1、英语新目标 八年级下 1欢呼；喝彩 2募集；征集 3义务做；自愿做 4标志；信号 5通知；通告；注意 6孤独的；寂寞的 7几个；数个；一些 8强烈的；强壮的 9感觉；感触 10满足；满意 11物主；主人 1. cheer 2. raise 3. volunteer 4. sign 5. notice 6. lonely 7. several 8. strong 9. feeling 10. satisfaction 11. owner 重点单词重点单词 12高兴；愉快 13(尤指长途)旅行；行程 14独自；单独 15修理；修补 16修理；安装 17破损的；残缺的 18信；函 19丧失能力的；有
2、残疾的 20瞎的；失明的 21聋的 22想象；设想 12joy 13. journey 14. alone 15. repair 16. fix 17. broken 18. letter 19. disabled 20. blind 21. deaf 22. imagine 23困难；难题 24开；打开 25拿；提；扛 26训练；培训(v.) 27激动的；兴奋的 28仁慈；善良 29聪明的；聪颖的 30理解；领会 31变化；改变 32兴趣；关注 23.difficulty 24open 25.carry 26.train 27.excited 28.kindness 29.clever 30
3、.understand 31change 32.interest 1. 清洁日 2. 养老院 3. 帮助解决困难 4. 曾经 过去 5. 关心;照顾 6. 快乐的表情 7. 在.岁时 8. 打扫(或清除)干净 9. (使)变得更高兴;振奋 10. 分发;散发 11. 想出；提出 12. 制订计划 13. 做些公告牌 14. 试用;试行 1. Clean-Up Day 2. an old peoples home 3. help out with sth. 4. used to 5. care for 6. the look of joy 7. at the age of 8. clean up
4、 9. cheer up 10. give out 11. come up with 12. make a plan 13. make some notices 14. try out 15. 为为工作；为工作；为. 效力效力 16. 建造建造;举起举起;张贴张贴 17. 分发分发;散发散发;发给发给 18. 打电话打电话;召集召集 19. 推迟推迟;延迟延迟 20. 比如；例如比如；例如 21. 筹钱筹钱;募捐募捐 22. 与与.相像相像;像像 23. 赠送赠送;捐赠捐赠 24. 修理修理;修补修补;解决解决 25. 与与相似相似 26. 建立建立;设立设立 27. 残疾人残疾人 28. 影
5、响影响;有作用有作用 29. 能够能够 15. work for 16. put up 17. hand out 18. call up 19. put off 20. for example 21. raise money 22. take after 23. give away 24. fix up 25. be similar to 26. set up 27. disabled people 28. make a difference 29. be able to 动词不定式是一种动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式非谓语动词形式，其结构为，其结构为 “toto动词原形”，其中动词原形”，其
6、中toto不是介词，而是动词不不是介词，而是动词不 定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和 数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定 式短语，在句子中可以用作式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补主语、表语、宾语、补 足语、定语、状语足语、定语、状语等。本单元主要学习其作宾语，等。本单元主要学习其作宾语， 状语，宾补的用法。状语，宾补的用法。 ( (一一) )动词不定式动词不定式 单元语法单元语法 一一. 作宾语作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动
7、词后面用 作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有： begin, want, remember, agree, learn, like, decide, fail, pretend, demand, refuse等。例：等。例： I want to tell you a story. They begin to work at eight every morning. Dont forget to lock the door. Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 二二. 作宾语补足
8、语。作宾语补足语。例如：例如： The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning. The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games. Please let me help you. 动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作 ，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有： tell, ask, want, like, invi
9、te, encourage, help等。等。 但在但在let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, have等感等感 官听觉动词或使役动词官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不后面作宾语补足语的动词不 定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”，可以归纳为，可以归纳为 以下三种句式：以下三种句式： 1.不可以省不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语：的不定式作宾语补足语： tell /ask / want / would like / wish / suppose / invite /encourage /teach/ depe
