1、初中英语专题语法现在完成时 （一）概要 1. 什么是现在完成时 2. 与现在完成时连用的时间状语 3.短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法 4.since 用法 5.have been to/have gone to 用法区别 6.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 （二）现在完成时讲义 一【定义及用法】 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在所造成的的影响 -Will you please see the movie Blue Beauty with me? -Sorry,I have seen it before. 2.表示过去发生的动作或状态延续到现在，可能还要继续下去 I have worked here s
2、ince three years ago. 3.表示频率和次数 I have never been to the Great Wall. I have read the book many times. 4.同一般现在时表将来类似，现在完成时也可以在时间状语从句和条件状语从 句中表将来 I wont go out with you unless my homework has been finished. 二【构成】 主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其它 此处 have/has 是助动词，帮助构成完成时，故其一般疑问句，把 have/has 提前，否定句在 have/has 后直接加 n
3、ot。 She has left China. 一般疑问句：Has she left China?回答：Yes,she has./No,she hasnt 否定句：She hasnt left China. 三【与现在完成时连用的时间状语和副词】 in the last/past few years/ over the years so far until now up to now in recent years already/yet/lately/recently/never/ever/before since then since+时间点/时间状语从句一般过去时 for+时间段 四【短
4、暂性动词与延续性动词】 在英语中，短暂性动词不能与持续的时间连用，要转换成延续性动词。 borrow-keep buy-have go/come/leave/arrive-be away/here/there die-be dead marry-be married begin/start-be on end-be over join-be in open-be open close-be closed fall ill/in love with /asleep-be ill/in love with/asleep I borrowed the book from our school lib
5、rary last week,and I have kept it for about ten days. The meeting has been on for ten minutes. Lucy has been in the school reading club for two years. 注意短暂性动词的否定式可以与一段时间连用，因为否定式表示动作未发生， 表示持续的状态，不与根本的产生原则冲突，比如最常见的一个日常用语：I havent seen you for a long time. 五【辨析 have gone to/have been to/have been in】 h
6、ave gone to:已经去了某地（人还没回来） Have been to:曾今去过某地（人已经回来） Have been in:一直待在某地（可以与一段时间连用） -Where is Jack?I cant find him. -He has gone to Beijing on business. I have been to France three times.I think it is really a beautiful country. Its said he has been in Japan for three months. 六【现在完成时必考知识点】 1. since
7、用法 作为介词，自从.以来，后面加时间点，与现在完成时连用。 He has been here since three years ago. 作为连词，自从.以来，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 I have taught English in China since I came here. It is/has been+时间段+since 从句（一般过去时） It is three years since I left Australia. 2.for 和 since 用法区分 for+时间段 since+时间点 They have been married for ten year
8、s. They have been married since ten years ago 3.同义句转换 The meeting began ten minutes ago. The meeting has been on for ten minutes. The meeting has been on since ten minutes ago It is /has been ten minutes since the meeting began. 4.already/yet already 多用于肯定句,yet 多用于否定句和疑问句。 I have already read the in
9、structions. Have you returned China yet? 5.marry v.与.结婚 marry somebody 与某人结婚 She soon married Jack. Married adj.结婚的 get/be married to somebody 与某人结棍其中 get 是短暂性动词，故 get married 不能与持续的时间段连用，要用 be married。 They have been married for ten years. Tom has been married to Alice for two months. 6.反义疑问句与现在完成时
10、的混合考法 Hes in Beijing now,isnt he? Hes been in Japan for three years.,hasnt he? Hes liked by all of us in school,isnt he? 主要确定缩写的谓语动词是 is 还是 has,如果是 has，后面必定紧跟着过去分 词，如果是 is 情况比较复杂要根据具体的语法规则而定 7.just/just now just 多与现在完成时连用，just now 与一般过去时连用。 I have just read the book. I received a letter from my pen
11、pal just now. 七【现在完成时与一般过去时的区别】 现在完成时 一般过去时 侧重点 过去发生的事情 对现在所造成的 结果，侧重于对现 单纯记叙发去发 生的动作，与现在 并无关联 在的影响 时间状语 通常与不确定时 间状语连用，比如 in the last few years,in recent years,so far 等 与明确表示过去 的时间状语连用， 比如 last week， two minutes ago 等 特殊疑问句 不 能 出 现 于 由 when 引起的特殊 疑 问 句 ， 因 为 when 当.时候， 强调时间概念，而 现在完成时恰恰 强调对现在所造 成的影响
12、可以与when引起 的特殊疑问句连 用，因为一般过去 时通常伴有明确 表示过去的时间 状语，与 when 所 表现的内涵一致， 都指当.时候 （三）现在完成时经典例题 ( ) 1. There _ great changes in our hometown in the past few years. A. has been B. was C. were D. have been ( ) 2.-When _ your grandma _ you that dress last week? -Oh, I have forgotten. A. does; buy B. has; bought C.
13、 had; bought D. did; buy ( ) 3. _ the papers in his hand, our English teacher came into the classroom happily. A. Has B. Have C. With D. Hold ( ) 4.Have you _travelled by light trail? -No, I have _ travelled by light trail. A. already; just B. ever; never C. just; yet D.already; recently ( ) 5. Mr.
14、Smith _ in Nanjing since he _ to China years ago. A. worked; Has moved B. has worked; has moved C. has worked; moved D. was working; moved ( ) 6.-How long has he worked on the farm? -_. A. Two years ago B. For two years ago C. Since two years D. Since two years ago ( ) 7. _ Hes finished his homework
15、, has he? Yes, he is watching TV now. A. doesnt B. hasnt C. wasnt D. isnt ( ) 8. I _ to learn English 5 years ago. I _over 1, 000 English words since then. A. have begun, have learned B. began, learned C. began, have learned D. have begun, learned ( ) 9. More than 20 people_ in traffic accidents_ la
16、st May. A. have been dead; since B. died; for C. have died; for D. have been dead, for ( )10. I _ the bike two years ago. I _ it for two years. A. had; have bought B. bought; have had C. have; have had D. bought; have bought ( ) 11. -When _ your cousin _ his hometown? -He _ for nearly two years. A.
17、has; left; has left B. did, leave; has left C. did, leave; has been away D. has, left; has been away ( ) 12. -When _ you _? -I _ for two months. A. did, get；married; have got married B. have, got married; got married C. have, been married; have got married D. did, get married; have been married ( )1
18、3I have_finished my homework，so I can go shopping with Mum now Ajust Bjust now Cright Dright now ( )14一 Shes been to Hainan，_? 一 YesShe went there last week for the first time Ahasnt she Bis she Chas she Disnt she ( )15. 一 Its a long time we last met. How is everything? 一 Not bad, except that I am a
19、lways missing you. A. when B. since C.before D. while ( ) 16. I cant get into my room now because I _ my key. A. lose B. will lose C. have lost D. am losing ( ) 17. Simon _ up yet because he _ to bed very late last night. A. didnt get; went B. hasnt got; has gone C. doesnt get; went D. hasnt got; we
20、nt ( ) 18. He _ his homework already and now he is watching TV. A. has finished B. finishes C. will finish D. finished ( ) 19. - Tom, will you go to see the film Lost In Thailand this evening? - No, I wont. I _ it already. A. saw B will see C. see D. have seen ( ) 20. Johns never flown to Canada, _? A. is he B. isnt he C. has he D. hasnt he
