1、1 Unit 1 Whats the matter? 短语 lie down 躺下 see a dentist 看牙医 go to a doctor 看医生 get an X-ray 拍 X 片 take ones temperature 量体温 all weekend 整个周末 take breaks / take a break 休息 without thinking twice 没多想 get off 下车 take sb. to the hospital 带某人去医院 wait for 等待 to ones surprise 使.惊讶的;出乎. 意料 thanks to 多亏,由于 i
2、n time 及时 on time 按时 think about 考虑 have a heart problem 有心脑病 right away 立即,马上 gen into 陷入;参与 do the right thing fall down 摔倒,跌倒 put . on sth. 把.放在某物上 get hit 被打击 get sunburned 被晒伤 be interested in 对.感兴趣 take risks/take a risk 冒险 lose ones life 失去生命 save ones life 挽救某人的生命 beacause of 因为 by oneself 独
3、自;单独 run out (of) 用尽;耗尽 cut off 切除 away from 离开,远离 make a decision/make decisions 做决定 be in control of 掌管;管理 out of control 失去控制 go mountain climbing 去爬山 give up 放弃 give up doing 放弃做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 get into trouble 造成麻烦(烦恼) get out of 离开;从.出来 have problems (in
4、) doing sth. 做某事有 困难 be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事 seem to do sth. 好像做某事 keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 be in trouble 处于困境中 get into trouble 陷入困境;造成麻烦 have troube (in ) doing sth. 做某事有困 难 询问某人患了体积疾病或遇到了何种 麻烦时 Whats the matter (with sb.) ? (某人)怎么了? (必须
5、有 the) Whats wrong (with sb.)? (某人)怎么了? Whats the trouble (with sb.)/Whats ones trouble (某人)出什么事了? What happened (to sb. )? 2 (某人)发生什么事了? Are you OK? 你没事吧? Is there anything wrong (with sb.)? (某人)有什么事吗? have 的常见用法: (1) have 表示“有”时,它强调 所属关系,表示“某人拥有某物” He has a red bike (2) have 后面跟表示食品、饮料的 名词,意为“吃,喝”
6、 hanve an egg and some bread (3) have 后跟一日三餐, 它表示 “吃 (早饭、午饭、晚饭) ” ,这个短语的 中间不用冠词 have lunch (4) have 后面跟表示动作的名词, 它没有固定的意义, 与表示动作的动 词同义 have a look 看一看 have a swim 游泳 have a rest 休息一下 (5) have 后面跟表示活动的名词, 它表示“举办,举行” have a sportsmeeting 举办运动会 have an English class 上英语课 (6) have 还可以构成其他的一些固 定短语 have a
7、try 试一试 have a good time 玩得高兴 (7) have a +疾病名 患.病 其中 a 不能用 the 代替,也不能去 掉,但翻译时不用译出 have a cold have a fever have a cough have a +身体部位-ache have a headache have a toothache have a stomachache have a sore +身体部位 指身体某处疼 痛 have a sore throat 咽喉痛 have a sore back 背痛 lie lying(现在分词) (vi) 躺,平躺;位于 lie - lay -
8、 lain lie down (vi) 撒谎 说谎 lie - lied - lied lie to sb. 对某人撒谎 n. 可数名词 “谎言,假话” tell a lie/tell lies 说谎 lay (vt) 平放,下蛋 laying (现在分词) lay - laid-laid rest v. n. 休息 have a rest =take a rest = rest thanks to 多亏,由于 (介词短语) 通常接名词 thanks for 因.而感谢 接名词或 V-ing (1)be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某 事 ,to 是介词,后跟名词、代词或 V
9、-ing I am used to walking after dinner 我习惯于晚饭后散步 look forward to doing, pay attention to doing 中 to 是介词 (2)be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 Wood can be used to make paper. 木材能够被用来做纸 3 (3)used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 (暗示现在已经不这样了) (1)run out “用完,耗尽”指某种 资源被用完或耗尽 相当于不及物动词,主语一般是时 间、金钱、食物等无生命的东西 All the money ran out