10、nd on等等 + sb.+ to do sth. 例：例： The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow. I want you to go now. Her parents wish her to be a teacher. 2.省“省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语：的不定式作宾语补足语： Let / make / have + sb. +do sth. Let the boy go out now. The boy made the baby cry. see / watch / hear / notice / feel + sb. +do st
11、h. I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday. I often hear the girl sing in the next room. 3.可省可不省的：可省可不省的： help sb. （to）do sth. I often help my mother （to）do housework. 否定形式：否定形式： （1）动词不定式的否定式是直接在）动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加之前加not. 例例 ：Tell them not to play football in the street. （2）省）
12、省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面 加加not. 例：例： Let the boy not go. 三三. 作状语作状语: （1）作目的状语。如：）作目的状语。如：He stopped to have a rest. 强强 调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to+动词原形。如：动词原形。如： The bus stopped in order to pick up passengers. （2）作结果状语。如：）作结果状语。如： He woke up only to find ever
13、ybody gone. He is old enough to go to school. （3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等 的形容词后作原因状语。如：的形容词后作原因状语。如：happy, glad, pleased, sad, sorry, sure等。等。 如如:1).Im happy to see you. 2).I am sorry to hear that. 一、定义一、定义 动词之后加介词或副词构成短语动词之后加介词或副词构成短语, ,表达表达 一种特定的含义一种特定的含义, ,称为动词短语。称为动词短语。 二、分类二、分类 1.1.动词动词+ +介词
14、介词 2.2.动词动词+ +副词副词 3.3.其它类动词词组其它类动词词组 ( (二二) )动词短语动词短语 1. 动词动词+介词介词 look at 看看 look like 看上去像看上去像 look after 照料照料 listen to 听听 takes care of 照料照料 speak to 对对说说 此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但 宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。 e.g. He is looking after his sister. She always takes
15、care of these children. 2. 动词动词+副词副词 “动词“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类：副词”所构成的短语义分为两类： A动词（动词（vt.）+副词副词 put on 穿上穿上 take off 脱下脱下 write down 记下记下 此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词 前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词 的前面。的前面。 e.g. He took off his coat. B动词（动词（vi）+副词副词 come on 赶快赶快 get up 起床起床 go ho
16、me 回家回家 come in 进来进来 sit down 坐下坐下 stand up 起立起立 此类短语属于不及物动词此类短语属于不及物动词, 不可以带宾语。不可以带宾语。 e.g. Come on! The bus is coming! close the door look the same go to work/class be ill have a look/seat have supper look young go shopping watch TV/games play games 3 3、其它类动词词组、其它类动词词组 1. Ill help to clean up the
17、city parks. We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean-Up Day. clean up 动词短语动词短语 “打扫“打扫(或清除或清除)干净”干净” clean- up 名词名词 “清扫，清除，清理”“清扫，清除，清理” eg. 教室很脏。请把它打扫干净。教室很脏。请把它打扫干净。 You must give your classroom a good clean-up. The classroom is dirty. Please clean it up. 你们必须对教室进行彻底地打扫。你们必须对教室进行彻底地打扫
18、。 河流清理河流清理 the _ of the river clean-up 2. The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids. volunteer v. 义务做，自愿做义务做，自愿做 n. 志愿者志愿者 volunteer to do sth. 自愿做自愿做 volunteer for sth. 为了某事而自愿为了某事而自愿 我们学校有些学生自愿去公园植树。我们学校有些学生自愿去公园植树。 Some students in our school volunteer to plant trees
