)whose主语、宾语或表语主语或宾语定语(“的”)代指先行词as 可做关系代词，做主宾表。whosewhowhomthatthatwhich关系副词when wherewhyat/in/on/.+whichat/in/on.+whichfor+which注：介词后不能用that定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句注：常用逗号隔开，不能由that引导。1.填上适当的关系词1.(2023甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America,_ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its
3、 surroundings,”her fable begins,borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.2.(2023乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings,Beijing is also a place _ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of t
4、he past.3.(2020III卷)In ancient China lived an artist_ paintings were almost lifelike.4.(2018浙江卷)Many westerners _ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.5.(2019北京卷)The students benefitting most from college are those _ are totally en
5、gaged(参与)in academic life,taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources.6.(2019江苏卷）We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true.1.(2023甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America,_ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,”her
6、fable begins,borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.2.(2023乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings,Beijing is also a place _ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.3.(2020III卷
7、)In ancient China lived an artist_ paintings were almost lifelike.4.(2018浙江卷)Many westerners _ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.5.(2019北京卷)The students benefitting most from college are those _ are totally engaged(参与)in academi
8、c life,taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources.6.(2019江苏卷）We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true.1.填上适当的关系词wherewhich/thatwhosewho/thatwhowhen关系词关系代词关系副词who/whom/that/which/whose/aswhen/where/why从句基本结构是否完整？不完整：关系代词完整：关系副词归纳：关系代词和关系副词用法人：who/whom/
9、that/whose物：which/that/whose/as时间：when地点：where原因：when关系词的作用：关系词的作用：连接作用连接作用(引导定语从句引导定语从句)（连词）（连词）替代作用替代作用(替代先行词替代先行词)（代词）（代词）在定语从句中担当一定成分在定语从句中担当一定成分定语从句在高考中的体现：翻译（阅读，完型）语法填空写作（大小作文）合并句子1.a.Seeing these changes,we cannot forget these people.b.These people gave us unselfish help when we were in troub
10、le._ _2.a.I feel greatly honored to host the contest.b.It is sponsored(赞助)by the Students Union._ _Seeing these changes,we cannot forget these people who gave us unselfish help when we were in trouble.I feel greatly honored to be host the contest,which is sponored by the Students Union.3.a.The libra
11、ry is not far from here.b.The writer often does some reading in the library._ _The library in which/where the writer often does some reading is not far from here.4.a.Ive always longed for the days.b.I will be able to be independent then._ _Ive always longed for the days when I will be able to be ind
12、ependent.1.a.Seeing these changes,we cannot forget them.b.They gave us unselfish help when we were in trouble.Seeing these changes,we cannot forget those who gave us unselfish help when we were in trouble.2.a.I feel greatly honored to host the contest.b.The contest is sponsored(赞助)by the Students Un
13、ion.I feel greatly honored to be host the contest,which is sponored by the Students Union.3.a.The library is not far from here.b.The writer often does some reading in the library.The library in which/where the writer often does some reading is not far from here.4.a.Ive always longed for the days.b.I
14、 will be able to be independent then.Ive always longed for the days when I will be able to be independent.1.关系词必须放在从句句首。2.相同名词前的介词不能省略。during which3.合并后when/where/why等关系副词可以根据所表达的内容替换成“介词which”。4.合并时定语从句一般紧跟先行词合并四大注意事项：关系词必须放在从句句首。先行词是物时，关系词用thatwhich；先行词是人时，关系词用thatwho。逗号和介词后不能使用that。相同名词前的介词不能省略-在
15、上例3中，in the library前的介词in不能省略。合并后when/where/why等关系副词可以根据所表达的内容替换成“介词which”：inonatduring.whichwhen（表时间），inonat.whichwhere（表地点），for which why（表原因），of whichwhomwhose（表“谁的”）。合并时定语从句一般紧跟先行词(代词/名词)。How to write an attributive clause?第一步，写一句话，引出一个些人；例 我最喜欢的老师是李老师。第二步，再写一句话，描写这个些人-可以描写这个些人的特点、形象、性格、动作等；例 李老
16、师教给我英语知识和成长的智慧。第三步，替换、合并-用关系词替换第二个句子中的相同名词代词，将两个句子合并。替换：My favorite teacher is Miss Li.Miss Li has taught me knowledge of English and wisdom for growth.My favorite teacher is Miss Li.Miss Li has taught me knowledge of English and wisdom for growth.合并：My favorite teacher is Miss Li who has taught me
17、knowledge of English and wisdom for growth.定语从句的基本写作步骤使用场景1：写人:你最喜欢/尊敬的老师定语从句常用六大场景写人写物写事写原因写时间写地点使用场景2 写物：邀请某人给报刊写稿/做演讲例例 希望你给我们学校英文报写一篇介绍美国节日风俗的文章。希望你给我们学校英文报写一篇介绍美国节日风俗的文章。I hope you will write an article for our school English newspaper.The article introduces American festival customs.I hope you
18、 will write an article for our school English newspaper The article introduces American festival customs.分解成两个小句子：希望你给我们学校英文报写一篇文章。这篇文章是介绍美国节日风俗的。I hope you will write an article which introduces American festival customs for our school English newspaper.3.写事：比赛写事：比赛/活动活动/节日等节日等一场以保护传统文化为主题的演讲比赛将于6月
19、14号在我校举办。4.写地点：写地点：众所周知，开封是旅游名城，在这里人们可以游览很多美丽的景点(scenic spots)。5.写时间：写时间：中秋节是一个与家人团聚并进行很多庆祝活动的重要时刻。6.写原因写原因原因很简单，我想在这次夏令营活动中申请一个职位。3.写事：比赛写事：比赛/活动活动/节日等节日等一场以保护传统文化为主题的演讲比赛将于6月14号在我校举办。A speech contest the theme of which is about protecting traditional culture will be held in our school on June 14th
20、.4.写地点：写地点：众所周知，开封是旅游名城，在这里人们可以游览很多美丽的景点(scenic spots)。As we all know,Kaifeng is a famous tourist city,in which/where people can visit lots of scentic spots.5.写时间：写时间：中秋节是一个与家人团聚并进行很多庆祝活动的重要时刻。The Mid-Autumn Festival is an important occasion on which(=when)we are reunited with family for many celebr
21、ations.6.写原因写原因我想在这次夏令营活动中申请一个职位的原因很简单。The reason for which(=why)I apply for a position in the summer camp is very simple.1.写出两个简单句。2.找到两个句子的共同部分。3.找到主句，把剩下的句子写上（去掉共同部分）加上关系词。作业：定语从句在读后续写中的写作应用1.我认为丢了这张票的人会寻找它的。I think the one who lost the ticket will look for it.2.Karson上交了他刚刚捡到的金票。Karson handed in
22、 the gold ticket that/which he had just found.3.那也许就是为什么这位流浪者脸上一直带着微笑的原因。That might be the reason why the homeless man was always having a smile on his face.4.他们不仅需要找到所需材料，还需要得到政府的许可令。They not only needed to find all the materials they need,but also needed to get the permission to build the shelter from the local government.5.这个电话来自应该准备午餐的厨师。The phone was from the cooks,who were supposed to prepare the lunch.THANKS