10、 (3) run out of “用完,耗尽” ,相当 于不及物动词,主语一是人,也可以 是某种能消耗物品的机器等 I am used to walking after dinner. (1) so that 为了,以便 =in order that in order to do 为了, 以便,后接动词原 形 (2) so .that. 如此.以至于. ,后 跟形容词或副词 主语+谓语+so + adj./adv. +that. (3) such.that. 如此.以至于. such(+a/an) +adj. n. +that. He is such a clever boy that eve
11、rybody likes him importance n. 重要,重要性 -ance 名词后缀 important adj. unimportant adj. 不重要的 un 否定前缀 die v. 死,去世 dead adj. 死的,列亡的 death n. 死,死亡 without 介词 with(介词) 常见用法 (1) “具有,带有” ,表示事物所具有 的性质、特征 hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 (2) “和.在一起” He is talking with a friend. (3) 使用 She cut the apple with a knife (4)关于
12、,对于 Whats the matter with him ? (5) 表示行为方式 She likes to sleep with light on 她喜欢开着灯睡觉 24-year - old “24 岁的” 是一个复合形容词,复合形容词的特 点:一是数词、名词、形容词之间要 用连字符连接,二是数词后的名词须 用单数形式 get on 上车 get off 下车 后面跟较大 的交通工具,如公共汽车、火车、轮 船 get into 上车 get out of 下车 后面跟 小汽车、出租车 taxi 、电梯 happen 发生,不能用于被动语态, 且不与表示一段时间的状语连用。 (1)sth.
13、+happened+地点/时间 某地/某 时发生了某事 An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故 The story happened in 2008. 4 (2) sth.happened to sb. 某人出了某事 (常指不好的事) A car accident happened to her this moring. (3) 碰巧,sb. happened to do sth. It happened that She happened to meet her friend in the bookstore. It happened
14、 that I had no money with me wait (vi) for sb./sth. wait for sb/sth. to do sth. 等待某人/ 某物做某事 (1)to ones surprise 使.惊讶的; 出乎.意料,放在句首,其后用逗 号隔开 (2)in surprise 惊讶地;惊奇地, 相当于副词性短语,用来修饰动词, 一般放在修饰的动词后面 He is looking at the strange animal in surprise. (3)be sruprised at “对.感到惊 奇” ,主语是人 to ones +表示感情色彩的名词 意为 “令
15、/使某人.的是” to ones joy 令/使某人高兴的是 to ones disappointment 令/使某人是 失望的是 to ones satisfaction 令/使某人满意的 是 (1)in time “及时,强调正好赶 上事先约定的时间,没有迟到;其后 可接 for 引起的介词短语,表示”正 赶上某事 I am just in time for the plane. 我正好赶上那个航班 (2)on time ”准时,按时” ,指按计 划做某事,强调不迟到不早不晚 Passengers get onto the plane on time.乘 客们准时登机 right away
16、=at once ,right now 立即, 马上 反身代词短语 enjoy oneself teach oneself/learn sth. by oneself 自学 help oneself to . 随便吃(喝) hurt oneself 伤着自己 by oneself 独自;单独 cut oneself 割伤自己 fall down 摔倒, 跌倒, 是不及物动词 短语,其后跟宾语时须加介词 from , 此时 fall down from 相当于 fall off 意 为“从.上掉/摔下来” He fell down from his bike yesterday=He fell
17、off his bike yesterday 昨天他从自行车上摔下来 (1)sick 生病的,有病的 feel sick 生病了 be sick =be ill (2)sick “恶心的” I feel a little sick.我带到有点恶心 (3)sick 厌倦的 be sick of I am sick of going shopping. 5 (1)take tisks =take a risk “冒险” the risk of .风险 (2)risk 用作动词, “冒险” ,其后 可接名词、代词或 V-ing 作宾语 Im willing to risk losing everyt
18、hing. 我愿意冒失去一切的危险 be ready to do sth. 准备好做某事,愿 意做某事 be ready for 为.作准备 blood 不可数名词 a drop of blood 一滴血 bloody adj. 有血的;出血的 (1) mean “意思是;意为”其后常接 名词、V-ing 或宾语从句 (2) mean “打算;意欲” mean to do sth. 打算做某事 I mean to talk with him about it. (3)mean 意味着,其后常接名词或 V-ing 作宾语 mean doing My new job means working a
19、ll day all night. 我的新工作意味着夜以继日地工作 get out of 离开;从.出来 get into 进入 tell of 叙述;描述 the importance of (doing) sth. (做)某事的重要性 (1)be in control of 掌管;管理 You should be in control of your own life and business. 你应该掌管自己的生活和事业 (2)be in the control of “受.控制; 受.管理” The company is in the conrtol of the young man.