19、 in the park. -Are you all _? -Yes. We always _ to visit the silk people in the hospital. A. volunteers, volunteers B. volunteers, volunteer C. volunteer, volunteers D. volunteer, volunteer 练一练练一练 3. Lets makes some notices. Then Ill hand them out after school. notice n. 公告牌，通知，布告公告牌，通知，布告 v. 注意到，意识
20、到注意到，意识到 区别：区别： notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人做了某事注意到某人做了某事 notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事注意到某人正在做某事 1). Did you notice him _ school just now? A. leave B. leaving C. to leave D. left 2). I noticed Jim _ my homework when I went into the classroom. A. to copy B. copying C. copy D. copied 练一练练一练 4. hand ou
21、t notices 分发通知分发通知 hand them out 把他们分发把他们分发 hand in 上交上交 常见的“常见的“v.+adv.”的短语：的短语： 注：注：动词动词+副词副词构成的短语，名词可放构成的短语，名词可放前前放放后后，代词放，代词放中间中间 打扫干净打扫干净 放弃放弃 张贴张贴 给给打电话打电话 查阅查阅(字典字典) 捡起，拾起捡起，拾起 推迟推迟 脱下脱下 穿上穿上 分发，散发分发，散发 turn on / off / up / down / over cut down / up / off clean up give up put up call up look
22、up pick up put off take off put on give/hand out 5. Our class tried to raise money for the sick kids in the hospital. 拓展：拓展：raise a family 养家养家 raise ones voice 提高声音提高声音 raise the flag 升旗升旗 (人为的“提升；提起”人为的“提升；提起”) The sun rises in the east. (自身的自身的) “升起；上升”升起；上升” 太阳太阳 在东方升起。在东方升起。 1). raise v. 募集；筹集募
23、集；筹集 raise money for charity 2). sick 偏僻的偏僻的 (可修可修 饰名词饰名词) alone adj. lonely C. alone; alone D, lonely; alone do alone = do by oneself 独自做某事独自做某事 lonely alone lonely 练一练练一练 9. What did they ask you to help out with? 1). help sb. out (with sth.) “帮助某人解决难题”帮助某人解决难题” I cant work out this math problem.
24、Please help me out. 2). help sb. with sth. = help sb. (to) do sth 在某在某 事上帮助某人。事上帮助某人。 3). help oneself to sth. 随便吃食物等随便吃食物等 4). with (without) the help of = with (without) ones help (没有没有)在在的帮的帮 助下助下 10. take after my mother. take after (外貌或行为外貌或行为)像像 他长得像他妈妈。他长得像他妈妈。 He takes after / looks like / i
25、s similar to his mother. 11. I fixed it up. fix up = repair(修理）修理）, mend 12. give away 赠送；捐赠赠送；捐赠 fix up 与与give away 是动副结构，代词放中是动副结构，代词放中 间间 13. Im sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people. 1). set (set, set) up 建立，设立建立，设立 动副结构动副结构 set up a Hope School 2) disabled adj. 丧失能力的；
26、有残疾的丧失能力的；有残疾的 disabled people = the disabled 残疾人残疾人 blind adj. 瞎的；失明的瞎的；失明的 the blind 盲人盲人 拓展：拓展： be blind to sth. 对对视而不见视而不见 be blind in the left eye 瞎了左眼瞎了左眼 14. make it possible for me to have Lucky “使得某人有使得某人有 可能可能” it在句中作在句中作make的形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词的形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词 不定式不定式to have Lucky。如：。如： Your
27、 help makes it possible for him to succeed. 1). make / find / think it +adj. +for sb. make / find / think it +adj. +for sb. +to do sth. 2). make宾语形容词，宾语形容词， “使“使” His words made me happy. 3). make宾语动词原形，“让宾语动词原形，“让做做” He made me work ten hours a day. 15. I was excited about the idea of having a dog.