20、 这家公司在这个年轻的的管理之下 (3) be out of control 失去.的控制 (1) keep on doing sth. “继续做某事” 表示动作重复多次,中间有间隔,强 调重复性 She kept on working, althouth she was tired. 尽管她加强累了,她还继续工作 (2)keep doing sth. “继续不停地做 某事”表示动作的持续不间断、无停 顿,强调连续性 Keepwalking until you reach the end of the road. 继续走,直到你到达路的尽头 (3)keep sb. doing sth. “使某
21、人一直 做某事” Dont keep your mother waiting. (4) keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人 做某事 You shouldnt keep him from watching cartoons. 你不该阻止他看动画片 mind “介意;在乎” ,后面接名词、 V-ing 或从句作宾语, 但不能跟动词不 定式 6 give up “放弃” ,其后可接名词、代 词或 V-ing 作宾语,give up 是“动 词+副词”型短语,后接代词作宾语 时,代词放在 give 和 up 之间 give up doing 7 Unit 2 Ill help
22、to clean up the city parks 短语 clean up 打扫(或清除)干净 cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振奋起来 give out 分发;散发 used to 曾经.;过去. give away 赠送;捐赠 set up 建起;设立 make a difference 影响;有作用 come up with 想出;提出 put off 推迟 put up 张贴;搭建;举起 call up 打电话给(某人) ;征召 help out 帮助.摆脱困境 care for 照顾;非常喜欢 try out 参加.选拔;试用 come true 实现 run out of 用
23、尽;耗尽 take after(外貌或行为)像 fix up 修理;装饰 be similar to 与.相似 be strong in 擅长 work out fine 奏效 be excited about 对.感到兴奋、激动 用法 need to do sth. 需要做某事 make plans to do sth.制订计划做某事 ask sb.(not )to do sth.要求某人 (不要) 做某事 used to do sth.过去常常做某事 give up +时间+to do sth.腾出时间做某 事 get a feeling of 产生.的感觉 help sb. (to )d
24、o sth.帮助某人做某事 make a difference to 对.产生影响 make it possible for sb. to do 使得做某事 对某人来说成为可能 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 remember to do sth.记得做某事 clean up ,cheer up ,give out ,put off,fix up ,work out, give away 是“动词+副 词”结构,后面可跟名词,代词,动 词-ing,作宾语, 人称代词作宾语时, 必 须放在两
25、词之间 (1)volunteer(vi)for 自愿做,义务 做 后常跟介词 in,for They volunteer for the work in the club. 他们自愿地俱乐部里参加这项工作 拓展(2)volunteer to do sth. 自愿做 某事 He volunteered to clean up the room after the party. (3)volunter n. 志愿者 I want to be a volunteer in the city. (1)notice 可数名词“通知,通告,布 告” make some notices 制作一些布告 put
26、 up a notice 张贴一张通知 拓展(2) notice v. 注意到,意识到 notice sb. do /doing sth. 注意到某人 做了/正在做某事 Did you notice Jack come in?你注意到 8 杰克进来了吗? I didt notice you carrying a box when you came in.你进来时我没注意到你 扛着一个箱子。 notice +that 注意到 I noticed that he left the room. (1) (P10) used to 在此表示过去一 度存在但现在已经消失的某一特定 的情形。 作这一用法讲
27、时, used to 常 与 be,have ,live ,stay,like,love 连用, 表示“曾,曾经” We used to be very good friends when we were at school. 我们上学的时候曾是十分要好的朋 友 拓展(2) used to 还表示“过去常 常”做某事,但现在不那样做了,后 接动词原形 She used to come her every week. 她过去每周都到这儿来 (1)care for 照顾,照料=look after =take care of 拓展(2) care for 还可意为“非常喜 欢” ,通常用于否定句或
28、疑问句中 I dont care for basketball. (3)care about “关心;在意” Your father truly cares about you. (P11) how to care for animals 是“疑 问词+动词不定式”结构,在句中作 宾语。疑问代词 what,who ,which 和 疑问副词 where,when,why,how 后面 接动词不定式构成动词不定式短语, 在句中作主语、宾语、表语 I didnt decide where to live. The difficulty is how to do more work with les
29、s money. 困难在于如何用更少的钱办更多的事 P11(1)get (vt.) 产生;形成,常与 feeling ,ieda 搭配使用 get better (2)get 系动词 “变得,变为”后接 形容词 such 形 容 词 such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数 形式 such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可 数名词 so 副 词 so+形容词/副词 so +形容词+a/an+可数名词单数 so+many/much/few/little+名词 joy 不可数名词“高兴,愉快” He jumped up with joy.他高兴得跳了起 来 owner 主人 the owner of .
30、的主人 拓展(1)own adj. “自己的”一般 用于形容词性物主代词或名词所有格 之后,以加强语气。 I saw it with my own eyes. (2) own (vt.) 有, 拥有, 相当于 have He owns a big house. (3) of ones own “属于某人自己的” ; (4)on ones own 单独地,独自地, 相当于 alone At last Ive got a big house of my own. 最终我有了一座属于自己的大房子 He wants to finish the work on his own. 9 try out “参
31、加.选拔;试用” ,当意 为“参加.选拔”时常与介词 for 连用 Im trying out a new computer.我正在 试用一台新电脑 go on a +名词 “进行 .,举行” a dream come true 梦想成真 at the same time 同时(一定有 the) raise money for “为.筹钱” 拓展 raise 举起,抬起;提高;养 育 homeless adj. “无家可归的”是由 “名词 home+less”构成。后缀-less 表示否定意义, 意为 “没在; 无” “某 些名词+-less”构成形容词 hope -hopeless 无望的
32、use -useless 无用的 stop doning sth. 停止做某事 指停止正在做 的事情 Stop to do sth. 停下来去做某 事 指停止原来做 的事情去做另 外一件事 They were very tired,but they didnt stop working. 尽管他们很累, 但他们没有停止工作 He felt very tired,so he stopped to have a cup of coffee. 他感到很累, 于是停下来丟喝了一杯 咖啡 alone adv. “单独,独自” 拓展(1)alone adv.,还可用在名词 或代词之后,只有;仅仅 He a
33、lone understands me. 唯有他理解我 (3)alone adj. “独自的,单独的”在 句中作表语 She was alone in the dark room. (4)lonely adj. 孤独的;寂寞的 run out of 主语通常是“人”的名词, 也可用于某种能消耗物品的机器,意 为“用完.”相当 use up 拓展 (1) run out of 也可表示 “从. 跑出来 The dog ran out of the room. (2)run out 意为“用尽,耗尽” ,其 主语通常是被使用的事物,其后不接 宾语。 His water soon ran out.