28、 be excited about “对对感到兴奋”感到兴奋” the idea of “的主意”的主意” be excited about意为“对意为“对感到兴奋”，主感到兴奋”，主 语通常是人语通常是人 ；而；而exciting意为“令人感到兴奋意为“令人感到兴奋 的”，主语通常是物或事件。其他类似的词的”，主语通常是物或事件。其他类似的词 surprising / surprised； interesting / interested 等也是这样区分的。等也是这样区分的。 16. Lucky makes a big difference to my life. make a /no di
29、fference to sb. / sth. / doing sth. 对对(没有没有)有影响有影响 difference n. different adj. tell the difference between 区别区别 be different from 与与不同不同 The heavy snow didnt _ the international airlines. A. pay attention to B. add to C. make a difference to D. keep to 练一练练一练 17. difficult adj. difficulty n. diffic
30、ulty n. 强调具体的强调具体的 “困难”时，可数“困难”时，可数 writing difficulties 书写困难书写困难 指笼统的“艰难、困难”时，不可数指笼统的“艰难、困难”时，不可数 have difficulty (in) doing sth. =have trouble (in) doing sth. =have problems (in) doing sth. =have a hard / difficult time (in) doing sth. 做做 某事有困难某事有困难 18. imagine + n. / pron. / doing v. 想象、设想想象、设想 i
31、magine flying in the sky 19.interest n. 兴趣；关注兴趣；关注 v. 使使感兴趣；使感兴趣；使关注关注 sth. interest sb. 1). show / take (an) interest in / in doing sth. 对对表示表示 关心关心(有兴趣有兴趣) have / take / feel no interest in 对对不不 (不太不太) 感兴趣感兴趣 lose interest in sth. / in doing sth. 对某方面失去兴趣对某方面失去兴趣 The story interests us. 2) be inte
32、rested in 对对感兴趣感兴趣(关心关心) 20. work out “算出，解决”算出，解决” 及物动词短语及物动词短语 eg： work out th math problem; work it / them out “产生结果”产生结果” 不及物动词短语不及物动词短语 The idea worked out fine. 1. I want _ (become) a policeman one day. 2. He wants the students _ (eat) well. 3. The teacher made his students _ (come) into the m
33、eeting room on time. 4. The boy was free _ (go) where he liked. 5. Nobody tells him what _ (do) next. 根据提示完成下列句子。根据提示完成下列句子。 to become to eat come to go to do 从括号中选择适当的单词完成句子。从括号中选择适当的单词完成句子。 1. Everyone was (excited; exciting) to see Jack at the party. 2. Tom went to the island (lonely; alone) yest
34、erday. 3. I am (interesting; interested) in this story. 4. I used to (go; going) shopping every Saturday. But now I often do it on Sunday. 5. This old mans (difficult; difficulties) are that he cant walk or use his hands easily. excited alone interested difficulties go take after, set up, cheer up,
35、come up with, give away 1. At last he decided to those toys to the children who didnt have any toys. 2. Last year Mr. Green a factory in my village. Many villagers work in the factory now. 3. Yesterday we a good plan for the party. 4. Lucy is unhappy. Lets her . 5. Sam his father. Yeah! They are bot
36、h tall. give away set up came up with cheer up takes after 选用方框中适当的短语，并用其正确形式填空。选用方框中适当的短语，并用其正确形式填空。 根据汉语提示及要求根据汉语提示及要求,以以Lilys Dream为题写一篇短文为题写一篇短文. 提示提示: 1.Lily是一个中学生是一个中学生,她想成为一名职业演员她想成为一名职业演员.2.她同时也是一名她同时也是一名 志愿者志愿者,经常参加一些志愿者服务活动经常参加一些志愿者服务活动,业余时间她还上表演课业余时间她还上表演课. 3. 现在她遇到了一些麻烦现在她遇到了一些麻烦,无钱上表演课无
37、钱上表演课.她想出了许多办法她想出了许多办法,如如: 打电打电 话给家长、主动辅导孩子的美术、张贴启事寻找工作挣钱等。话给家长、主动辅导孩子的美术、张贴启事寻找工作挣钱等。4 问题解决了，她可以继续上课了，她的梦想回实现的。问题解决了，她可以继续上课了，她的梦想回实现的。 要求：要求：1、条理清晰，语句通顺，语法正确，书写规范。、条理清晰，语句通顺，语法正确，书写规范。 2、不少于、不少于 80个单词。个单词。 书面表达书面表达 【范文范文】 Lilys Dream Lily is a high school student. She wants to be a professional ac
38、tress. As a volunteer , she often volunteers her time to help other people . at the same time she takes acting lessons. Now she has run out of money for acting lessons. She needs to come up with ideas for making money. She called up parents to offer children art lessons. She even put up signs for asking for jobs. Now shell be able to continue her lessons, and she can become a professional actress one day.