34、take after =be similar to 拓展look like “看上去像.”多指外 貌 you look like my brother. be like “像.”指外貌,性格 What is your sister like?你妹妹的性格 怎么样? give away “赠送;捐赠” 拓展fix up 还可意为“安排(会议、 活动等) ” I fixed up an interview with him. 我安排了一次对他的采访 10 be similar to “与.相像、类似” 拓展be similar in sth. “在某方面相 似” break-broke-broke
35、n broken adj. “破损的;残缺的” 拓展break n. “间歇;休息时间” Shes worked for 27 hors without a break. 她已经不间断地工作了 27 小时。 write the letter to sb. 拓展(1)write a letter to sb.=writ sb. a letter 给某人写信 I am writing a lette to my friend. =Im writing my friend a letter =Im writing to my friend. 我正在给我的朋友写信 (2)hear from sb. “
36、收到某人的来信” I hope to hear from you soon. thank you for (doing)sth. =thanks for (doing)sth. “因(做)某事 而感谢你 thanks=thank you set up “建起,设立” ,其后常接表 示 组 织 、 机 构 、 团 体 等 名 词 如 school,hospital,government,company the disabled 残疾人,表示一类人, 为复数概念 拓展 able adj. 有能力的- disable v. 使失去能;使残疾- disabled adj. 丧失能力的,有残疾的 mak
37、e it possible for sb. to sth. 使某人 做某事成为可能” make it +形容词(for sb.)+to do sth. 使某人做某事成为.,it 为形式宾 语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式 (短语) ,形容词作宾语补足语 The spaceship makes it possible to travel to the moon. 宇宙飞船使去月球旅行旅行成为可能 拓展it 作形式宾语的其他常见句型 还有 think/find it +形容词+to do sth. “认为/发现做某事是.的” I find it diffcult to talk to you. 我
38、发现跟你谈话很难 make a difference to . (to 为介词) 拓展make no difference to “对.没 有影响” (to 为介词) It makes no difference to me. 这对我没什么影响 the blind “盲人”表示一类人 deaf 聋的,表示哪只耳朵失聪要用介 词 in. He is deaf in one ear.他的一只耳朵失 聪了 拓展 deaf前加the,表示耳朵失聪的一 类人 You shouldnt laugh at the deaf.你不应 该嘲笑聋人 imagine vt. “想象,设想” ,其后可接 名词、 代词
39、、 动词-ing 形式或宾语从句 I cant imagine being a millionaire. 11 我无法想象成为百万富翁是什么样 子 carry 拿, 提, 扛 表示携带、搬 运、运载,具有 负重的含义, 没 有方向性 Please carry this bag for me.请为我提 一下这个袋 子 bring 拿来, 带来 指反人或物从 别处带到说话 者所在的地方 Bring the book to me . 把书拿过来 给我 take 拿走, 带走 指把人或物从 说话者所在的 地方带到别处 Take my box to the room. 把我的箱子 拿到房间去 get 去
40、取 来,去 拿来 指到某地去把 某人或某物带 来或拿来 She has gone to get water. 她去打水了 a friend of mine “我的一位朋友” , 是双重所有格,相当于 one of my friends . 如果表示所属物的名词前 有冠词、 数词、 不定代词或指示代词, 常用双重所有格,即“of+s 所有格/ 名词性物主代词”的形式,来表示所 属关系 Jhon os a friend of my fathers=John is one of my fathers friends. help sb. out “帮助某人摆脱困境; 帮 助某人解决难题” They h
41、elped us out with the clean-up. a special trained dog “一只经过特殊 训练的狗” , 此处 trained 是过去分词作 定语。过去分词作定语,在语态上, 表被动;在时间上,表示动作已经发 生或完成,它所修饰的名词与过去分 词存在被动关系、 She is a trained nurse.她是一名受过训 练的护士 trian sb./sth. to do sth. 训练某人/某物 做某事 trian sb. in sth. 在革方面训练/培养某 人 We can train a horse to do farm work. 我们可以训练马做农
42、活 The father trains his daughter in medicine.这位培养他的女儿学医 拓展(1)train (vi) “锻炼;接受训 练”相当于 exercise The boy is training for the school sports meeting.这个男孩正在为参加学校的 运动会而训练 (2)train 可数名词 “火车” (3)training 不可数名词 训练;培训” On the couse we received training. 在课上我们接受了培训 be excited about “对.感到兴奋” 拓展be excited to do
43、sth. 对做某事感 到兴奋 Jack was excited to travel there by plane. 拓展good-goodness 善良 ill-illenss 疾病 happy-happiness 幸福 sad -sadness 悲伤 12 change ones life 改变某人的生活 拓展change 可数名词 变化 不可数名词“零钱” Great changers have taken place here since 2005. 自 2005 年以来,这儿已经发生了很 大的变化 Dont forget your change.不要忘记找 给你的钱 take an i
44、nterest in 对.感兴趣 =be interested in , 其后可接名词、 你 们,动词-ing 作宾语 be strong in 擅长.,其后可接名 词、 代词或动名-ing 形式作宾语, 相 当于 be good at 或 do well in ,此处 strong 为形容词,意为“ (能力)强 的;擅长的” 拓展(1)strong 的其他含义 强壮的;强健的 He exercises every day,so he is strong. (2) (东西)坚固的;结实的 The runner needs a strong pair of shoes (3)强烈的;厉害的 a
45、strong wind 强风 work out fine 凑效=work out well 表示“算出” 拓展(1)I believe you can work out this problem by yourself. (2)表示“制订,拟出” The outline must be carefully worked out. 这个提纲一定要仔细拟订 (3)表示“解决(问题) ” Dont worry.Things will work out 一般过去时的被动语态的结构是 “was/were+过去分词” 一 般 现 在时 am/is /are +done 一 般 过 去时 was /were
46、+done 现 在 进 行时 am/is/are being+done 一 般 将 来时 will be +done am/is/are going to be+done 现 在 完 成时 have/has been+done 被动语态必有 be done,时态都在 be 上 转换 13 unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 短语 do the dishes 洗餐具 take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 fold the clothes 叠衣服 sweep the floor 扫地 make the bed 铺床 work on 从事;创
47、作 clean the living room 打扫起居室 go out 出去 stay out 待在外面;不在家 help out 帮助做完某事 in front of 在.前面 come over 过来;顺便来访 hang out 闲逛 do chores 做家务 at least 至少 throw down 扔下 all the time 频繁;反复 in surprise 吃惊地;惊讶地 as soon as 一.就 a waste of time 浪费时间 spend.on. 在.上花费(时间或金钱) in order to 为了,目的是 depend on 依靠;信赖 keep i
48、t clean and tidy 保持它干净、 整洁 get into 进入 take care of 照顾;处理 as a result 结果 fall ill 生病 【用法】 finish doing sth. 做完某事 neither+连系动词 be/助动词/情态动词 +主语. .也不 as. as. 与.一样 hate to do sth. 厌恶做某事 let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 spend.doing sth. 花费.做某事 provide sth. for sb. 向某人提供某物 learn to do sth. 学会做某事 learn how to do sth
49、. 学会怎样做某事 do ones part in (doing) 尽自己的职责做 某事 Could you please+动词原形?表示请 求的句子,意为“请你.好吗” ,其 否定形式是 Could you please+not+动 词原形?句中 could 表示请求,不表 示过去,只表示委婉的语气 take out the rubbish 意为“倒垃圾” , 其中 take out 表示“取出;拿出” out 是副词,如果宾语是代词,该代词 宾语只能位于 take 和 out 之间 finish “完成;做完” ,其后跟名词、 代词、动词-ing 形式作宾语 any minute now
50、“随时;马上;在任 何时刻” ,表示事情有可能在极短的时 间内发生或眼下就要发生。在为一结 构中,minute还可用 second,moment,time 替换 make a mess 弄得一团糟 in a mess 乱七八糟 14 The children made a mess in the living room.孩子们反起居室弄得很乱 The room was in a terrible mess.房间 里脏乱不堪 拓展 throw at 向.扔去(恶意, 带攻击性) throw to 扔给.(不含恶意) throw away 扔掉;丢弃 the minute (that) “一.就.